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A Revision
Definition A.1 (The First Principles) The derivative of f (x) is defined by the for-
mula
f (x + ∆x) − f (x)
f 0 (x) = lim . (A.1)
∆x→0 ∆x
Note that, the function f (x) is differentiable on the interval J if f 0 (x) exist at every x in
J.
Theorem A.2 (L’Hôpital’s Rule) Let f (x) and g(x) be two differentiable functions
at all the points near a, but not at a. Suppose g 0 (x) 6= 0 for all x, with x 6= a. If
(1) lim f (x) = lim g (x) = 0 or ±∞.
x→a x→a
f 0 (x)
(2) lim exists or tends to infinity, then
x→a g 0 (x)
f (x) f 0 (x)
lim = lim 0 (A.2)
x→a g (x) x→a g (x)
B Exercise
1. Differentiate the following functions y with respect to x from the first principle.
x 1
(a) y = cos x (b) y = x3 (c) y = (d) y =
1 − x2 x+2
2. A function f is defined as
(
4 cos x + 1 if x ≤ 0,
f (x) =
ax + b if x > 0.
If f is differentiable everywhere, find the values of a and b.
1
AMA1110 2019/20 Semester 1 Exercise 4
3 3 5 (n) ee
x
(a) x + 4x2 − x + 7 + 9x−1 − 7x−2
5 2
(o) (1 − x−1 )−1
(b) (2x + 3)−2 (4x − 1)2
√ (p) ln(sin x) − 12 sin2 x
3+x
(c) √ (q) x tan−1 (4x)
2−x
(d) sin 2x cos 5x (r) ln(sec 5x + tan 5x)
(e) sinm x cosn x (s) cot(3x2 + 5)
√
(f) (x4 − 3x2 + 5)3 (t) sin(tan( 1 + x3 ))
√ 1 (u) tan2 (sin x)
(g) x+ √3 √
x4 x + 1(2 − x)4
√ (v)
(h) 2x x2 + 1 (x + 3)7
(i) esin 2x x
(w) ln
x x+1
(j)
1 − x2 x3 sin 5x
(x)
(k) xe−1/x (x2 + x)3
√
(l) tan( 1 − x) (y) sin 2x sin 3x sin 4x sin 5x
sec 2x (sin mx)n
(m) (z)
1 + tan 2x (cos nx)m
dy
9. Find if
dx
x = t3 x = cos t x = a cos 2t
(a) (b) (c)
y = 2t2 − 1 y = sin t y = cos t + 1
√
3
14. Find a linear approximation to√f (x) = 1 + 3x at the point x = 0 and use it to
find an approximate value for 3 1.03.
3
AMA1110 2019/20 Semester 1 Exercise 4
f 0 (x) = xx (1 + ln x).
xx − x
Hence evaluate lim .
x→1 ln x − x + 1
18. Let f (x) = x4 − 2x2 + 1 for x ∈ [1, ∞). Determine the value of (f −1 )0 (9).
4
AMA1110 2019/20 Semester 1 Exercise 4
5
AMA1110 2019/20 Semester 1 Exercise 4
Answer:
4e. −n sinm+1 x cosn−1 x + m sinm−1 x cosn+1 x 5b. f 0 (0) = 0 and f 0 (−1) does not exist.
1−y 4 −2xy
4p. cot x − sin x cos x 8e. 4xy 3 +x2 −3
4q. 4x
1+16x2 + tan−1 (4x) 8f. 2x(x−y)2 +2x2 (x−y)−2x
2x2 (x−y)−2y
1 ex+y −y
4w. x(x+1) 8l. x−ex+y
6
AMA1110 2019/20 Semester 1 Exercise 4
√
9b. − cot t 15r. − 3/2
1
9c. 4a cos t 15s. 0
15l. 1 16m. 1
1
15n. a(a−1) 16o. e− 6
2
15o. 4 17. −2
7
AMA1110 2019/20 Semester 1 Exercise 4
F (x) F 0 (x)
Addition f (x) ± g(x) f 0 (x) ± g 0 (x)
Linearity af (x) af 0 (x)
Product Rule f (x)g(x) f 0 (x)g(x) + f (x)g 0 (x)
f (x) g(x)f 0 (x) − f (x)g 0 (x)
Quotient Rule
g(x) [g(x)]2
Chain Rule f (g(x)) f (g(x))g 0 (x)
0
- The shortest path between two truths in the real domain passes through the complex domain.
Jacques Salomon Hadamard (1865-1963). -
- Finis -