Chapter 2: Derivative and applications

1. Calculate derivative of the following function by using definition f ( x) = 2 x + 1 at the point

x=4
2. Calculate derivative of the following function at the point x = 1
 x2 − 5x + 4
 khi x ≠ 1
f ( x) =  x − 1
 −3 khi x=1

3. Calculate derivative of the following function by using definition:
a) f ( x) = cos x b) f ( x) = ln( x )
4. Calculate derivative of the following function y =| x | + | x − 2 | .

ℎ x≠0
1
x 2 sin

ℎ x=0
5. Prove that the function: y = x
0

has derivative on R and caculate f '( x) .

x2 ℎ x ≤1
ℎ x >1
6. Given the function: f ( x) =
2ax + b

Define a and b so that the function is continous and has derivative at the point x = 1 .
7. Calculate derivative of order n:
kx 2x+3
a) y = e b) y =
x +1
8. Prove that the function: y = sin ( ln x ) + cos ( ln x ) satisfies the equality:
2
x y '''+ xy '+ y = 0
9. Prove that the function: y = sin ( n.arcsin x ) satisfies the equality:

(1 − x ) y′′ − xy′ + n y = 0
2 2

10. Prove that the function: y = e x + 2e 2x satisfies the equality:

y '''− 6 y ''+ 11 y '− 6 y = 0

32. Expand the polynomial f (x ) = x 5 + x 3 − 3x 2 + 1 to the power of x − 1

1
33. Expand the polynomial f (x ) = according to the Maclaurin formula to x 2 , with a Peano
1+ x
residual.
34. Expand the polynomial f (x ) = 3 x according to Taylor's formula to the 5th power of x − 1, with
a Peano residual.
35. Expand the polynomial f (x ) = e sin x according to the Maclaurin formula to x 3 , with a Peano
residual.

sonlam Page 4
36. Calculate the following limits:
eax − e −ax 1 − cos ax
lim
a) x →0 b) lim
x → 0 x sin x
ln(1 + x )
π − 2arctgx ln x
lim lim
c) x →+∞ 1 d) x →0+ ln(sin x )
ln(1 + )
x
ln(1 − x ) xm
e) xlim f) lim (a > 1, m ∈ N )
→1− cot πx x →+∞ a x

37. Calculate the following limits:

 1  π 
a) lim  cot x −  b) lim x tan x −
x →0
 x x →π / 2
 2cos x 
π 
c) limπ tan 2x .tan  4 − x  d) lim ln x .ln(1 − x )
x→
4
  x →1−

38. Calculate the following limits:

1 πx
cos
a) lim [ ln(e + x )]x b) lim(1 − x ) 2
x →0 x →1−
1 1

c)  tan x  x 2 d) lim( e +x) x x

lim   x →0
x →0
 x 
1
2
e) x
lim (2 + x ) x lim ( arctan x )x
f)
x →+∞ x →+∞ π

39. Detemine the incresing and decreasing interval of the functions:

a) y = 2x 2 − ln x b) y = x + sin x
y = x (x − 1) 2 (x − 2)3 ex
c) d) y =
x
2 y = x − ln(1 + x )
e) y = x 2 . 3 6x − 7 f)
3
g) y = x ln 2 x h) y = x 2e −x
40. Define the maximum and minimum values of the following functions:
1
a ) f ( x ) = 3 x − x 3 , x ∈ [ −2;3] b) f ( x ) = x + , x ∈ [ 0,01;100]
x

c ) y = x 2 ln x, x ∈ [1; e ] d ) y = x 1 − x 2 , x ∈ [ −1;1]

4 9
42. Define x so that the function y = + reaches the maximum value in the interval (0;1).
x 1− x
43. Detemine the convexity and inflection point of the following functions:

a ) y = x 4 − 12 x3 + 48 x 2 + 50

b) y = ln(1 + x 2 )

sonlam Page 5
44. Given the short run production function Q = 15. 3 L .

Calculate MPPL when L=8 and L=1000 and explain what the results mean.

45. Make a marginal cost function and an average cost function, giving the cost function:

a)TC = 3Q 2 + 7Q + 12

b)TC = 2Q 3 − 3Q 2 + 4Q + 10

46. Given the revenue function: TC = 200Q − 3Q 2 . Construct the marginal revenue and demand
functions for the product.

47. Given the demand function for the monopolist's product, with price p in USD:
Q = 500 − 0, 2 p . Calculate the MR at Q=90 and explain what it means.

48. Given the demand function for a quantity of good as follows: Q = 3200 − 0,5 p 2

a) Calculate the price elasticity of demand at the price P < 80.

b) Calculate the price elasticity of demand at the prices p=20 and p=50 explain what it means.

49. For a linear demand function: Q = a − bp (a ,b > 0) . Called ε the price elasticity of demand.
a a a a
Prove that ε = −1 when p = , −1 < ε < 0 when 0 < p < , and ε < −1 when <p< .
2b 2b 2b b
50. Let the total revenue of a monopoly producer at each output level Q be TR = 500Q − 4Q 2 .
Calculate the price elasticity of demand for that producer's product at the price p = 300 , and
explain what it means.51. G

−1 3
iven the producer's profit function as follows: π = Q + 14Q 2 + 60Q − 54 . Choose the optimal
3
output level (for maximum puzzle profit).
52. Determine the producer's optimal level of output, given the following revenue and cost
functions:
a) TR = 4000Q − 33Q 2 , TC = 2Q 3 − 3Q 2 − 400Q − 5000 .
b) TR = 4350Q − 13Q 2 ,TC = Q 3 − 5,5Q 2 + 150Q + 675 .

53. Determine the producer's optimal level of output, given the marginal revenue and marginal
cost functions as follows: MR = 5900 − 20Q ; MC = 6Q 2 − 8Q + 140 .

54. A monopolistically sells a product in a market with an inverse demand function:

p = 1400 − 7,5Q
a) Calculate the price elasticity of demand at each price p;

sonlam Page 6
b) Determine the level of output for maximum profit, given the marginal cost function
MC = 3Q 2 − 12Q + 140 .

55. A producer sells the product in a competitive market for $20. Assume the production function
Q = 3 L2 and the cost of labor are $40. Let's determine the level of employment for maximum
profit.

56. A single producer consumes a product in a market with a demand function D ( p ) = 750 − p .
Given that the production function Q = 6 L and the cost of labor are $14. Let's determine the
level of employment for maximum profit.

sonlam Page 7