Assignment-4

Qus 1. Find the first 3 terms in the Maclaurin series for x e−x .

x
Qus 2. Find the first 3 terms in the Maclaurin series for .
1+ x2

Qus 3. Find the first 3 terms in the Maclaurin series for cos (sinx) .

Qus 4. Find the first 3 terms in the Maclaurin series for sin(sinx) .

Qus 5. Find the first 3 terms of the Taylor series for the function sinπx centered at a=0.5 . Use your answer to find an approximate
value of sin ¿)
 sin ¿) = 0.9511
Q.6. a) Give definition of limit and continuity of a function f(x, y) at a point (a, b)

b) Evaluate the following limit:

xy + 4
(i) lim 2 2 Ans. 0
x→ ∞ x +2 y
y →2

2 xy +1
(ii) lim 2 2 Ans. ¼
x →0 x +y
y→2

x ( y−2)
(iii) lim y ( x−2) Ans. 1
x →1
y →1

c) Examine the continuity of the function at the origin

xy
f ( x , y )= , ( x , y ) ≠ ( 0,0 )
x + y2
2

¿ 0 , ( x , y )=( 0,0 ) Ans. Discontinuous

d) State Euler’s theorem related to mixed partial derivatives f xy & fyx. Verify the theorem for
the functions

(i) f(x, y) = ln (2x + 3y) & (ii) f(x, y) = x sin y + y six x + xy

Q.7. Find the values of at the point (1, 1, 1) if the equation xy + z 3x - 2 yz = 0 defines z as

a function of two independent variables x and y. Ans. -2

Q.8. Prove the following:

i) f(x, y) = e–2y cos2x satisfies the two–dimensional Laplace equation

δ2 f δ2 f
+ =0
δ x2 δ y2
2 2 2
δ f δ f δ f
ii) f(x, y, z) = e3x+4y cos5z satisfies the three–dimensional Laplace equation 2
+ 2 + 2 =0
δx δy δz

iii) using chain rule given that w = xy + z, x = cos t, y = sin t , z = t.

iv) and given that w = x + 2y + z2, x = r/s, y = r2+ln s, z = 2 r using chain rule.
dy F
=− x
v)
dx Fy and = - (Fxx - 2 Fx Fy Fxy + Fyy )/ given that the equation F(x, y) = 0 defines y
implicitly as a differentiable function of the independent variable x and F y  0.
 vi) and given that F(x, y, z) = 0 defines z implicitly as a differentiable function of the
independent variables x & y and Fz  0.

vii) 11Equation Section (Next) given that f(u, v, w) is a differentiable function.

Function with u = x– y, v = y – z, w = z – x.

viii) given that f(x, y, z) = 0.

ix) given that z = x + f(u) and u = xy.

Assignment-5
Q.1. (a) Define a homogenous function f(x, y) of degree n in the variables x and y.

(b) State and prove Euler’s theorem on homogenous functions. Verify it for the functions:

(i) u(x,y)= and (ii) u(x, y) = sin–1 + tan-1

(c) Apply Euler’s theorem on homogenous functions to prove the following:

(i) given that u(x, y) is a homogenous function of degree n in x and y.

 ∂u ∂u
x +y =
(ii) ∂ x ∂ y Sin 2u given that u = tan –1
.

(iii) given that z = x f(y/x) + g(y/x)

Q.2. (a) Give definitions of local minimum, local maximum & saddle point of a function f(x,y). Also define absolute minimum & maximum points of
the function f(x,y).

(b) If a function f(x,y) has continuous partial derivatives fx, ty, r = fxy, s = fxy, t = fyy at a point (a,b) & fx(a, b) = fy (a, b) =0, then write the conditions
which r, s, t should satisfy so as to have a local minimum, local maximum and saddle point at (a, b).

Ans. (i) rt−s 2>0∧r <0 at any point P ( a , b ), f(a , b ) is local maxima.

(ii)rt−s 2>0∧r >0 at any point P(a , b), f(a , b ) is local minima.
(iii)rt−s 2<0 at any point P(a , b), f(a , b ) is a saddle point.

(c) Find all the extreme and saddle points of the functions:
(i) f(x, y) = x2 + y2,
(ii) f(x, y) = y2 – x2 and
(iii) f(x, y) = xy – x2 – y2 – 2x – 2y +4
and their values at the extreme points.

Ans. (i) Local minimum point (0, 0) and the value of f at (0, 0) is f(0, 0) = 0. (ii) Saddle point (0, 0) (iii) Local maximum point (-2, -2) and the
value of f at (-2, -2) in f(-2, -2) = 8.

(d) Find the points at which the absolute extreme values of the function f(x, y) = 2+ 2x + 2y- x 2 – y2 on the triangular plate in the first quadrant
bounded by the lines x = 0, y = 0, y = 9 –x exist. Also write values of the function at these points.

Ans. (d) Absolute minimum of f (x) occurs at the points (0, 9) and (9, 0) and is f(0, 9) = f(9, 0) = -61; Absolute maximum of f(x) occurs at
the point (1, 1) and is f (1, 1) = 4.

Q.3. Use the method of undermined multipliers to solve the problems given below:

(a) Find the point P(x, y, z) closest to the origin on (i) the plane 2x+y-z-5=0 and (ii) the hyperbolic cylinder x 2–z2–1 = 0.

Ans. (i) (5/3, 5/6, -5/6) Distance of P for the origin is  2.04. (ii) (± 1, 0, 0) distance of these point from the origin is 1.

(b) Find the points on the curve of intersection of the plane x+y+z=1 and the cylinder x 2+y2=1 closest or farthest from the origin.
Ans. The points closest to the origin are (1, 0, 0) and (0, 1, 0) and their distance from the origin is 1; And the point farthest from the origin is

and its distance from the origin is .

(c) The temperature at a point (x, y) on a metal plate is T(x, y) = 4x 2 – 4xy + y2. An ant on the plane walks around the circle of radius 5
centered at the origin. What are the highest and lowest temperatures encountered by the ant?

Ans. The lowest temperature is 0º encountered at the points and the highest temperature is 125º

encountered at the points

Q.4. Write Taylor series expansion of the functions f(x,y) containing terms wherein the sum of powers of (x-a) & (y-b) is upto two in the following
cases:

(i) F(x,y) =tan-1 (y /x) when a =1, b=1

(ii) F(x,y) =ex log(1+y) when a =0, b = 0

 (iii ) Expand f (x+h,y+k) = in power of h & k containing terms wherein the sum of powers of h & k is upto two.
2 2
π ( x−1) ( y−1 ) ( x−1) ( y−1 )
Ans: (i) 4- 2 + 2 + 4 - 4 +………
2
y
(ii) y + xy - 2 +……
2 2 2 2
xy y h 2 xyhk x k
(iii ) x+ y + + - ( x+ y )3 + ( x+ y )3 - ( x+ y )3 +……..

Q.5. Estimate the value of (1.04)3.01 using taylor series. Ans. 1.12

x
Q.6. Write the expansion of f ( x , y )=e cos y about the point (0,0).

1 2
Ans.1+ x+ [ x − y 2 ]+ 1 [ x 3−3 y 2 x ]+ …
2 6

∂(u,v , w )
Q.7.(a) If u,v,w are functions of x,y,z, then define the Jacobian J = ∂( x , y , z) of u,v,w with respect to x,y,z.

(b) Establish the following:

∂(u,v ) ∂(u,v ) ∂(r , s)

(i) ∂( x , y ) = ∂(r , s) x ∂( x , y ) given that u,v are functions of r,s & r,s are functions of x,y.

∂(u,v )
(ii) ∂( x , y ) =1 given that u,v are functions of x,y & in turn x,y are functions of u,v.

(iii) = (-1)2 /
given that f1 (u1, u2, x1, x2) = f2 (u1 , u2 , x1, x2 ) =0 where u1, u2 are functions are functions of
x1 , x 2 .

∂( x , y , z)
(iv) ∂(u,v , w ) = 1/{ 2(x-y) (y-z) (z-x)} given that u = xyz, v =x 2+y2+z2, w = x+y+z, using the generalization of the result of part (iii) or otherwise
.

∂( x , y , z)
(v) ∂(u,v , w ) =u2 v given that u = x+y+z, uv =y+z, uvw =z, using the generalized result of part (iii) or otherwise.

(vi) If u=xy+ yz+ zx , v=x 2+ y 2 + z 2 , w=x + y + z , determine whether there is some functional relationship between them and if
so, find the relation between them.
2
Ans. Yes, Relation: w −v−2u=0