Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GNRALE
Introduction :
DSCG 6 (15 crdits ECTS) est une preuve de Grand oral dconomie se droulant
partiellement anglais :
Manuel de rfrence : DSCG 6 (Burland), foucher
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Droulement de lpreuve :
- Expos en franais 20 min
- Entretien en franais 20 min
- Entretien en anglais de 20 min soit au total une heure dpreuve
Document en anglais, la question traite en franais
Deux heures de prparation.
Ici, en CCA : deux mini preuves orales en M1 et M2
Pour chaque mini oral :
- Expos en anglais 20 min
- Entretien en anglais et en franais
- Sujet en anglais + texte en anglais prparer pendant 1 heure au lieu de 2
- Jury : Prof dco + prof anglais
M1 CCA : 40 heures dconomie gnrale (S1+S2)
+ examen portant sur sujet trait en classe :
- Expos structur en anglais (comprendre et sexprimer en anglais)
- Argumenter et dfendre ses ides de manires convaincantes (question en anglais et en
franais)
- Choix de la problmatique : cest un ensemble construit autour dune question
principale, des lignes danalyse qui permettront de traiter le sujet choisi
- Piste de structuration :
o QQOCQ qui ? quoi ? o ? comment ? quand ?
o SWOT strengths weaknesses opportunites treats
o Dialectique : position/thse (par expl avantage), opposition/antithse
(inconvnients), proposition/synthse
- Recommandations avant lpreuve : lecture active (fiche de notes), sentraner
largumentation,
- Recommandations pendant lpreuve : qualit dcoute, cohrence dans
largumentation, conviction, expos structur (introduction, dveloppement, conclusion)
- KISS : Kepp, It, Smart but, Simple
+ expos pour 15 premires personnes au 1er semestre et le reste au 2e semestre
pour nous familiariser au expos : argumentation structur
M2 CCA : 20 heures dconomie gnrale de septembre dcembre
+ examen pas forcment prpar en classe
LESSENTIEL
Chap. 1 : Les diffrentes formes de capitalisme
Capitalisme : systme ou rgime conomique caractris par
- Rgime de proprit rive des moyens de production et des biens
- Jeu de la concurrence sur les marchs et libert des changes
- Production : units majoritairement prives
- Recherche de profit au travers de laccumulation du capital.
- Etat : gendarme des intrts privs (Etat providences, acteur, rgulateur)
Etat providence :
- Providence conservateur : lEtat centralise et protge (expl : France, Italie)
- Providence libral : intervention minimaliste, flexible (expl : USA, UK)
- Providence social-dmocratie : citoyennet sociale inspire du socialisme, les units de
production sont prives (expl : Pays scandinaves)
Capitalisme pur : le March libre
- Atomicit du march : un trs grand nombre dacheteurs et de vendeurs incapables
de raliser des ententes ou associations
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Capitalisme USA :
- Le capitalisme amricain a t jusqu la fin de la 2e Guerre Mondiale marqu par un
protectionnisme important.
- la fin du 19e sicle, le capitalisme amricain a connu une concentration importante
dans la plupart des branches de lconomie. Ainsi fusionnaient les banques dun ct,
les compagnies ptrolires de lautre, et ainsi de suite.
- Modle ultralibral, lEtat joue quand mme un rle important dans le soutien de ses
entreprises, comme le montre les interventions protectionnistes rcentes. Les principales
caractristiques sur lesquelles se fondent ce modle cest la russite individuelle, le
profit financier court terme et la mdiatisation.
What is Capitalism ?
- The word capitalism is now quite commonly used to describe the social system in which
we now live. It is also often assumed that is has existed, if not forever, then for most of
human history. In fact, capitalism is a relatively new social system.
- But what exactly does capitalism mean?
Class division :
- Capitalism is the social system which now exists in all countries of the world. Under
this system, the means for producing and distributing goods (the land, factories,
technology, transport system etc) are owned by a small minority of people. We refer to
this group of people as the capitalist class. The majority of people must sell their ability
to work in return for wage or salary (who we refer to as the working class).
- There are two classes in society. It is a claim based upon simple facts about the society
we live in today. This class division is the essential feature of capitalism. It may be
popular to walk (usually vaguely) about various other classes existing such as the
middle class, but it is the understanding capitalism.
- It may not be exactly clear which class some relatively wealthy people are in. but there
ambiguity about the status of the vast majority of the worlds population. Members of
the capitalist class certainly know who they are. And most members of the working
class know that they need to work for a wage or salary in order to earn a living (or are
dependent upon somebody who does, or depend on state benefits).
The profit motive
In capitalism, the motive for producing goods and services is to sell them for a profit, not to
satisfy peoples needs. The products of capitalist production have to find a buyer, of course, but
this is only incidental to the main aim of making a profit, of ending up with more money than
was originally invested. This is not a theory that we have thought up but a fact you can easily
confirm for yourself by reading the financial press. Production is started not by reading the
financial press. Production is started not by what consumers are prepared to pay for to satisfy
their needs but by what the capitalists calculate can be sold at a profit. Those goods may satisfy
human needs but those needs will not be met if people do not have sufficient money.
Leon 2
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contrairement ce qui est souvent affirm, chaque systme national ses propres avantages et
que la thse affirme du one best system , selon laquelle les pays convergeraient vers un
modle suppos plus performent, doit tre relativis.
Anglais : The future of Europes economy (doc 2-A)
Suite vocabulaire :
60 : Witness : tmoin
61 : Grumbles : expression of discontent ; to grumble : grogner
62 : Wage restraint : modration salariale
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3e rvolution industrielle :
- 1e gnration en 70 : caractris par apparition de microinformatique et
microlectronique
- Et depuis 90 nos jours, deuxime volet de la rvolution industrielle avec les
nouvelles technologies
Doc 3-B
Leon 4
12
Facteurs de la croissance
4 grands facteurs lorigine de la croissance du PIB (produit intrieur brut) :
- Accroissement du capital productif par des investissements
- Augmentation de la population active
- Demande soutenue en biens de consommation et dinvestissement
- Facteurs rsiduels difficilement chiffrables expl : conomie dchelle.
Croissance (Adam Smith)
Adam Smith : La croissance smithienne se caractrise par gains de productivit quune
meilleure organisation du travail rend possible sans changer fondamentalement les
techniques de productions.
Croissance (Schumpeter)
La croissance rsulte de cinq formes dinnovation (cration dun nouveau produit,
satisfaction dun nouveau besoin, amlioration de la qualit, la conqute de nouveaux
dbouchs et les nouvelles mthodes de production).
Croissance (Rostow)
La dynamique de la croissance passe par 5 phases :
- Situation initiale
- La socit traditionnelle (phase de dcollage)
- Le dmarrage
- Marche vers la maturit
- Consommation de masse
Diffrents progrs
- Technologique
- Technique : utilisation plus efficace des facteurs de production
- conomiques : accrotre les revenus des producteurs ou diminuer les prix pay par les
consommateurs
- Progrs social : justice sociale, quit
Question :
Une croissance riche en emploi est-elle possible dans une conomie mondialise ?
Leon 5
tude section I
Idiosyncrasiques = qualit individuelle des individus
14
Leon 6
tude section II
Leon 7
tude section III
Leon 8
Question 5: What does Phelps mean by a natural rate of unemployment? What economic
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Lconomie de service prend de plus en plus de place dans le monde entranant une
tertiarisation de lconomie.
Dveloppement du capital immatriel. Le capital immatriel inclut les recherches et
dveloppement, le capital humain, le droit de proprit intellectuel, les logiciels,
Nouveaux Enjeux :
Capacits produire et utiliser la connaissance :
-
La formation
La publicit
La recherche et dveloppement
Ralisation et acquisition de logiciels
Investissement de lEtat :
-
Leon 10
tude du chapitre III.
Question du manuel :
Question : En quoi peut-on considrer quon est rentr dans lconomie de limmatriel ?
18
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Chapitre 4 :
comptitivit
Rseaux,
territoires,
ples
de
de fabriquer ou de faire fabriquer. Or, dans la ralit, le produit est souvent le rsultat (ex
post) des choix organisationnels, le fruit de la coopration entre lentreprise, ses fournisseurs,
ses sous-traitants, etc. Richardson voque la notion de la coopration inter firmes.
Ex-ant (le produit est tout de suite fabriqu en amont)= contraire de ex post (= il y a des
besoins exprims qui fait que lentreprise choisi de fabriquer tel ou tel produit).
B- Le modle japonais dAOKI
Aoki montre limportance des relations horizontales (sans intervention de la hirarchie) au sein
des organisations. Il insiste aussi sur ladquation entre les mcanismes incitatifs et la structure
organisationnelle. Il donne comme exemple le modle japonais combinant coordination
dcentralise et incitations centralises. Ce modle cre un climat de confiance et encourage
mme une participation active dans le processus dinnovation. Ce modle procure des quasirentes relationnelles, dans le sens quelles naissent de lefficacit spciale, au plan de
linformation des relations contractuelles dans le groupe de sous-traitants. La coordination
horizontale a des consquences sur la gestion de ressources humaines, la gouvernance des
entreprises et ses relations avec ses partenaires financiers.
IV- Rseaux et organisations complexes
A- La thorie de lagence propose une vision contractuelle de la firme. Elle suppose des
individus parfaitement rationnels. La relation principal-agent, qui le caractrise est un jeu non
coopratif puisque chacune des deux parties cherche dformer la relation son avantage.
Lobjectif pour le principal est de trouver les bonnes incitations qui lui permettront doptimiser
le comportement de lagent : cd la conduite rvler ses informations et/ou ne pas adopter de
comportements opportunistes.
Exemple concret :
Principal = Actionnaires
Agent = Manager ou Dirigeant
Nud du problme : actionnaire sattend que agent uvre en sa faveur et lobjectif pour le
principal est de trouver les motivations pour que cela soit le cas.
B- Lentreprise virtuelle : concept ou ralit
Lentreprise virtuelle est dfinie aujourdhui comme un nud de contrats ; son but est de
saffranchir des contraintes spatiotemporelles pour mieux sadapter au cycle de production et
un environnement turbulent.
Les dirigeants ont systmatiquement recours la sous-traitance, aux diffrentes formes de
partenariat et lutilisation intensive des TIC. Les dirigeants coordonnent par les contrats un
maillage dacteurs indpendants auxquels ils confient la totalit des fonctions : conception,
production, logistique, commercialisation, comptabilit, informatique,
Lobjectif est dobtenir une flexibilit maximale et minimiser les cots fixes en dduisant
lintensit capitalistique (locaux, matriels, stocks, ).
Maillage dacteurs : lagent ne ralise pas elle-mme lactivit proprement dite.
24
Principal = Actionnaires
Agent = Manager ou Dirigeant
-> sous traitants, fournisseurs
C- La thorie volutionniste
-
26
Leon 15 : Section 1 et 2
Test : Buy our stuff, save the planet
Summaries + WHO WHAT WHERE WHEN HOW
Who ? data center
What ?
Where ? USA, in Internet word
When it is about? Quand ? now days
How ? to packtises
revoir
Leon 16
a- Lapproche comptable
Elle vise mesurer la cration de richesse partir dhyp thorique et de conventions de calculs :
Activit marchande :
- Elle qualifie de marchande une activit dont le prix de loutput est dtermin sur un
march. Ce prix simpose au producteur et doit lui permettre de couvrir au minimum
son cot de revient.
- Daprs la comptabilit nationale franaise, la production marchande (PM) est la
production coule ou tre coule sur un march .
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EXAMEN DCONOMIE :
7 groupes de 5 personnes (Un groupe de 4) et 7 sujets diffrents.
2 groupes par demi-groupe.
Examen le 3 et 4 juin.
1h de prparation.
15 min par personnes, 20 min maxi
Pour la dernire personne passer
Mon GROUPE : 6 (six) - > 4 juin 10h
Textes : 7 chapitres -> 3 textes par chapitre en alatoire.
Total : 21 textes rvis 2 textes danglais (total=14) + 1 texte co (total=7)
1- Macro crdit,
2- Online paiement,
3- The future on europe economy,
4- Trade before tarif
5- Another day, another 1,08
6- Natural choice
(by save the planet NON)
Idem : battle at chekout, the squeze on
En fin de compte que 6 textes pour lco.
Horaire :
8h-10H -> 10H30- 13h
Droulement de lexamen :
Rsum du texte en identifiant la problmatique, expos sur le texte 5min avec pb->
Prsentation
+ Questions en anglais de rflexion
+ 2 questions prcises en franais sur la connaissance du cours (10 20% de la notation)
-> ces deux questions ne porte que sur le rsum des chapitres.
Pour le chapitre 7, se pencher surtout sur les 3 auteurs entoures.
34