Unit1: Tenses

[Link] simple
Usage
- Use to describe a habitual actions or permanent
routines.
Ex: we usually go up to the cabin on the
weekends.
- An action happens in the reality(may not at the
time of speaking).
Ex : she works in the HR department of the
company.
- For timetables/schedules/programmes/etc that
attachs with future meaning.
Ex : the bus leaves at 4 and arives in Boston at 9
- Describe a (obvious) truth.
Ex:ice melts in the Sun.
- The sequence of actions at present.
Ex : I open the door and see her on the floor.
- With adverbs of frequency( always,
often,sometimes, …)
Ex : tim always góe to school on foot.
[Link] continous.
Usage
- For actions in progress at the time of speaking.
Ex : the book I’m reading now is a page-turnner.
- For temporary actions or temporary repetition.
Ex : we’re reading Hemingway at school this
week .
- For aranged actions or plans for the near future.
Ex : I’m leaving this afternoon.
- With always, continually, forever,emphasizing
that the action happens very often.
Ex : my little sister is never doing the right thing
I want her to do.
- For changing situations or developments.
Ex : her work is improving as each day goes by.
*** stative verbs***
- is a type of verb that describes a state, thought,
feeling, perception, or possession of a person or
thing, rather than a specific action.
* Just describes state, not action.
Scope:
- Thoughts and opinions: believe, know,
understand, think, recognize, doubt,..
- Emotions and feelings: love, like, hate, want,
wish,…
- Senses and perception: appear, seem, hear,
smell, taste, see, feel,…
- Possession and measurement: belong, have,
own, weigh,…
*** stative verbs in the progress***
- When they express a consious effort or action or
when thay assume a different meaning.
Ex : I have an old car. (state – possession).
I'm having a quick break. (action – having a
break is an activity).
Ex : Do you see any problems with that? (state –
opinion).
 We're seeing Tadanari tomorrow afternoon.
(action – we're meeting him).
Ex : He's so interesting! (state – his permanent
quality).
He's being very unhelpful. (action – he is
temporarily behaving this way).
Ex : This coffee tastes delicious. (state – our
perception of the coffee).
Look! The chef is tasting the soup. (action –
tasting the soup is an activity).
- Other verbs like this include: agree, appear,
doubt, feel, guess, hear, imagine, look, measure,
remember, smell, weigh, wish,…
[Link] present perfect.
- For completed past actions( time is not
mentioned).
Ex: she’s gone to the mall.
*Also used with adverb of incomplete
time( today,this week, this month, this year ,…)
- an action that started in the past and is
continuing in the present.
Ex:when I come back, they still have argued in
their room.
- an action that was done in the past and is still
done now.
Ex :she has watched that film 5 times since its
appearance.
- an action that has just happened( but if we
continue to talk it in detail, we use past simple )
Ex:I’ve just cooked up a dish for you.
- an action happened in the past but its
consequences still affect the present.
Ex:her parent were on the fence about making a
decision about the doctor’s coperation way. So far,
she has died.
* Has been in/ has been to/ has gone to
She has been to the USA( she has gone and come
back/ she has visited it).
She has been in the USA for 2 years.(she lives
there).
She has gone to the USA.(she is there now and
hasn’t come back).
4. present perfect progressive.
Usage
- for a repeated action that began in the past,
continues into the present, and may continue
into the future.
Ex: I’ve been working hard over the last few days.
- for continuous action repeated over and over
again.
Ex:the phone has been ringing all day.
- for recently finished actions with a visible result
in the present.
Ex:I’ve been running. That’s why I looks so tired.
*some verbs such as live, stay, wait, work,
study, can be used in the siple present perfect
instead off thr present perfect continous
without any difference in meaning.
* NOTE:
 - I have been here for 2 weeks.(I arrived 2
weeks ago.)
- I am here for 2 weeks.(I’ve arranged to stay
for 2 weeks.)
5. past simple.
Usage:
- For completed past actions(time mentioned).
Ex : we arrived at the cinema last night.
- For habitual or repeated past actions.
Ex : the children always played in the garden.
- For actions that happened sequentlt in the past.
Ex : I brushed my teeth , then I went to bed.
- For actions that stregthened for a long time , but
ended in the past.
Ex : my mom used to be good at cooking.
*used to/get used to/ would.
- Used to + infinitive(past habitual action/state).
- Be/ get used to gerung/ noun(habitual action).
- Would(repeated past action and routine).
6. past progressive
Usage
- For past actons in progress at a specific of time.
Ex:
- For temporary action in the past.
Ex :
- Use with always, continually, forever forr
emphasize the action in the past.
Ex :
- For actions happened and stregthened sequently
in a time in the past.
Ex
- 1 hđ diễn ra thì một hđ khác xảy ra (hđ lâu hơn
dùng thì tiếp diễn)
Vd
 - Hđ xảy ra cùng lúc.
Vd
7) past perfect simple.
- hđ xảy ra tc hđ đã xảy ra trong qk
Ex
- Hđ xảy ra tc 1 thời điểm trong qk.
Ex
- Hđ xảy ra và kéo dài đến 1 thời điểm trong qk.
Ex
8)past perfect continous
- hđ đã xảy ra và kéo dài liên tục tới 1 thời điểm
trong qk.
Ex
- hđ đã xảy ra và kéo dài liên tục tới 1 hđ trong qk
khác xảy ra.
Ex
Sự vc vừa ms end có ảnh hưởng và kq tại một thời
điểm trong qk.
Ex
9) future simple/ be going to
-