I HC QUC GIA H NI TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN ---------- ----------

CNG MN HC GHI NHN V O LNG BC X HT NHN

1. Thng tin v ging vin: - H v tn: ng Th Phng Nam - Ging vin chnh, MS c of Environmental Physics - B mn Vt l ht nhn, KhoaVt l - Tel: 0916840189 - Email: dangtpnam@hn.vnn.vn - Hng nghin cu chnh: Phng x mi trng 2. Thng tin mn hc: - Tn mn hc: Ghi nhn v o lng bc x ht nhn - M mn hc - Gi tn ch i vi cc hot ng hc tp: + Nghe ging l thuyt trn lp: 18 + Lm bi tp trn lp: 6 + Tho lun trn lp: 3 + Thc hnh trong phng th nghim: 0 + Thc tp ngoi hin trng: 0 + T hc: 3 - n v ph trch mn hc: B mn Vt l ht nhn - Khoa: Vt l - Mn hc tin quyt: 30, 39 3. Mc tiu ca mn hc: - Mc tiu v kin thc: Nm vng c ch tng tc bc x ht nhn vi mi trng vt cht. Nm vng c tnh ca tng loi detecto ng dng trong nhng bi ton thc t. Nm vng nguyn l c bn phn tch v ghi nhn ph bc x. - Mc tiu v k nng: C kh nng vn dng kin thc ng dng trong nhng bi ton thc ghi nhn v phn tch phng x.

4. Tm tt ni dung mn hc: Mn hc cp ti c ch tng tc bc x ht nhn vi mi trng vt cht, cc c tnh ca tng loi detecto ng dng trong nhng bi ton thc t, cc nguyn l c bn phn tch v ghi nhn ph bc x. 5. Ni dung chi tit mn hc: Chng 1. Cc ngun phng x
1.1. Ngun 1.2. Ngun

1.2.1 Phn r 1.2.2 Bin hon trong 1.2.3 Electron Auger 1.3. Bc x in t 1.3.1 Ngun 1.3.2 Bc x hy 1.4. Ngun notron 1.4.1T phn chia 1.4.2Phn ng ht nhn 1.5. 2.1. n v phng x ngun Tng tc ht tch in nng vi vt cht Chng 2. Tng tc bc x ht nhn vi vt cht 2.1.1 Bn cht tng tc 2.1.2 Nng lng hao ph tuyn tnh 2.1.3 ng cong hao ph nng lng- ng cong Bragg 2.1.4 Qung chy ca ht 2.1.5 Hao ph nng lng ring 2.1.6 Qung chy ca electron v ng cong truyn qua 2.2. Tng tc ca bc x vi vt cht 2.2.1 Bn cht tng tc 2.2.2 Hm suy gim 2.3. Tng tc notron vi vt cht 2.3.1 Tnh cht chung 2.3.2 Tng tc notron chm 2.3.3 Tng tc notron nhanh

2.3.4 Tit din notron Chng 3 c trng chung ca Detecto

3.1. Mu Detecto n gin 3.2. Thi gian hng ng 3.3. 3.4. 3.5.

Hm hng ng Phn gii nng lng Hiu sut ghi

3.6. Thi gian cht

Chng 4 Detecto ion ha 4.1 Qu trnh in ha trong cht kh 4.1.1 C ch in ha 4.1.2 S to cp in 4.1.3 S khuych tn, truyn in tch v ti hp 4.2 S dch chuyn in tch v thu in tch 4.2.1 linh ng in tch 4.2.2 Dng in ha 4.2.3 Mt vi yu t nh hng dng bo ha 4.3 Thit k v nguyn tc hot ng ca bung in ha ch dng 4.3.1 Kho st chung 4.3.2 o dng in ha 4.4 Thit k v nguyn tc hot ng ca bung in ha ch th 4.4.1 Kho st chung 4.4.2 Biu thc xung th 4.4.3 Bung li Chng 5 ng m t l 5.1 Khuych i kh 5.1.1 To thc l 5.1.2 Vng hot ng ca detecto cha kh 5.1.3 Chn hnh hc ca ng m t l 5.2 Thit k ng m t l 5.2.1 ng m t l np kh gn kn 5.2.2 ng m t l thi kh khng ca s 5.2.3 Kh np trong ng m t l

5.3

c tnh ca ng m t l 5.3.1 H s khuych i kh 5.3.2 nh hng ca in tch khng gian 5.3.3 phn gii nng lng 5.3.4 c tnh thi gian ca xungtn hiu

5.4 6.1

ng dng ca ng m t l Nguyn tc pht hin nhp nhy 6.1.1 Vt liu nhp nhy v c 6.1.2 Vt liu nhp nhy hu c

Chng 6 Detecto nhp nhy

6.2 6.3 6.4

Hiu sut nh sng Hiu sut ghi ca detecto nhp nhyi vi tng loi bc x Cu to ng nhn quang in 6.4.1 S cu to ng nhn quang in 6.4.2 Phtcatt 6.4.3 Khuych i electron

6.5

Tnh cht ca ng nhn quang in 6.5.1 Ngun cao th v b chia th 6.5.2 Dng xung tn hiu

6.6

Ph bc x vi detecto nhp nhy 6.6.1 Detecto kch thc nh 6.6.2 Detecto kch thc ln

6.7 6.8 7.1

Phn gii nng lng Chun nng lng c tnh bn dn 7.1.1 Cu trc vng nng lng 7.1.2 Phn t mang in 7.1.3 S dch chuyn phn t ti in trong in trng

Chng 7 Detecto bn dn

7.2

Hiu ng khng tinh khit 7.2.1 Bn dn tinh khit (thun) 7.2.2 Bn dn loi n 7.2.3 Bn dn loi p

7.2.4 Bn dn b tr 7.3 Lp tip xc p-n 7.3.1 Vng ngho 7.3.2 Nguyn tc cu to ca detecto bn dn 7.4 Bc x in ha trong cht bn dn 7.4.1 Nng lng in ha 7.4.2 H s Fano 7.5 Cc loi detecto bn dn 7.5.1 Detecto tip xc Si 7.5.1.1 Kho st chung 7.5.1.2 Detecto tip xc khuych tn 7.5.1.3 Detecto hng ro mt 7.5.1.4 Detecto khc ion 7.5.1.5 Detecto Si(Li) 7.5.2 Detecto Ge 7.5.2.1 Detecto Ge(Li) 7.5.2.2 Detecto HPGe 6. Hc liu: - Hc liu bt buc: 1. Bi ging ghi nhn o lng v bc x ht nhn - Hc liu tham kho: 2. G.F.Knoll, Radiation and Measurement, John Wiley& Sons Press, New York 1999 3. C.F.G.Delaney and E.C. Finch, Radiation Detectors, Clarendon Press Oxford, 1998 4. W.R.Leo, Techniques for Nuclear and Particle, Springer-Verlag Press, Berlin, 1992 5. G.Kirchner, Lecture Notes in Environmental Physics, summer 2001, University of Bremen, Germany

7. Hnh thc t chc dy hc: 7.1. Lch trnh chung: Ni dung L thuyt Chng 1 Chng 2 Chng 3 Chng 4 Chng 5 Chng 6 Chng 7 Tng 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 18 1 1 2 6 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 Hnh thc t chc dy hc mn hc Ln lp Bi tp Tho lun Thc hnh, th nghim T hc, t nghin cu 2 5 4 3 5 5 6 30 Tng

7.2. Lch trnh dy hc c th Tun 1 Ni dung chnh Cc ngun phng x Tng tc ca ht Lm bi tp tch in nng, electron nhanh vi vt cht Yu cu sinh vin chun b Hnh thc t chc dy hc Kin thc ct li

Gio vin Phn bit cc loi ngun ging bi Gio vin Tng tc ca bc x ging bi ht nhn vi vt cht

vin Tng tc ca bc x Tng tc ca , xut kin Gio notron vi vt cha sng t, ging bi. T ht nhn vi vt cht hay hi su hn nghin cu cht v bi ging c trng chung Lm bi tp ca detecto Detecto ion ha Gio vin c trng chung ca ging bi. detecto ca detecto

Chun b ni Gio vin c tnh dung cho bui ging bi ion ha

tho lun 6 Detecto ion ha tip Tho lun

T nghin Gio vin ng dng ca detecto ging ion ha bi.Tho lun Gio vin Qu trnh khuych i ging bi kh trong ng m t l. Kh np trong ng m t l

Khuych i kh

Lm bi tp

Thit k ng m xut kin Gio vin ng m t l np kh t l cha sng t, ging bi. T gn kn v ng m t l hay hi su hn nghin cu thi kh khng ca s v bi ging c tnh v ng Tho lun dng ca ng m t l Gio vin c tnh ca ng m t ging l v ng dng ca ng bi.Tho lun m t l

10

Detecto nhp nhy

Lm bi tp

Gio vin Nguyn tc pht hin ging bi nhp nhy, hiu sut nh sng. Hiu sut ghi ca detecto nhp nhy

11

ng nhn quang xut kin Gio vin Ngun cao th v b in cha sng t, ging bi chia th. Dng xung tn hay hi su hn hiu v bi ging Ph bc x vi detecto nhp nhy Lm bi tp Gio vin Ph bc x vi ging bi. detecto nhp nhy NaI(Tl) kch thc nh v ln

12

13

c tnh bn dn.

Chun b ni Gio vin Bn dn loi n , p dung cho bui ging bi. T tho lun nghin cu Tho lun Gio vin Nguyn tc cu to ca
7

14

Nguyn tc cu

to ca detecto bn dn 15 Cc loi detecto Lm bi tp bn dn

ging bi Tho lun

detecto bn dn

Gio vin Cc loi detecto bn ging bi dnSi v Ge

8. Yu cu ca ging vin vi mn hc: - V iu kin t chc ging dy mn hc: Ging ng , bng en. - i vi sinh vin: Sinh vin phi tham gia gi ln lp,chun b kin cho bui tho lun, lm bi tp . 9. Phng php v hnh thc kim tra nh gi 9.1. Cc loi dim dnh gi v trng s ca tng loi: - im t hc, ng gp chun b tho lun: 20% - im kim tra gia k: 30% - im kim tra cui k : 50% 9.2. Lch thi v kim tra - Kim tra gia k: sau tun th 8 - Kim tra cui k: sau khi kt thc mn hc hai tun - Thi li: sau k thi chnh t 3-5 tun 9.3. Tiu ch nh gi cc loi bi tp v nhim v m ging vin giao cho sinh vin: - ng gp chun b tho lun tt, sng ta. Lm bi tp .
DUYT CA TRNG KT. HIU TRNG H KHTN PH HIU TRNG P.CH NHIM KHOA GING VIN

PGS.TS. Bi Duy Cam

GS.TS. Nguyn Quang Bu