Solution Outline for Additional Mathematics Project Work 1 2012 JOHOR EDUCATION DEPARTMENT MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MALAYSIA ADDITIONAL

MATHEMATICS PROJECT WORK 1/2012 SOLUTION OUTLINE

Example Students 1 2 3 . . 50 Pulse rate ( bpm beats per minute ) Before After

(a) (i) Mean , Mode and Median for the ungrouped data before the exercise
(ii) Accept any suitable answer. For teenager and adults, the current standard for a normal pulse is 60 to 100 beats per minute. Your pulse rate will be faster when you exercise or under stress or having fever. When you're resting, your pulse rate will be slower. To have a pulse below 60 beats per minute is to have insufficient beating of the heart and weakness in the body. Sometimes, a low heart rate is brought on by vascular heart disease or immunity problems. A pulse over 100 beats per minute is not healthy unless you are a newborn. (b) Mean, Mode and Median for the ungrouped data after the exercise

(c) Based on the sample data collected above

(accept any answer using suitable class interval) Pulse rate ( bpm ) Frequency

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Solution Outline for Additional Mathematics Project Work 1 2012

(i) Example of three statistical graphs a) Histogram b) Frequency Polygon c) Bar Chart

(ii)Mean, x =

N F 2 c Median from ogive or using formula. Median = L + fm

Mode by using histogram (d) Measure of Central Tendency Mean Mode Median Ungrouped data Grouped data

fx f

Mean, mode and median obtained in (b) is more accurate compared to (c). All the values are taken into consideration while calculating mean, mode and median in part (b), whereas, in part (c) values are calculated based on class interval or midpoint. (e) Finding standard deviation Method 1 : Using calculator Method 2 : Using formula 1 Pulse rate Frequency , f Class midpoint,x x2 fx2 fx

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Solution Outline for Additional Mathematics Project Work 1 2012

x =

fx f

2 =

fx 2 ( x ) 2 f

Method 3 : Using formula 2 Pulse rate Frequency , f Class midpoint,x (x- x )2 f(x- x )2 fx

x =

fx f f ( x x )2 f

2 =

Method 4 : Using Excel - Show the table by using MS Excel. Use function and choose statistical category and then click STDEV.

The value of the standard deviation indicates how far the values are dispersed from the value of mean obtained.

FURTHER EXPLORATIONS
(a) Resting Heart Rate (RHR) is the number of beats for 60 seconds which is done during
the morning ( after getting up from sleep) before doing any exercise. (For an adult, a normal resting heart rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. For a well-trained athlete, a normal resting heart rate is approximate to 40 beats per minute.) (b) Maximum Heart Rate (MHR) = 220 age. Target Heart Rate (THR) = (MHR RHR) x 0.6 + RHR - lower limit

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Solution Outline for Additional Mathematics Project Work 1 2012

Target Heart Rate (THR) = (MHR RHR) x 0.8 + RHR - upper limit

(c) Use the formula in (a) and (b) to get RHR, MHR and THR for students
(i) mother / father/ guardian (ii) 2 teachers

(iii)2 friends ( athlete and not an athlete)

(d) Accept any suitable answer Pulse rates vary from person to person. Your pulse is lower when you are at rest and increases when you exercise (because more oxygen-rich blood is needed by the body when you exercise). Many things can cause changes in your normal heart rate, including your age, activity level, and the time of day. Your target heart rate can guide you how hard you should exercise so you can get the most aerobic benefit from your workout. The pulse rate can be used to check overall heart health and fitness level. Generally lower pulse rate is better. Keep in mind that many factors can influence heart rate, including:
Activity level Fitness level Air temperature Body position (standing up or lying down, for example) Emotions Body size Medication use Age etc

Although there's a wide range of normal heart rate, an unusually high or low heart rate may indicate an underlying problem. Consult your doctor if your resting heart rate is consistently above 100 beats per minute (tachycardia) or below 60 beats per minute (bradycardia); especially if you have other signs or symptoms, such as fainting, dizziness or shortness of breath. You gain the most benefits and lessen the risks when you exercise in your target heart rate zone. Usually this is when your exercise heart rate (pulse) is 60 percent to 80 percent of your maximum heart rate.

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Solution Outline for Additional Mathematics Project Work 1 2012

To find out if you are exercising in your target zone (between 60 percent and 80 percent of your maximum heart rate), stop exercising and check your 10-second pulse. If your pulse is below your target zone, increase your rate of exercise. If your pulse is above your target zone, decrease your rate of exercise.

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