COLLEGE OF COMPUTING, INFORMATICS AND MATHEMATICS

BACHELOR OF INFORMATION SCIENCE (HONS) INFORMATION SYSTEM

MANAGEMENT (CDIM262)

DECISION THEORY
(IMS555)

GROUP ASSIGNMENT:
INTERNET ACCESS: HOW MALAYSIA CAN TIGHTEN THE SCREWS

PREPARED BY:
YASMIN NADIRAH BINTI KAMARUDDIN​ (2024212858)
SITI ARNIEZA BINTI MASRANINI (2024632016)
NURFARAH BINTI KHAIRUDIN​ ​ (2024266354)

GROUP:
IMS555 / CDIM2623A

PREPARED FOR:
DR. FADHILAH BINTI AMAN

SUBMISSION DATE:
26 JANUARY 2025
 GROUP ASSIGNMENT:
INTERNET ACCESS: HOW MALAYSIA CAN TIGHTEN THE SCREWS

PREPARED BY:
YASMIN NADIRAH BINTI KAMARUDDIN​ (2024212858)
SITI ARNIEZA BINTI MASRANINI (2024632016)
NURFARAH BINTI KHAIRUDIN​ ​ (2024266354)

GROUP:
IMS555 / CDIM2623A

COLLEGE OF COMPUTING, INFORMATICS AND MATHEMATICS

MARA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (UiTM), SHAH ALAM PUNCAK PERDANA
CAMPUS
OCTOBER 2024 - FEBRUARY 2025

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Assalamualaikum, and peace be upon you. First of all, we are grateful for the blessings of Allah
S.W.T. for His grace and consent. We can successfully complete the group project. While
working on this assignment, we benefited from the assistance and guidance of several
esteemed individuals, to whom we are deeply grateful.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Dr. Fadhilah Binti Aman for her invaluable
guidance and support throughout the completion of this project. Her consultations provided us
with excellent guidelines, greatly contributing to our understanding and successful completion of
the work.

Additionally, we like to express our sincere gratitude to everyone who contributed to the
completion of this group project. We would also like to extend our deepest gratitude to everyone
who directly guided us in completing this project. We acknowledge and value the efforts of each
team member for their dedication, hard work, and collaboration.

Lastly, we extend our heartfelt gratitude to our friends and classmates for their unwavering
support and assistance throughout this project. Their encouragement, insights, and
collaboration were invaluable and deeply appreciated. Thank you for standing by us every step
of the way.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

NO. CONTENT PAGE

1.0 INTRODUCTION 4-5

2.0 INTERNET ACCESS IN MALAYSIA 6-7

3.0 SWOT ANALYSIS 8

3.1 STRENGTHS 9

3.2 WEAKNESS 10

3.3 OPPORTUNITIES 11

3.4 THREATS 12

4.0 DECISION MATRIX PROCESS 13 - 15

5.0 STRATEGY ON THE EXECUTION OF INTERNET ACCESS 16

IN MALAYSIA

5.1 ALTERNATIVES STRENGTHENING MALAYSIA’S INTERNET 16 - 19

ACCESS

5.2 STATE OF NATURE IN INTERNET ACCESS 20 - 22

6.0 CONCLUSION 23

7.0 REFERENCES 24 - 25

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

Having internet access these days has been an essential part of our lives as it serves as a
gateway to information, communication, and opportunities that were once unimaginable. The
Internet is also considered the backbone of the world since it contributes numerous benefits
such as connecting people across the globe, enabling remote work and education, facilitating
business operations, and providing a platform for creativity and self-expression. In many ways,
the internet is no longer just a luxury but a necessity, driving social and economic progress while
shaping the way we interact with the world around us.

Even though the Internet offers numerous advantages and stands as one of the most influential
innovations, it also comes with its share of drawbacks, particularly in how governments navigate
the fine line between regulation and censorship. For example, based on the article BenarNews
in 2023 has mentioned Malaysia submitted 2,202 requests to remove over 6,000 pieces of
content, with 1,862 of these requests occurring between July and December. This marked a
significant increase from 75 requests in 2022. Malaysia's recent surge in content takedown
requests to TikTok highlights the challenges of managing harmful content while safeguarding
freedom of expression. While such measures are often justified as necessary to combat
disinformation, hate speech, and threats to societal harmony, they also raise concerns about
overreach, political motivations, and the potential suppression of dissenting voices.

Based on the Straits Times (2024), Malaysia made the greatest number of requests worldwide
for content removal on TikTok, with over a quarter of the requests for global takedown coming
from Malaysia which occurred during the second half of 2023. Some people are debating how
far this is going to go. And why all this censorship is happening? Despite involvement from
nations like Australia, Indonesia and Singapore, the submission raised eyebrows here and
abroad. The critics say that there seems to be a bigger plan behind such a big increase in this
moderation. On the flip side, backers of the overhaul claim that ensuring regulation of social
media platforms is a must to curtail misinformation, protect public safety, and uphold cultural and
communal values. This process of solidifying means that ensuring freedom or controlling
content just might not be enough.

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The social media governance trend has wider implications for global transparency,
accountability, and the extent to which global platforms should respect local laws without
compromising on democratic principles. What can Malaysia do to solve the issues without
having an unfree and unfair digital world? Therefore, this introduction has set the stage for a
deep dive into the realities of Internet governance in Malaysia. By exploring its motivations,
strategies, and repercussions, we will look at how Malaysia can balance its act so that
tightening the screws of restricting internet access does not encumber people’s fundamental
rights.

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2.0 INTERNET ACCESS IN MALAYSIA

Internet connection has become an essential part of Malaysia's socio-economic development in

recent years, impacting a variety of sectors like education, healthcare, and commerce. Malaysia
has a remarkable 90% internet penetration rate as of 2023, which is a significant rise over
previous years. The increase might be due to a mix of fixed broadband and mobile data
services, which provide faster and more reliable connections, especially in larger cities as
compared with rural ones. The Malaysian government has started a number of activities to
address the digital divide because it is aware of how important internet access is. The National
Fiberization and Connectivity Plan (NFCP) is an important effort with the objective of improving
broadband infrastructure nationwide, particularly in areas with limited access.

​ ​ Figure 1: Internet Penetration Rate in Malaysia 2014-2023

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Furthermore, a lot of people still struggle with digital literacy since they lack the abilities needed
to use internet platforms efficiently. With higher speeds and more dependable connections, 5G
technology is predicted to completely transform internet access in Malaysia. This development
could improve several industries, such as telemedicine and e-commerce, and help smart cities
expand. But in order for these advantages to materialize, it is imperative that all parties involved
government organizations, commercial enterprises, and academic institutions work together to
solve the current problems. Malaysia can guarantee that every citizen has the chance to
prosper in a world that is becoming more interconnected by cultivating an inclusive digital
environment.

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3.0 SWOT ANALYSIS

A SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool that identifies and assesses the strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with a specific project, organisation, or
circumstance. The framework assists organisations in understanding their internal capabilities
and limitations (Strengths and Weaknesses), as well as examining external elements that may
influence their success which are Opportunities and Threats. Decision-makers can create plans
that capitalise on opportunities, address weaknesses, utilise strengths, and minimise dangers
by methodically examining these four elements. In addition to supporting strategic planning, this
all-encompassing approach cultivates a deeper comprehension of the competitive environment,
empowering organisations to make wise decisions and successfully adjust to shifting conditions.
All things considered, a SWOT analysis is a useful method for improving organizational
performance and accomplishing long-term objectives.

Figure 2: SWOT Analysis

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3.1 STRENGTHS

●​ High Internet Penetration: As of early 2024, Malaysia boasts an impressive internet

penetration rate of roughly 97.4%. This high degree of connectivity provides a strong
basis for future developments in digital infrastructure and services. Malaysia is in a good
position to make use of the advantages of a connected society, such as improved
communication, information access, and involvement in the global digital economy since
almost all of its citizens are online.

●​ Government Effort: Through programs like the National Digital Plan (JENDELA), the
Malaysian government has demonstrated a strong commitment to reaching 100%
internet coverage by 2025. In order to mobilise resources and secure support for
infrastructure development, this proactive strategy is crucial. Government support not
only makes investments easier but also encourages public-private partnerships that
might hasten the nationwide implementation of Internet services.

●​ Expanding E-commerce Market: With more people having access to the internet and a
younger, tech-savvy populace, Malaysia is seeing a boom in e-commerce, which offers
substantial economic prospects. The demand for digital services and infrastructure is
rising as more Malaysians shop online. This pattern has the potential to encourage
further investment in the telecom industry, which would enhance services and boost
economic expansion.

●​ Variety Telecommunications Providers: Malaysia's numerous telecom providers

create a competitive atmosphere that is advantageous to customers. Businesses like
Celcom, Maxis, and Telekom Malaysia are always coming up with new ways to get
market share, which results in improved customer experiences, competitive pricing, and
better services. The quality and accessibility of services may improve as a result of this
competition.

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3.2 WEAKNESS

●​ Digital split: There is a notable digital split between urban and rural areas, even though
internet penetration is high overall. Due to infrastructure issues, rural areas frequently
lack proper internet connectivity, which may limit their social and economic
advancement. For people who reside in less connected areas, the gap may worsen
inequality and restrict their potential.

●​ High Service Costs: Individuals may find internet services to be unaffordable,

especially in rural locations with less infrastructure investment. Lower-income
households may not be able to fully participate in the digital economy and obtain
necessary online services due to high expenses.

●​ Infrastructure Issues: Problems like cable theft and vandalism, especially in rural
regions, frequently limit the growth of internet infrastructure. These difficulties make it
more difficult to deliver dependable connectivity and may result in service interruptions,
which prevents additional investment in underserved areas.

●​ Insufficient Digital Knowledge: Although a large number of Malaysians have access to

the Internet, people's ability to use online resources can be impacted by their level of
digital literacy. The potential advantages of better internet access may be limited by this
skill gap since people may find it difficult to use digital tools for personal or professional
development or to navigate online platforms.

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3.3 OPPORTUNITIES

●​ Infrastructure Development: Expanding the quantity of fibre optic networks and

improving mobile connectivity, especially in neglected regions, offers significant
opportunities for investment from both the public and private sectors. Such investments
can enhance internet quality and accessibility overall, fostering social and economic
progress.

●​ Collaborations with NGOs: Working alongside non-governmental organizations

dedicated to digital inclusion can assist in closing the divide for underrepresented
communities. By offering training and resources customized to local requirements, these
collaborations can empower people and enhance digital literacy, making sure that all
Malaysians can take advantage of better internet connectivity.

●​ Growth of Digital Services: As more individuals get access to the internet, several
industries, including e-commerce, online education, and telemedicine, might see
expansion. Because residents now have access to opportunities and necessary services
that were previously not achievable, this expansion may boost economic growth and
enhance people's quality of life.

●​ Government Support for Digital Skills Development: The government can promote
activities that improve people's digital literacy. By investing in training programs and
resources, the government can guarantee that all Malaysians have the skills needed to
navigate the digital world and experience the full benefits of higher internet connectivity.

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3.4 THREATS

●​ Global Participant Competition: The arrival of overseas corporations into Malaysia's

market may enhance competition for local providers. While competition might spur
innovation, it can also result in price wars, which can have an influence on service
quality. Local providers may struggle to compete with the resources and capabilities of
larger multinational corporations.

●​ Cybersecurity Potential Hazards: As more people use the internet, there are more
cybersecurity threats. Protecting user data is crucial because failing to do so might
damage public trust in online services. A major cybersecurity violation could have
far-reaching effects on both businesses and consumers.

●​ Regulatory Difficulties: Modifications to laws or rules concerning telecommunications

may have an effect on the industry's investment plans and service offerings. Regulatory
framework uncertainty can discourage investment and make it more difficult for service
providers to operate.

●​ Economic Uncertainty: Growth potential may be limited by economic downturns that

impact funding for infrastructure initiatives or lower household spending on internet
services.

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4.0 DECISION MATRIX OR DECISION TREE
Complex decisions that require multiple options alongside different criteria need assessment
methods that combine objective analysis with structured systematic solutions. The Decision
Matrix works as an essential instrument for Malaysia to implement tighter internet accessibility
standards due to these fundamental reasons. This method helps to break down the problem into
individual factors like effectiveness in reducing harmful content, public support, cost,
technological feasibility, and legal implications, making it easier to evaluate each alternative
objectively. The approach enables unbiased reviews of different alternatives because of its
systematic methodology. A quantitative assessment results from using the Decision Matrix
design to assign numeric scores to criteria which promote fair objective decision-making. Below
is the step on how we choose the best option for Malaysia to tighten screws on internet access.

Decision Matrix Process Method

Step 1: Identify alternative

●​ Enforce Internet Surveillance: Monitor user activity and collect data on internet usage.
●​ Implement Strong Censorship: Block or restrict access to specific websites and
platforms.
●​ Mandate Data Localization: Require all internet data to be stored within the country
●​ Introduce Licensing Regulations: Impose stricter licensing and operational requirements
for ISPs (Internet Service Providers).

Step 2: State of nature (factors)

●​ Government Policy: Existing laws / New laws / No laws
●​ Cybersecurity Threats: Firewalls / Encryption / No measures
●​ Public Acceptance: Resistance / Acceptance / Mixed
●​ Economic Impact: Negative / Positive / Neutral
●​ Technological Feasibility: High / Moderate / Low

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 Step 3: Assign weights to factors (states of nature)

Factors Weight

Government Policy 3

Cybersecurity Threats 3

Public Acceptance 2

Economic Impact: 2

Technological Feasibility 1

Step 4: Design a scoring system

3 (High/Good): Favorable outcome.
2 (Moderate): Neutral outcome.
1 (Low/Poor): Unfavorable outcome.

Step 5: Rate the alternatives (below is only the textual outcome)

Factors Weight Internet Strong Data Localization Licensing

Surveillance Censorship Regulations

Government 3 Existing laws New laws New laws Existing laws

Policy

Cybersecurity 3 Firewalls Encryption Firewalls Firewalls

Threats

Public 2 Resistance Resistance Mixed Acceptance

Acceptance

Economic 2 Negative Neutral Negative Positive

Impact

Technological 1 High Moderate Low Moderate

Feasibility

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Factors Weight Internet Strong Data Localization Licensing
Surveillance Censorship Regulations

Government 3 3 3 3 3
Policy

Cybersecurity 3 3 3 2 2
Threats

Public 2 1 1 2 3
Acceptance

Economic 2 1 1 1 2
Impact

Technological 1 1 2 1 2
Feasibility

Step 6: Total the scores: (weight x score)

Factors Weight Internet Strong Data Localization Licensing

Surveillance Censorship Regulations

Government 3 3x3=9 3x3=9 3x3=9 3x3=9

Policy

Cybersecurity 3 3x3=9 3x3=9 2x3=6 2x3=6

Threats

Public 2 1x2=2 1x2=2 2x2=4 3x2=6

Acceptance

Economic 2 1x2=2 1x2=2 1x2=2 2x2=4

Impact

Technological 1 1x1=1 2x1=2 1x1=1 2x1=2

Feasibility

TOTALS 23 24 22 27

Final Decision: The highest score is for Introduce Licensing Regulations (27), making it the
most effective and feasible strategy for Malaysia to tighten internet access.

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5.0 STRATEGY ON THE EXECUTION OF INTERNET ACCESS IN MALAYSIA

The execution of internet access strategies in Malaysia implicates various key components,
based on the result of alternatives in the Decision Matrix, these include licensing regulations as
the best alternative followed by strong censorship, internet surveillance and data localisation.
Each of these strategies plays an important role in shaping Malaysia's digital landscape. There
are additional strategies that can be included such as promoting digital literacy, developing
innovation in digital services, enhancing cybersecurity measures, fostering public engagement
and encouraging public-private partnerships (PPPs).

5.1 Alternatives Strengthening Malaysia's Internet Access

●​ Introduce Licensing Regulations

Implementing licensing regulations is the most vital in governing in order to spectate how
internet service providers (ISPs) and social media platforms operate within Malaysia. These
regulations are designed to guarantee that service providers encounter specific standards
regarding service quality, coverage, and pricing, as well as fostering a reliable and competitive
digital situation. Licensing regulations can help the government control the quality of information
to maintain high standards of quality services among ISPs and social media platforms. The
government should ensure that the users are following specific guidelines, for the users to
receive reliable internet services without poor performance and frequent disruptions. This
should comply with the Communication and Multimedia Act 1998 (CMA) and other legislation
where it sets obligations of service providers to ensure user’s data protection and safety are
unharmed. Besides, regulatory oversight of internet services would also make licensing
functional as it can enable the government to monitor compliance with laws on how to overcome
cybercrime such as cyberbullying and online fraud as well as managing harmful content that is
being shared where the proactive steps to safeguard users can be made.

●​ Practice Strong Censorship

Strong censorship should be implemented in Malaysia’s online digital content. For Malaysians,
using social media, especially TikTok, is the platform for them to share ideas, opinions, stories
and others. Strategies such as blocking access to specific websites, regulating harmful content
online, monitoring online activities as well as implementing stringent licensing regulations for
social media platforms should be applied. The Malaysian government must remain vigilant
about maintaining transparency and accountability of online content in order to safeguard public

16
safety and maintain public harmony since misinformation about online content can spread like
wildfire.

●​ Improve Internet Surveillance Technique

This action can be supported by a legal framework including the Communications and
Multimedia Act 1998 (CMA) and the Cyber Security Act 2024, which allow authorities to perform
surveillance under certain conditions. The government can measure this strategy by tracking
user interactions, analysing data traffic, and implementing content moderation policies which
aim at limiting harmful and illegal activities. Tracking user interactions can be used to identify
threats among users, for example, cyberbullying or statements that can damage other people's
reputations. With Malaysia’s record of over 25% removal demands for TikTok content, it shows
that these surveillance practices are still weak. Data analysing traffic can assist government
authorities in analysing patterns in user behaviour and data traffic by detecting irregular
activities that may indicate malicious activity and protect citizens from complicated issues which
can lead to fears of security concerns. Implementing content moderation policies, which
involves the process of reviewing and filtering user-generated content. This proactive
moderation can be involved by using algorithms or AI tools to filter out harmful and appropriate
materials based on their criteria before it is published.

●​ Data Localisation
Data localisation can ensure greater control over sensitive information and reduce vulnerabilities
associated with cross-data transfer with the compliance of Malaysian regulations, where the
data generated within Malaysia is stored on local servers. The government can enforce local
laws more effectively and make sure that the local companies or organizations that handle the
data strictly follow Malaysian regulations regarding privacy and security. Keeping sensitive data
within national borders can help protect it from foreign access and potential misuse as well as
data breaches and cyber threats from outside Malaysia.

●​ Promoting Digital Literacy

Promoting digital literacy is essential for users in order for them to use the internet effectively
and efficiently as well as navigate the digital landscape. This can include programs such as
training on cybersecurity and responsible for live behaviour. In 2024, the Malaysian government
launched the Digital Literacy for All Programme, which is a good approach for all individuals
since this program is free training. This initiative can be improved by teaching more about
essential skills such as using smartphones, and computers and also focusing more on how to

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browse the internet safely. This program can include how to protect personal information online
since most of the users are not aware of all the risks that they might face in the future. The
emphasis on integrating digital technology into the learning environment is important, especially
for students, young people and also old citizens.

●​ Development of Innovation in Digital Services

The development of innovation in digital services is important for driving economic growth in
Malaysia. This initiative can encourage and enhance connectivity for all Malaysians. One of the
approaches that can be implemented is by providing grants and incentives for startups,
companies or individuals in any business sector where it focuses more on creating digital
solutions. By investing in these emerging companies, both sides will get their own benefits, such
as for the government, they not only nurture new ideas but also empowers entrepreneurs to
develop technologies that can enhance users’ experiences and accessibility. It will not only
ensure that Malaysia remains in the global digital environment but also inspire other companies
in the same industry.

●​ Enhancing Cybersecurity Measures

Internet usage is increasing day by day. Enhancing cybersecurity are important for governments
to safeguard their user’s data and online activities. The agency that is responsible for
implementing this approach is the National Cyber Security Agency Malaysia, also known as
NACSA. One of the initiatives that can be improved is the implementation of legal frameworks,
focusing on addressing cybersecurity issues, which can further reinforce the country's
commitment to protecting its users online. While this legislation alone is not enough, public
awareness also plays an important role. Campaigns on public awareness about cybersecurity
can be practised by focusing on training programs, where the aims of the program are
empowering users with knowledge skills, recognizing phishing scams, and cyberbullying, and
safeguarding their personal information and other potential threats, for example, data breach.

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 ●​ Fostering Public Engagement
Fostering public engagement needs concerns for both the government and Malaysians. The
government can take proactive steps by involving users in discussions about internet policies
and regulations. In order to involve the public in these approaches, governments can take
initiatives by organizing forums, workshops and community programs or events which not only
provide valuable opportunities for individuals to share their experiences but also actively listen
to diverse voices, especially from underrepresented communities. The government can gain
insight and more information which can further implement more inclusive policies. Collaborating
with civil society organisations can further strengthen these voices, ensuring that no one is left
out. This will help build trust between the government and its users while promoting
transparency and accountability in the decision-making process. Engaging with the public not
only strengthens democracy but also helps people feel their opinions matter and that shaping
policies that affect their daily lives fosters a sense of shared responsibility.

●​ Encouraging Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)

Collaboration between the government and private sector can significantly improve the country's
digital view, especially in rural areas in Malaysia. The investment by public and private sectors is
often limited especially in rural areas where the internet infrastructure is unreachable.
Partnerships with telecommunications can accelerate the networks, which can ensure
high-speed internet can be reached to rural communities. By sharing finances and expertise,
these partnerships can create a more equitable distribution of internet access across Malaysia
and support new initiatives aimed at improving connectivity.

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5.2 States of Nature in Internet Access

●​ Freedom of Expression
The balance between regulating harmful content and maintaining freedom of expression is
concerning. Although free expression is protected under the regulations, the newly introduced
laws allow the government to have extensive powers to regulate online content. The restrictions
from the government lead to users repressing their opinions, particularly for political opposition
groups, civil rights activists as well as journalists. Various competing interests create an
environment explicitly where people feel timid to express themselves.

●​ Rise in Political Polarization

Driven by strict internet censorship can pose a threat to political division and healthy democracy.
Censorship of certain ideologies leads to dissatisfaction of the public, where some voices or
opinions are silenced, and they may feel suppressed and bring voters despair and lack of faith
in the political system.

●​ Impact on Digital Innovation and Free Market

With overly restrictive and unpredictable regulatory policies, resulted in digital innovation and
economic growth, which prevented foreign investment and caused rural areas to have less
connectivity. The companies would be uninterested in investing in the Malaysian business
sector. This affects foreign companies, local entrepreneurs and also digital creators, which
makes it more challenging for them to operate freely and access digital markets. Equitable
access to the internet in all regions is key to developing a thriving digital economy and
narrowing economic disparities.

●​ Increased Surveillance and Privacy Invasion

The involvement of government in internet regulation, users may face increased surveillance on
their online activities, this raises significant privacy concerns whereas individuals may feel that
their personal information and online behaviours are being closely monitored. Such
environments might make people hesitate to share their thoughts and engage in public
discussion due to fear of being watched or penalized. Balancing both regulations with the
protection of individual privacy rights is essential to maintaining trust in digital spaces.

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 ●​ International Relations
Malaysia's internet regulation will directly impact its international reputation, especially in terms
of human rights in freedom of speech and digital privacy. Whereas more severe regulations
invite adverse reactions from world human rights organizations advocating for digital rights this,
in turn, will invariably diminish Malaysia's reputation and diplomatic relations. To uphold a
positive external image and attract foreign investments, Malaysia should require a great
balancing act of objectives of domestic regulations and global commitments toward human
rights.

●​ Youth Independent Dependency

This increase in reliance by Malaysian youth to access the Internet for social interaction and
information raises a lot of concern about their mental health and interpersonal skills. As much as
the internet provides valuable educational resources and modes of communication, excessive
exposure to it could result in problems such as anxiety, depression, and loss of face-to-face
interactions. Therefore, it arises to create awareness among the youths on how to adopt good
cyber habits that will enable them to surf the internet responsibly and live a balanced life.

●​ Educational Initiative
Despite high internet penetration in Malaysia, there is still a wide digital gap between urban and
rural areas. Not all communities can equally benefit from high-speed and reliable internet
access. For this reason, making sure that future generations have the necessary digital skills to
compete in an economy that is increasingly dependent on technology requires connectivity
development. There is a need for sustained efforts to reduce this gap and encourage digital
literacy among students of all regions.

●​ Undermining Trust in Government Institutions

Censorship will eventually lead to public trust in governmental institutions being undermined.
This can be seen by many as an effort to consolidate power and more strict control over
information, thus questioning government intentions and perceived fairness in its content
moderation policies. The loss of faith resulting from this may eventually prevent proper
governance whereby the individuals may not effectively participate in or contribute to a
government initiative for fear of suppression or brushing aside their voices. The government
should, therefore, reassure confidence in the public on transparency and accountability for the
regulatory acts conducted.

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 ●​ Evacuation of Digital Talent and Tech Companies

Tightening the regulations could risk alienating foreign tech companies and local talent,
including developers and digital marketers, who would seek friendlier climes to innovate in. In
fact, addressing infrastructural challenges means a lot for Malaysia's status as a competitive
digital hub in an environment where access to the internet is truly reliable for every citizen.

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6.0 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, it is clear that internet access has become imperative for social and economic
development in Malaysia. As internet services continue to penetrate and digital policies evolve,
the challenge of striking a balance between censorship, regulation, and freedom becomes
increasingly relevant. In SWOT analysis, it pinpoints strengths in high penetration rates and
weaknesses in rural connectivity issues. Adding to those opportunities like infrastructure
development and threats such as global participation competition, cybersecurity potential
threats and economic concerns, the landscape is even more illuminated.

Moreover, the use of a decision matrix proved quite effective in ascertaining ways to tighten the
Internet's regulations. It was licensing regulations that were considered to be the most
practicable approach since such policies ensure compliance and safety standards with quality
while engendering equity. Strategies on digital literacy, creating public-private partnerships, and
strengthening cybersecurity emphasize inclusive and secure internet access. Issues like
overregulation, distrust of government institutions, and privacy with surveillance will be some of
the major concerns that need consideration.

Significantly, this proposal faced the subtle balance between freedom of expression and the
need to control harmful content, which needed a deeper understanding of the socio-political
context of Malaysia. There was also limited access to detailed data on rural internet penetration
and user behaviour. An integral part secured the understanding of perspectives originating from
governmental bodies together with commercial entities and civil society members. Technological
evolution's rapidly increasing speed created uncertainties regarding upcoming policy impact on
technology adoption, which made decision processes more difficult to navigate. Navigating
complex regulatory landscapes alongside data limitations, together with stakeholder conflicts
and a consistently evolving technological environment, presented the key challenges for this
initiative.

Therefore, with the help of SWOT and decision-making tools, we can develop a more
comprehensive analysis that brings clarity to the challenges of internet access in Malaysia. This
could allow the articulation of policy recommendations, such as licensing regulations and
promotions of digital literacy. The proposal situated Malaysia's internet policies within a global
context, enhancing understanding of governance challenges and best practices that will help to
develop an informed discussion in improving internet access all across Malaysia.

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https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysia-firms-up-licensing-plans-for-social-m

edia-and-messaging-platforms-effective-jan-1-2025

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