Adolescence in Modernity and

postmodernity
Introduction:

The topic to be discussed next is called Modern and Postmodern Adolescence. Where
explica brevemente los períodos de la adolescencia, la caracterización del joven moderno y posmoderno,
the differences, and other topics of great interest to our culture, which are considered
important for our society.

Taking into account the wealth of information that this topic encompasses, and the variability of branches that we
offers, the author has decided to opt for the choice of the minority of topics that are included in a
extensive list of information.

The purpose of this monograph is to raise awareness among as many individuals as possible about the evolution of
teenagers, and the great problem that many teenagers can face, due to
the demand of a society also referred to as postmodern.

The circumstances that led to the choice of topic were the interest aroused by wanting to know how it is.
current world, what adolescents are like, to what level of evolution they have reached, how to attract them to
a society made up of modern adults with their different thoughts; in short, there are several
reasons that can lead to the conduct of a monographic research.

This monographic work aims to demonstrate the progress and profile produced in adolescents.
regarding society.

Body...ADOLESCENCE
MEANING OF THE TERM 'ADOLESCENCE'

The term adolescence comes from the Latin verb adolescere, which means to grow or to reach maturity.
This means not only physical growth but also mental development. Mentally, it is mature the
individual whose intelligence has reached its maximum development.

Adolescence should not be confused with puberty, which is the period of preadolescence and the beginning.
from adolescence in which sexual maturation occurs. Puberty is a part of adolescence,
whereas the latter includes all phases of maturation.

In general terms, adolescence extends from the moment of sexual maturity until the
age at which legal independence from adult authority is ensured. Despite the
individual differences in the age of sexual maturation, it is possible to delineate periods within the
adolescence.

Periods:

Pre-adolescence 10-12 years

Adolescence (initial period) 13-16 years
Adolescence (final period) 17-21 years

ADOLESCENCE IN MODERNITY
PROFILE OF A MODERN ADOLESCENT

In modernity, there is a desire to be an adult, even though there may be nostalgia for childhood, which was a
golden stage, in which there were no responsibilities and allowed to gather an educational and emotional wealth that
it made it easier to face the important things in life, adulthood. The adult model was so strong.
modernity considered childhood as a kind of long incubation. A significant blow to

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this idea was given by psychoanalysis when it described the genesis of normality in early stages of
development. So the adult-centric world turned its eyes to those 'crazy little ones'.

There was a type of modern teenager described as an individual who was living a crisis, insecure,
introverted, a person in search of their identity, idealistic, rebellious within the limits of the social framework
allowed. The adolescents themselves constituted a marginal group; the males no longer had a place alongside
the skirts of the mothers not in the working life of the fathers, women had conflicts with their mothers
and they still could not own their homes or raise their own children.

Passionate, eroticized, uncontrolled, fickle, bad-tempered, shy, competitive, expectant

of the future, exalted, noble, good friends and lovers, excessive in their affections, omnipotent,
thirsty for fun. These seem to have been the most notable characteristics of a type of
adolescent who appears in different eras of history.

For these teenagers, it was very difficult to tolerate the discipline imposed on their training. The period
the formation of adolescents from middle sectors was marked by great demands
revealing itself as a stage in which there was a large number of suicides, which could be attributed to
difficulties and frustrations in that area.

Regarding his intellectual development, the adolescent was studied and described by Piaget in that
way

What is surprising about the teenager is their interest in all the outdated problems.
relationship with the realities lived daily or that anticipates future situations of the world, that
They are merely chimerical. What is more surprising is their ease in developing abstract theories.
There are some who write, others who speak, but they all have theories or systems that transform the
world in one way or another. Therefore, there is an intellectual egocentrism in adolescence. This is
the metaphysical age par excellence: the self is strong enough to rebuild the universe and it
large enough to incorporate it.

For Piaget, the teenager was also a romantic idealist, interested in thought, in the
construction of utopias.

ITS ORIGIN

Modernity occurred in Europe but overwhelmed the weaker cultures of other continents; yet
where strong indigenous cultures existed, modernization was only external and today, in the face of the collapse of
modernity, cultural particularisms reappear, tinged with ecological protests. With
frequency, in effect, has seen modernity as a tendency towards the destruction of nature and
as a philosophy of death, arms-bearing and militarizing.

ADOLESCENCE IN POSTMODERNITY
What do we call postmodernity?

Postmodernity is characterized by a strong development of productive forces that, through the

automation and cybernetics produce a huge material wealth and a modification in the
social relations: decrease in the number of agricultural and industrial workers increase of
professionals, technicians, and scientists. Serial objects or artifacts are produced in greater quantity

It is the stage of culture in which the Western world is immersed, as an epilogue of modernity.

It has its origins in the French May of '68 and is the first cultural movement in which the participation of the
Youth is a priority.

We are all in it, no one is left out thanks to the mass media that broadens the
cultural universe, in terms never known until now.

In these times, everything counts; postmodernity accommodates all artistic and political movements.
cultural and their counter movements, with plurality being one of their traits and the other not being rebellious
(in general) but allowing all forms of rebellion. There is no longer a single goal to fight against.
No existen utopías por las que dar la vida.

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Aesthetics replaces ethics and the term in use is light to replace a void, a
indifference that appears as lightness or tolerance. Chance dominates our lives and disenchanted,
Without objectives, forgotten by God, we believe in anything, in everything and in nothing. It is the era of sects.
that promise salvation.

Umberto Eco defines our turn of the century as a sick period, filled with fragmented knowledge.
unable to recognize their enemies, everything developing at extremely high speed, where the real and the
virtual are confused.

Consumption is the source of cultural identity and leisure is the center of life.

In summary, some of the most significant traits of postmodernity are:

The apologia of sex and violence

The fever of consumption

Liberation without borders

The light or provisional man

The abandonment of the consistent for the banal

The massification

The crisis of reason

Prioritizing fragmented information to the detriment of systematic knowledge

The abandonment of religion for multiple beliefs and chance

The draining of meaning from commonly used concepts.

PROFILE OF A CURRENT ADOLESCENT OR 'POSTMODERN'

It is important to emphasize that while the vision and description of the modern teenager came from
aquellos que los enfocaban como objeto de estudio, el modelo de adolescente posmoderno parte no sólo
not only from them but also, and with great influence, from the mass media, which disseminate and sell a type
as a teenager in their advertisements and programs.

WHY STUDY THE ADOLESCENCE OF POSTMODERNITY?

Why focus especially on adolescence in postmodern culture? This climate of ideas affects and
it influences all who are immersed in it, but our hypothesis is that a phenomenon is generated
particular with adolescents as postmodernity proposes adolescence as
social model, and from this, society itself is 'adolescentized.' Authors like Alain Finkielkraut.
identifica lo adolescente con lo no verbal, ubicado en el hemisferio derecho del cerebro donde también
asienta la fantasía, la creatividad, la imaginación. El hemisferio izquierdo, sede de la racionalidad, la
Logic and everything we develop from education, including language, has lost ground.
especially in the communication among young people, which develops through images and with little
personal exchange.

What happened to ideologies?

In different eras, teenagers were the most attracted to great ideologies above all.
when they were supposed to be a confrontation with that of the family.

Only when biological maturity is accompanied by emotional and intellectual maturity, which allows them to
his entry into the adult world will be equipped with an ideology that confronts that of his environment and
where rejection of certain situations is fulfilled with constructive criticism." (A. Aberastury)

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This ideology created or recreated by each teenager was, for Erikson, constituent of the self.
identity

Here we are not merely talking about great privileges or lofty ideals but about needs.
psychological, because the social institution we have called ideology is the guardian of identity.
In order not to lose themselves in a cynical or pathetic way, young people must be able to convince themselves that
Those who succeed assume along with success the obligation to be better. Since it is through their
ideology as social systems penetrate the fabric of the next generation....

He and the society in which he lived believed in progress, in the improvement of the human being and located in
the adolescent the need for an ethics that would preserve him from cynicism and pathos.

The postmodern culture surrounding them embodies those conflicts that had been described for their
age group. A collage regarding identity, crisis in values, sexual ambiguity,
characteristics that prevent the teenager from getting into conflict with the environment or with the adults around them
they support.

DIFFERENTIATE THE ADOLESCENT MODEL, MODERNITY FROM THE POSTMODERN MODEL AND THE
ROLE OF THE ADULT.

1. A particular phenomenon is generated with theteenagersto the extent that the

postmodernityproposes to theadolescenceas a social model, and from this, it is 'adolescentized' to
thesocietysame.

2. In the model of modernity, there was an aspiration to be adult, even when there was nostalgia for the
childhood. Childhood was a time when there were no heavy responsibilities, where affection and the
Containment came from the parents. The adult stage, which would allow for action, to have the capacity to influence.
socially, becoming independent from parents.

The adult model for modernity was so strong that thechildhoodit was considered a kind of long
incubation in which nothing important happened.

If we think about adolescence from the present moment, we find that adolescents
they take up a lot of space.

Themodelsofcommunicationthey consider them an important audience,companiesthey generateproducts

for them.

On one hand, the attitude of the parents should no longer be one of teaching, of transmitting experience, but rather the...
opposite to learning a kind of innate wisdom that they would possess.

POSTMODERNITY, ADOLESCENT CLIMATE AND EDUCATION

Dr. W. R. Daros

The social climate of the transition to postmodernity

For not a few authors, after the Second World War we have entered an era with
postmodern mindset. These terms indicate that we still live as a prolongation
of the mindset and the modern age, but - for some - in 'decline'. (for there is greater
consumption and larger population
Postmodern society is a continuation of modern society, where science combined with technology generates
post-industrial, automated technologies. Other authors prefer to call this stage late capitalism.
or advanced.
Passage from modern mentality to postmodern mentality
Ø
Modern, Enlightenment, or bourgeois mentality.
Ø
Postmodern mentality or late or advanced capitalism
The body slowly regained its place next to the psyche.
Reason and observation replaced all authority.
It generated an optimistic conception of history considered as indefinite progress in the hands of the
men.
They believed that a better, more humane future (more rational and freer) could be achieved, more

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We entered it after the Second World War.
For some, it is a prolongation of the mentality and the modern era, but in decline.
Postmodernity is characterized, in the economic sphere, by a strong development of productive forces.
which, through automation and cybernetics, produce a huge material wealth and a
modification in social relations: decrease in the number of agricultural and industrial workers
increase of professionals, technicians, and scientists.
Information circulates quickly, penetrates like a compulsion, and generates new needs.
wishes in the clients.
Breaks heavily bureaucratized or authoritarian regimes. They require, on the contrary, innovation
constancy, quick decisions, and decentralization, in a climate of increasing competitiveness and consumption.

Signs of postmodernity and the apparent absence of its designs.

1.Los jóvenes hoy parecen interesarse cada vez menos de los grandes "relatos" oideologías de la
modernity: the one of Hegelian origin (human history is a necessary march towards the spirit of
freedom); the Marxist origin (the emancipation of workers and the struggle for a society without
classes); and the positivist origin (well-being for all based on scientific knowledge and development
industrial).
This disillusionment has also reached educational institutions: it seems to interest less and less.
search for knowledge for the sake of knowledge (typical of idealist pedagogies); the emancipation of the school
materially and socially productive (typical of pedagogies with a socialist tendency); the school with
scientific and technical knowledge, focused on the biology and psychology of the student, contemptuous of
everything metaphysical, lover of the useful (typical of positivist and liberal trends).
In this climate of reaction, there is room for Orientalist movements, the encounter with oneself, the
personal liberation from any political or religious ideology and the pursuit of happiness, if possible,
immediate.
2. The men of modernity spoke of future, ideal, project, progress, science; the men of the
Postmodernity is young people (given the demographic explosion, half of the population is under 30)
years) and they talk about recycling, relaxation, image, consumption, the end of the story, feeling, look, feedback, self
salvation...
3. Postmodern culture is a culture of the image. Audiovisual media are an instrument.
hegemonic of mass communication. For them, everything is omnipresent.
The motto is: "don't say it; show it." The image is not meant to last but to provoke a
impact and manage behavior. Advertising is accepted as art and no longer scandalizes anyone.
The predominance of the image is also evident in the emphasis on the present tense and aesthetic.
of the surface of the physical body and its recycling. Everyone wants to be twenty years old, to take off at least two
decades of life of the skin surface: plastic surgery, aesthetic surgery, reconstructive surgery, implants
hair, contact lenses, options to always stay young like saunas, massages,
yogging, jazz dance, work dance. Consequently, nudism, understood as free manifestation of the
Body beauty and pleasure are on the rise, although there is some resistance from prudery.
modern residue.
The postmodern individual is conceived as a body that constantly needs to satisfy its
needs, which -however- is inevitably consumed over time: hence the fear of
old age, adulthood, death, and the preference for euthanasia.
Modernity exalted saving, self-awareness, honor, and the strenuous cultivation of the individual to
to be competent and to earn one's own social situation. Postmodern society values credit: even,
through credit cards, it becomes magical, automatic. Today more than ever, advertising makes you
proposes a life without effort - which Kant already criticized - losing weight without effort, studying languages without
effort, quitting smoking without effort, achieving happiness on a beach, with exotic drinks, body
sunny and attractive young people.
In the past, a young individual was valued based on their integration into (cultural, moral, aesthetic, social) norms.
universal, in the general will of adults. In postmodernity, the expression of youth is exalted and
free without limits: everyone expresses their desires, their preferences, their tastes, makes body expression;
Screaming or singing is the same.
The exaltation of particularism has distanced the Enlightenment ideal of a life guided by rationality, the
which is governed by some objectivity that can be criticized, shared or not. Postmodernity is governed
por losfeelings. La democracia que significó el acceso de todos a la cultura se convierte hoy en el
the right of each individual to the culture of their choice or to designate their momentary impulse as culture.
It is no longer of interest for men to be autonomous subjects (the great ideal of the early school of...
century!), but rather to satisfy immediate pleasures, with the least possible effort, to give satisfaction to their
drives. As the sociologist has recalled
G. Lipovetzky, everyone wants to live now, here and now, to stay young, not to wait for the future, nor to think about
a new man. Desires and people pass by as if gliding, without nuances, without idols or taboos
permanent, without tragedies, so there is no place for revolutions or for compromises.
In a blend of feelings, modern man is encouraged to revitalize conceptions.
Orientalists assure him a naturalistic, ecological, and holistic view of life. Man will find,
then, its realization by renouncing it and integrating into nature, dissolving like

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individuality in cosmic forces, thus entering a universal balance with other species.
To become less interested in the great 'narratives' or ideologies of modernity.
It is marked by disillusionment.
There is talk of recycling, relaxation, image, consumption, the end of the story, feeling, look feedback, self-salvation...
It is a culture of the image.
Audiovisual media are a hegemonic tool of mass communication.
Postmodernity, a new way of feeling and living.
Accentuation by the present time and by the superficial aesthetics of the physical body and its recycling. Everyone
they wish to be twenty years old,
The exaltation of particularisms, of the individual feeling shared by many.
Encouraged to revitalize the orientalist conceptions that ensure a naturalistic, ecological vision,
holistic view of life.
Estimate the credit, lose weight effortlessly, learn languages effortlessly, quit smoking effortlessly,
achieve happiness on a beach.
It is governed by feelings.
We live in the hour of the
there is no longer truth or lie, stereotype or invention, beauty or ugliness, but an infinite palette
of pleasures, different and alike.

Postmodernity and adolescent climate.

5. Modernity proposed the adult as a social model: the child and the adolescent wished to become.
as soon as adults, which enabled him to influence socially, be independent, able to do, decide.
Postmodernity proposes the adolescent as a model: one must reach adolescence to establish oneself.
in her forever. Adolescence is not something uncomfortable or just a phase; it is not a crisis but a
state, especially in the middle and urban sectors (low-income youth or peasants
they are left out of this process and must be integrated quickly and abruptly into a job). What is beautiful is that
very young and one must remain in that state for as long as possible and in whatever way possible. Adults must
to learn from teenagers that knowledge of being young. Advertising - like drugs - is aimed at
adolescents and the adolescent mentality. Postmodern society promotes that adolescence,
What is found today in educational institutions has characteristics distinct from those of modernity.
Por otra parte, para el mercado de consumo es bueno que la adolescencia dure mucho tiempo: por una
partly, there is not enough work to integrate young people into the job market and gain independence
economically and, on the other hand, young people need to have fun and spend.

6. Why leave that state?

But all of this is just the massive shell of postmodern climate. Because it must be noted that the
Postmodernity is a contradictory era. When there is a need to find employees, they are wanted.
young, handsome; but at the same time with experience, responsibility, and committed to the company.
The more society humanizes, the more anonymity is felt; the more tolerance there is, the more it is felt.
the lack of personal confidence; the more years one lives, the more one fears old age, the more one needs
work (because the laws have changed or our desires to possess have increased), less does it
wants to work; the greater the freedom of customs, the greater the feeling of emptiness;
the larger the media, the more alone individuals feel; the greater is the
possibility of economic well-being, but also a greater possibility of psychological depression.
With postmodernity, adolescence tends to be prolonged: some people at 30 or older do not
they have not achieved economic independence or emotional stability. In postmodernity, things
seems to be done in reverse of what was done in modernity. In modernity, man
he hurried to study seriously, to receive a degree, to then get a job that would give him
independence, to save and buy a property; then he thought about looking for a girlfriend and after
getting to know each other for some time, a commitment to marriage was established and then the
marriage, then came the children, etc. In postmodernity, young people quickly form couples without
any stability; if they have a child, they will live with the parents who continue to support them
economically, over time they may manage to get some work (mostly temporary), then the
the couple dissolves or each one thinks about studying, doing so without continuity, regularity, or vocation
or the possibility of research, but with the hope of obtaining a better employment situation, in the midst of
of the rumor about the attention of children and the noisy television programs.
Teenagers have been classified in various ways:
a) The unconventionalists never seriously question the values of adults.
They adapt to society, without drama, as she is. They do not oppose the established order (or disorder) nor
They feel separated from adults. They enjoy adolescence without entering into conflicts.
b) Idealists are rebels against the situation, dissatisfied with the state of the world and want to change it or
they retire to a private world focusing on personal satisfaction. They are iconoclasts,
melancholic and romantic or aggressive both psychologically and physically. This includes both reformers, the
defenders of human rights, such as pacifists, ecologists, peace volunteers, or the
hippies.

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c) Transitory loathed ones feel alien to the world, but instead of fighting it, they leave it behind.
trusting that when they come to power they will change things. In the meantime, they are dedicated to enjoying
their adolescent state; then they will quickly and conventionally take on the responsibilities of adults.
d) Permanent Loshedonists deliberately distance themselves from society for their entire lives. They dedicate that
life in the constant pursuit of excitements (surfing, skiing, alcohol, drugs, sex, travel). This type of
Adolescents seem to grow in postmodernity.
There is not really a generational conflict. Young people flee from adults but do not confront them.
them. More than rebellion, there is indifference, lack of communication with adults; they coexist by neutralizing the
relationships. The teenager thinks that adults cannot be understood and nothing can be done. It is discussed
so but without communicating, lack of interest in understanding and approaching the other, lack of trust in reason.
Love and hate have been replaced by indifference, also in educational institutions.
In the past, adolescence was considered a critical age that involved mourning or losses that the
young people had to mourn and overcome to reach adulthood. With postmodernity, those grieving processes seem to have
desaparecido. Así, por ejemplo, en la modernidad elcuerpodel adolescente no era admirable: la cara
acne-covered, with disproportionate arms and legs that don’t know where to fit. Today the body
the teenager has been idealized, with fresh skin, no blemishes, abundant hair, a lean but strong body, and
in athletic condition. One should lament nothing for losing the body of childhood, nor should one desire anything.
of the bodies of adults.
There is also no mourning for the loss of childhood parents, nor does he wish to be an adult father. The same
parents wish to be teenagers, wear young people's clothes, play young people's sports, do not accept the
strict guidelines imposed on them during their adolescence, on the other hand, do not have very clear ideas.
as if to impose them.
They expect knowledge and creativity to magically arise in their teenage children as long as they do not...
interfere with them. They promote the independence of their children and always seek more freedoms as well in
school institutions.

Teenagers and parents in postmodernity.

8. The sociological phenomenon of postmodernity generates typical problems in the realm of formal education.
(schools) and informal (family, religious, etc.).
The child, in his helplessness, has an unsatisfactory feeling of what he is.
Generate then an ideal where one can take refuge, omnipotent (with the omnipotence of thought)
with which he imagines being able to satisfy his desires that cannot wait.
This structure is organized around the omnipotent image of the parents and is defined to the extent that
that reality shows him its limits. The child feels at the center of a universe that, in its narcissism,
does not admit others.
Now, the role of the educational action of parents and teachers has the difficult task of making possible
about the young introjects, on the ideal self, the self-ideal; an ideal model of what it sees from the
adults and what they wish to be. That ideal of the self is what drives and provokes effort, recognition
from others, the postponement of immediate desires and their realizations through a social project
of life.
Well, in adolescence the consolidation of the ideal self should come to an end, but in the
Postmodernity neither parents nor teachers uphold the values of the ideal self. Everything leads to the fact that it
do things effortlessly, so that desires are not postponed (that's what the phone and the card are for)
of credit, the taxi, in order to immediately achieve what one desires). The primitive desires of the
Childhood is not abandoned, but rather socially accepted in adolescence. The adolescent can
continue acting and wishing as when I was a child, without rebellion, without confrontations also in the
school institutions.
This confrontation with parents and teachers has a certain reflection in the religious theme.
Modernity has been atheistic, it has not believed in God, but it has believed in reason, in the sciences, in the superman.
It has been an atheism characterized by the death of
God and the restoration of man. Postmodern atheism warns that, in the absence of God, one
it opens a greater opportunity for man to choose and give meaning to his world. It is not a tragic atheism,
but indifferent: God is not an issue. The postmodern-minded man does not feel nostalgia or
sadness for God, nor does he argue with Him to be more of a man or more free. Regarding God, he does not feel.
nothing.
9. Adolescence, which for the Romans was a suffering due to growing up, seems to change
meaning.
En la modernidad había unaidentidad sexual, respecto a la cual el joven o la joven debían identificarse.
In the postmodern climate, everything tends to be unisex. Homosexuality itself is not considered a
psychological disorder, if the person who has it does not feel discomfort with it. Therefore, an identification is not required.
defined as in the past.
In modernity, an emotional maturity was sought that was achieved with emotional independence from the
parents, replacing the first objects of love with other adults and heterosexuals, before whom they
I had to manifest love (according to E.
Fromm) care for the other, respect, responsibility, productivity for the other, knowledge of the other.
Modern adults estimate that, in postmodernity, there is a crisis of couple instability and

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a superficial affection often develops, with individuals seeking to be loved in order not to
to feel alone, but without developing the ability to love, which is the ability to give.
In modernity, there was a tendency towards a maturity of one's own personality that consisted of a confidence
basic, through which they could trust in themselves and achieve autonomy regarding the identifications they had
previously introjected. In this way, he could carry his own conflicts and help others.
in their conflicts, fulfilling a social role of father, mother, teachers, etc. This self-confidence
the same is, in postmodernity more difficult to achieve since the adolescent today has no reasons to
firm identifications: there are no enduring idols, there are no utopias, there are no permanent values, almost
no one is satisfied with their own profession or fulfillment.
Due to the lack of strong identifications, there is no growth into adulthood, but rather a permanence in the
empty or in provisionality (a momentary identification with a television or sports character).

Let's review a survey

The respondents were 178 adolescents, 35% male and 65% female, aged between 14 and 19 years.
residents in the Capital and 37% in Greater Buenos Aires.

a) Sexuality

All young people claim to have information about sexuality, obtained mostly from the
parents.

30% have had sexual relations, with a higher percentage among males than among females.
mujeres

No one makes spontaneous comments about homosexuality, which 14% consider a practice.
more sexual.

Regarding personal issues, teenagers prefer to talk to their parents.

b) Affectivity

If we go out with a girl, it's to show her off in the neighborhood.

"Yo estuve metida y me aburrí, cada cosa a su tiempo"

Responses like these reveal a type of brief, superficial, exhibitionist bond, and perhaps
tiring

c) Identification models

We have no one to identify with, the teachers, those in power, we do not want to be like them.

47% do not admire anyone.

15% admire sports figures, 27% admire entertainment figures (mostly musical)

A 6% to God, Jesus Christ

Dolto assumes the 20th century as the 'twilight of the Gods', individual idols disappear and it is the
grupo el que aparece como sustituto del padre. Un renacimiento de las grandes causas ligadas a
humanitarian associations.

d) Link with parents

69% discuss everything with their siblings but not with their parents.

When asked what you would try to imitate in your children's education, they replied: "Everything, I...
they were raised well.

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We can conclude that although there is a questioning by adolescents regarding the everyday.
family life, there is no regard for the basic values of parents, which is consistent with the data from
other studies.

Do duels exist in postmodernity?

Postmodernity offers a soft life, light emotions, everything must move without pain, without drama,
Overflying reality. There is room for mourning as long as it is painful, it involves
a serious crisis, sadness, mental effort to overcome them.

If we consider the duels postulated by Aberastury, it turns out that:

a) The mourning for the lost body

The postmodern teenager leaves the body of childhood but enters into a state
socially declared ideal. Therefore, there will not be a clear idea of mourning, of suffering intensely the
loss of the childhood body. "There is no drama"

b) The mourning for the childhood parents

The parents of today's teenagers grew up in the 60s, incorporating a way of relating.
with their children different from what the classic models proposed, they developed a very
different from their parents. They seek to be young for as long as possible, blurring the model.
as an adult who considered modernity.

As he grew up, the child of these parents did not incorporate a clear image of an adult.
differentiated, separated from itself by the generational gap and when it reaches adolescence it finds itself
with someone who has the same doubts and conflicts. This teenager does not have to process the loss.
from the figure of the parents of childhood as it was in other times. Upon reaching adolescence, it is
closer than ever to their parents. Here there is hardly any grief.

c) The mourning for the role and childhood identity

What does it mean to be a child? To be dependent, to take refuge in fantasy instead of facing reality, to play.
instead of making an effort. It is essential to differentiate between two psychoanalytic concepts that usually
confusing the ideal self and the ideal of the self.

If we think about the values that identify him, the ideal self is: omnipotent, cannot wait to
satisfy their desires and is unable to consider the other. Makes the child feel that they are the center of the world,
It is the expression of a narcissism that does not admit others.

The ideal of the self manifests its own values: effort, recognition, and consideration for others, thus
as postponement of achievements.

Parents first and teachers later have the difficult task of provoking the introjection of the ideal self into
ideal of the self.

What happens to the teenager? At that stage of life, the ideal self is fully consolidated, so
There, parents, teachers, and society as a whole converge.

Modern society consecrated the values of an ideal self: the idea of progress based on effort,
love as consideration for the other.

In postmodern society, the media disseminate precisely the values of the ideal self, meaning that there
where the ideal of the self was, there is the ideal self and one must adhere to the consequences.

If this proposal is accepted, it follows that the primitive values of childhood not only do not
they do not abandon but rather are socially supported, therefore it does not seem very clear that one should abandon
no role from that stage upon reaching adolescence. One can continue to act and desire as when
If he was a child, there will not be a clearly established mourning here either.

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Conclusion
In conclusion:

It has been concluded that the Modern teenager has very similar traits.
marked by the postmodern teenager, as well as differences, in a society where it
they offer a variety of supplies, aimed exclusively at adolescents, as they are characterized by
to be a consumerist

There was a type of modern adolescent described as an individual who lived in a crisis, insecure,
uncontrolled introvert, grumpy, etc.

Modernity occurred in Europe but overwhelmed the weak cultures of other continents; It has
its origin in '68 and it is the first cultural movement in which the participation of youth is a priority.

Postmodernity is characterized by a strong development of productive forces that, through the

automation and cybernetics produce a tremendous material wealth and a modification in the
social relations.

Consumption is the source of cultural identity and leisure is the center of life.modelsof
communicationthey are considered an important audience, thecompaniesgenerateproductsfor them.

Some traits of postmodernity are:

The apology of sex and violence

The fever of consumption

The abandonment of religion for multiple beliefs and chance

What happens is:

The passage from modern mindset to postmodern.

Young people today seem to be increasingly less interested in the great 'narratives' or ideologies of the
modernity.
Postmodern culture is a culture of the image.
Postmodern society values credit: even through credit cards.
Modernity exalted saving, and postmodernity is characterized by rampant spending.
even with credit cards

Due to a lack of strong identifications, the postmodern adolescent does not have a growth into adulthood.
only a permanence in emptiness or in provisionality.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

DARÓS, W. The self-education of man in the philosophy of integrality, in Journal

Spanish Journal of Pedagogy, Madrid, 1997, no. 207, pp. 249-278.

Modern and Postmodern Teenager

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