PAPER

TEENAGER THEORY
Disusun Untuk Memenuhi Tugas Mata Kuliah Asuhan Kebidanan Remaja dan
Prakonsepsi dan Pranikah
Di Program D IV Kebidanan

Dosen Pengampu :
Laila Putri Suptiani, SST, M.Keb

Disusun Oleh :

LIA NURMALA
P20624322024

KEMENTRIAN KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA

POLITEKNIK KESEHATAN TASIKMALAYA
JURUSAN KEBIDANAN
2022
 Adolescence is a period of transition between children and adults. Based
on Erik Erison's theory, adolescents start from the age of 12-20 years with the task
of developing a search for self-identity. The crisis between identity and identity
confusion reaches its peak in adolescence. This task of self-discovery does make
teenagers busy with themselves, especially because genital puberty provides
various opportunities for conflict, both related to sex, work, self-confidence and
philosophy of life. Adolescents try new roles to find a solid ego identity.
Adolescence is divided into three phases, namely the early adolescence phase (12
years to 15 years), the middle adolescence phase (15 years to 18 years), and the
late adolescent phase (ages 18 to 21 years) (Monks, 2006).
Piaget (in Hurlock, 1990) states that psychologically adolescence is the
age at which individuals integrate with adult society, the age at which children no
longer feel below the level of older people but are on the same level, or at least
unequal. Entering today's society contains many affective aspects, more or less
than the age of puberty.
Viewed from the point of view of the age limit, adolescents are actually
classified as transactional, meaning that youth is a temporary social phenomenon
because it is between children and adults. According to Hurlock (1990) the
characteristics of adolescence are:
1. Adolescence is an important period
Rapid physical development is accompanied by rapid mental development,
especially in early adolescence. All these developments raise the need for
mental adjustment and the need for the formation of new attitudes,
intentions and interests.
2. Adolescence as a transition
In each period of status transition, the individual is not clear and doubts
about the role that must be carried out, in adolescence this is no longer a
child and not an adult.
3. Adolescence is a time of change
The rate of change in attitudes and behavior during adolescence parallels
the rate of physical change during early adolescence, when physical
 changes occur with rapid changes in attitudes and behavior as well. There
are also four changes that are equally universal, first, the height of the
emotions whose intensity depends on the level of physical and
psychological changes that occur, because emotional changes usually
occur more quickly during the beginning of time. Both changes in the
body, interests and roles that are faced by the social environment to be
ordered create new problems. Third, with changes in interests and
behavior patterns, values will also change.
4. Adolescence as a problematic age
Because of the youth's inability to deal with their own problems in their
own way, many teens find that task completion is always good.
5. Adolescence as an age to find identity
In the early teens, adjustment to the group is still important for boys and
girls gradually they begin to yearn for identity and are dissatisfied and
become the same as their friends in every way.
6. Adolescence is an age that causes fear
Cultural stereotypes assume that adolescents are untidy children who
cannot be trusted and tend to be destructive, causing adults who have to
guide and supervise the lives of adolescents to easily fear responsibility
and be unsympathetic to abnormal behavior.
7. Adolescence as an unrealistic period
Towards the end of adolescence in general, both boys and girls are often
disturbed by excessive idealism that immediately let go of their more life
when they reach adult status.
8. Adolescence as the threshold of adulthood
As the legal age of maturity draws near, teenagers become anxious to
abandon the stereotype of teens and to give the impression that they are
almost an adult.
Based on the description above, it can be concluded that the characteristics
of adolescence are adolescence as an important period, adolescence as a period of
transition, adolescence as a period of change, adolescence as a troubled age,
adolescence as an age to seek identity, adolescence as an age that creates fear,
adolescence as an unrealistic period, adolescence as the threshold of adulthood.

Characteristics of Adolescent Growth and Development

1. Physical growth
growth increases rapidly and reaches peak speed. In the early adolescent
phase (11-14 years) secondary sex characteristics begin to appear, such as
breast protrusion in adolescent girls, testicular development in adolescent
boys, growth of axillary hair, or pubic hair. These secondary sex
characteristics are well attained in the middle adolescent stage (14-17
years old) and in the late (17-20 years old) stage of reproductive structure
and growth are almost complete and adolescents have physically matured.
2. Thinking Ability
In the early stages, adolescents look for new values and energies and
compare normality with peers of the same sex. Whereas in the late stages
of adolescence, they have been able to look at problems comprehensively
with an identity that has been formed.
3. Identity
In the early stages, interest in friends is indicated by acceptance or
rejection. Teenagers try different roles, change self-image, self-love
increases, have many fantasies of life, are idealistic. Stability of self-
esteem and definition of body image and gender roles is almost permanent
in late adolescence.
4. Relationship with parents
Strong remembering to stick with parents is a trait possessed by
adolescents in the early stages. In this stage, there is no major conflict over
parental control. Adolescents in the mid-conflict stage experience major
conflicts over independence and control. At this stage there is a great urge
to emancipate and start oneself. Emotional and physical separation from
parents can be overcome by conflict in late adolescence.
5. Relationships with peers
Adolescents in the early and middle stages seek to meet with their peers to
deal with the instability caused by rapid change; friendships are closer to
the same sex, but they begin to explore to attract the opposite sex. They
struggle to take their place in the group; standards are set by peer groups
so peer acceptance is very important. Whereas in the final stage, peer
groups begin to decrease in terms of interests in the form of friendships.
They began to examine the relationship between a man and a woman
against the possibility of a permanent relationship.

The increase in adolescent attention to the opposite sex is strongly

influenced by factors of physical changes during the pubertal period (Santrock,
2003). Most of the teenagers usually have developed sexual behavior with the
opposite sex in the form of courtship or romance. If there is an opportunity for
teenagers to do physical touch, hold a meeting to make out, sometimes the
teenager even looks for opportunities to have sexual intercourse (Soetjiningsih,
2004). According to Irawati (Irawati and Prihyugiarto, 2005) adolescents perform
various kinds of risky sexual behavior which consists of certain stages. The
behavior of premarital sexual relations in adolescents can ultimately lead to
various adverse effects on the adolescents themselves (Darmasih, 2011).
As a teenager who grows and develops in the process of finding his
identity or identity, he is not free from various deviations. According to Kartono
(2010:6) Deviant behavior of adolescents can also be called juvenile delinquency
is an act that violates norms, rules or laws in society that is carried out during
adolescence or the transition of childhood and adulthood. Juvenile delinquency in
the study of social problems can be categorized into deviant behavior. In the
perspective of deviant behavior, social problems occur because there are
behavioral deviations and various social rules or from social values and norms
that apply deviantly. themselves with the norms that apply or have been accepted
by some people.
 According to Kartini Kartono (2010: 49), the types of juvenile
delinquency behavior can be divided into four, namely:
1. Isolated delinquency (Isolated delinquency)
This group is the largest number of juvenile delinquents. In general they
do not suffer any psychological damage.
2. Neurotic delinquency (neurotic delinquency).
In general, this type of juvenile delinquent suffers from serious mental
disorders, including anxiety, feeling always insecure, feeling guilty and
sinful and so on.
3. Psychopathic delinquency (Psychopathic delinquency)
These psychopathic delinquencies are few in number, but from a public
interest and security perspective, they are the most dangerous criminals.
4. Delinquency Moral Defect (Delinquency of Moral Defect)
Defect (defect, defect) means damaged, incomplete, wrong, injured,
defective, lacking. They feel quickly satisfied with their achievements, but
their actions are often accompanied by explosive aggressiveness.
Adolescents with moral defects usually become criminals who are difficult
to fix.

The forms of deviant behavior among adolescents according to Narwako

(2007:101) in general can be classified, among others:
1. Action nonconform
Behavior that is not in accordance with existing values or norms.
2. Anti-social or asocial actions
That is an action that is against the customs of society or the public
interest.
3. Criminal acts
Actions that clearly violate written legal rules and threaten the life or
safety of others.
Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Deviant Behavior, Among Adolescents
1. Family Factor
Kartono (2003:58) The criminal pattern of father, mother, or a family
member can print the criminal pattern of almost all other family members.
2. School Factor
Mulyono (1993:29) School is an educational environment which in
general is still formal. Teenagers who are still in junior high and high
school in general they spend their time for 7 hours at school every day,
3. Community Factor
The community is the widest environment for teenagers as well as the
most choices. In this environment, adolescents are faced with various
forms of reality that exist in different people's lives, especially the moral
development of scientific and technological progress.
4. Playgroup
Dhori, et al. (2003:137) Living environment and playgroup are two
socialization media that are closely related, because an individual will
have a play group or association in the living environment.
5. Mass Media
Mass media can also be referred to as socialization which can affect the
personality and behavior of an individual. Messages conveyed through
mass media such as television can affect the personality of those who see
it.

The role of parents in overcoming deviant behavior among adolescents

According to Daradjat (1968:87) Family/parents provide guidance for
children in daily activities. Both in filling their free time, in socializing, as well as
in community life, it is very important that they feel they have earned the trust and
respect of the community, so that the psychological and social needs they need in
their personal development and development are met. Thus they will feel safe and
trust in the community. Furthermore, they will be spared from behaviors that
disturb the peace and order of society. Furthermore, they will be spared from
behaviors that disturb the peace and order of society. Because parents are the main
institution in shaping the child's personality.
 DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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Rentang Kehidupan (terjemahan). Jakarta: Erlangga.
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Kelurahan Pondang, Kecamatan Amurang Timur Kabupaten Minahasa
Selatan.Journal Volume III. No.1. Tahun 2014
Monks, dkk. 2006. Psikologi Perkembangan: Pengantar Dalam Berbagai
Bagiannya. Yogyakarta: UGM Press
Wulandari, Ade. 2014. Karakteristik Pertumbuhan Perkembangan Remaja dan
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