You are on page 1of 17

....

2001-2002

2002
: .

....


, ,
,
,
,
,
,



().


,
20x30 cm,
,
.

....

:
1. .

. (scanner)
300.000 500.000 , ,
, , .

CD. ,
.
, ,
Internet
. .
,
(slide) ,
.
, reflex,
. ,
,
.
2. , , .
, 3,34
, .


.
(pixel).
. ,

7x10 18x24 180 240 (
),
,
.
,
. ,
,
. ,
, , ,
. ,
. ,
.

....


,
.
.
H , ;
, , ,
.

.
. , ,
,
.
,
.
, , , ,

.
,
. 13x18 ,

.
1/4
,
,
.

.
, (
) .
, ,
,
.
, ,
. ,
,
,
. , ,
, , ,
(white balance), , . ,
,
. ,
,
.
,
100 400 ISO,
( ) .
,
.
, .
,
cpmpact , ,
, 16 1/2.000

....

. ,
1/10.000. , compact

. reflex.
, ,
,
.
, ,
compact , ,
.
, ,
, ,
.
,
.

.
compact
.
, CCD
.
,
(,
, , , , ) .
.
zoom 3x, 5x 10x.
zoom , .


.
, 24bit,
. ,
,
.
, .
, .
30 36bit,
.

.

.
.
.
(Nikon Coolpix 950, Coolpix 990, Sony S70),

.


.

.
( ) .

....

, ( )
,
.
-.
. ,
,
.
.
,
( ).
, ,
,
( , )
,
. ,
,
smartmedia.

: . , ,
, ,
.
:
.
.
, ,

.
, ,
.

.

, ,
, . ,
. :
, ,
.
.
,
. ,
,
, , .
,
, ,
.
:

.
, , ,
. :
3,5 Zip CD-ROM,
.
-,
RGB.
,
.

....

, ,
.
, , .
, ,
. , 10x15
220 . 13x18 430 15x21
20x30 1.950 , .
,
(15-20 ) ,
. ,

RGB. ,
. , CDROM, Zip .
.
.

. ,
,
,
.
.
. 40100 220 ,
.

A
M ,
.
0 1.

, ,
, .
...

....

,
.

SmartMedia .
CompactFlash (CFC)
.

.
,

, . RS232, USB, 1394
FireWire, SCSI, LPT. , .
, USB,
. ,

,
, .
(Card Readers). ,
, Memory Stick Sony.
,
PC .
, (card reader)
.

SmartMedia PCMCIA.
,
CD-R, .
.
.
,
SmartMedia, , CompactFlash (CFC).
, ,
-
. , 32 SmartMedia
CFC.
, CFC
.
, SmartMedia 96.
CompactFlash 500, .
CFC 4x 8x
.

SmartMedia ,
3,5 .
o Microdrive,
IBM 340.
CompactFlash .

CFC.
.

....

, Sony (Memory Stick) ,


Sony .
PCMCIA ,
.

M CFC 8MB Microdrive IBM 340MB.



,
, .
SmartMedia , 3,5 .
, 32
64Kbps RS232 , 115Kbps
, . ,

, .

, ,
(format),
.
, USB
.
25.000
60.000 .
.
1394
(120.000 )
.
, CD-ROM CD-R ,
.




.
, .
( )
,
.
o
,
. ,

. '

.
.

. , ,

.
,
.
, , (picture

....

elements-pixels). Super CCD, Sony


Fujifilm, ,
, .
, ,
.
. ,
.
,

. , Nikon Coolpix 990
.
. ,
,
E10 Sony Cybershot 505 V, ,
.

Fill, R.E.R. Slow Sync


. (fill)
, ,
.
. (R. E. R. Red Eye Reduction)

,

. ,
Slow Sync, fill,
.
,
1/8 .
.

1/60.
, ( )
. , ,
, .
,
,
.


().
. NiMH ,
1.600mAh,
( ). .
(Fujifilm FinePix 40i Fujifilm
FinePix 4700), .
,
.
:
, , ,
.
600
,

....

10

. , ,

.

T
,
,
. ,

(Sepia, Negative). Sony
. , Nikon Ricoh
.


Auto, Program, As, Ae, M, Special Programs. ,
, ,
. , ,
Program, As, Ae , , .
; Program
1/60. A ,
. Program ,
.
,
Ae ( )
As ( ).

, .. .
Ae ( Auto).
Nikon
Coolpix 880.


: , , , ,
.
.
, .
, .


. ' ,
, .
.

,
. .
on, , off, .

....

11

800
ISO, .
.
,
.

....

12



, "" ,
. ,

.

"";

.

;

,
.

.
.

.

,
. ,
,
.

.

.

.
, ,
.
. ' ,
.


,
.
.
;

.

.

;

.
,
.



, pixel (picture element).

.
, .
,

.

. ,
.

,
. ,
, CCD, Charge
Coupled Device.
,
CCD,
.

;

,

....

13


.
120
(), 6
().
( 2000) CCD
3,5 pixels CCD
format 135 mm .




( ).

CCD.

(digital data),

.
- (ADC).
CCD
CCD

,
.

CCD chip,
,

(digital cameras filmless


cameras), scanners, camcorders.
CCD : Charge
Coupled Device, ,
, : .
CCD

(), pixels,
.


RGB: (R), (G) ().
CCD

" ".

.
(),
CCD:
) (linear array).

, .
, ,
CCD,
.

scanners CCD.

.
,
,

RGB.
:
.
,
CCD ,
still life.


(real time).
) (area array).

,
,
. ,


RGB, ""
, .
,
CCD (area array),
,

. ,
CCD CCD .
:
CCD ,
, ,
,
.
pixels CCD,
450 (. Fuji).


,
.
chip
CCD. chip CCD,
: (R), (G)
(). ,

: R, G, .
CCD ,
,
RGB.

chip
()
.

.

....

14

pixel, '
.

(SiO2). , ""
,
.

. CCD ,
,
. ,
, :
,
.
,
.
, ,

.


.

.
: R, G, ,

.


.

"
". , , , "
" , .
bit.



"".
CCD
,
.
pixel
(pixels per inch - ppi),

pixels. , manuals

pixels ( ) CCD.
.. : :
786432 pixels 1024 x 768 pixels.

" ",

. manuals '
,
(. ). ,

CCD ,
.

(ADC),
,
CCD. ,

,
28=256 . ,

. ,

.
,
. , ,
,
28 x 2 8 x 28 = 28+8+8 = 224
=16.777.216 .
8-bit,

24-bit 8-bit ,
bit
, bits
pixel.

- (ADC)
,
10-bit 16-bit .

8-bit
, :
) ()

-
(ADC),
.

,

.
256
. ,
- (ADC)
, 10-bit
( 30-bit)
,
.
,
,
) - ADC
10-bit ,
, ,
.

,
,

....

15

( 8-bit
.

),

""

..
:
, ,
, ,

.
.
:

,
(
, , ),
. , ,
,
. , ,
,
. :

,
.
.
, , ,
,
,
.


,
.
:
.

.



.
,


.

. ,
.

,




.
()
,
.

chip CCD.
,
, ,
, .
(Analog -to-Digital Converter ADC),
() . ,
.
- (ADC)
chip, , ,
(digital data),

. ,
,
()
. , -

(ADC)

(digital data)

Digital Signal Proccessor DSP,
chip

.
(DSP),
,
.
,
(DSP) contrast,

.
, ,

. ,


.
, ,
.
, ,
,
,
.
,
3,5 (1,44 MB).
, '

. ,

....

16

,
, USB
(Universal Serial Bus).
,
.
;


: ,
.
software,
.

()
,

,
.

:
, ' ,
,
.
,
,
.


contrast,
( gamma).

.

. ,


.


.
.

.

.


: (filters).

,
.



:
) Pixel editing ,
pixel .


RAM.

pixel,

.
Photoshop Adobe,

.
Photo Paint Corel.
) Layering technology

.

(layer), ,
,
.
.

RAM.
(real time).

.
(layers).
,
, layers.

Live Picture.
xRes Macromedia

resources:
Digital Imaging News, vol. 2
PhotoNet, vol. 7
PhotoNet, vol. 20
RAM, .-.
basic on digital photography New York Institute f Photography

....

17

You might also like