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CSD2008 BG, IU
References
[1] J. J. Carr, RF Components and Circuits, Newnes, 2002.
CSD2008 BG, IU
Analog Modulation
Amplitude Modulation: Standard amplitude modulation (AM) with carrier. Suppressed-carrier double-sideband modulation (DSB). Single-sideband modulation (SSB). Vestige-sideband modulation (VSB). Frequency Modulation Phase Modulation
CSD2008 BG, IU
Standard AM (1)
AM signal and spectra: The AM signal is: where is positive constant called AM modulation index, x(t) is message, Accosct is carrier signal.
CSD2008 BG, IU
Standard AM (2)
Message spectrum with bandwidth W:
AM spectrum: AM bandwidth is 2W
CSD2008 BG, IU
Standard AM (3)
AM transmitted power:
where Pc represents unmodulated carrier power: and Psb represents power per sideband: where Sx is average message power. If fc >>W and 1, then the message can be extracted from xc(t) by a simple envelope detector.
CSD2008 BG, IU
Standard AM (4)
Product modulator for AM: Using Multiplier:
CSD2008 BG, IU
Standard AM (5)
Using square-law element:
CSD2008 BG, IU
Standard AM (6)
We assumed that the nonlinear element approximates the square law transfer curve: Thus, with
CSD2008 BG, IU
Standard AM (7)
AM demodulation: Synchronous detection (coherent detection): The oscillator of demodulator is exactly synchronized (both phase and frequency) with the carrier.
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Standard AM (8)
Envelop detection:
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