Spin-Orbital Separation in 1-D

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D

Abhiram Soori
Quantum Condensed Matter Journal Club Department of Physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore R EFERENCE J Schlappa et al., Nature, 485, 82 (2012).
12th June 2012
Selected References
A good extensive reference for Physics in 1-D: T. Giamarchi, Quantum Physics in One dimension, Oxford Science Publications (2004).
Selected References
A good extensive reference for Physics in 1-D: T. Giamarchi, Quantum Physics in One dimension, Oxford Science Publications (2004). Spin Charge separation: E.H. Lieb and F.Y. Wu, Phys. Rev. Lett., 20, 1445 (1968). C. Kim et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 77, 4054 (1996). B.J. Kim et al., Nature Phys., 2, 397 (2006). O. M. Auslaender et al., Science, 308, 88 (2005). Y. Jompol et al., Science, 325, 597 (2009). T.L. Schmidt et al., Phys. Rev. B., 82, 245104, (2010).
Selected References
A good extensive reference for Physics in 1-D: T. Giamarchi, Quantum Physics in One dimension, Oxford Science Publications (2004). Spin Charge separation: E.H. Lieb and F.Y. Wu, Phys. Rev. Lett., 20, 1445 (1968). C. Kim et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 77, 4054 (1996). B.J. Kim et al., Nature Phys., 2, 397 (2006). O. M. Auslaender et al., Science, 308, 88 (2005). Y. Jompol et al., Science, 325, 597 (2009). T.L. Schmidt et al., Phys. Rev. B., 82, 245104, (2010). Spin Orbiton Separation: J Schlappa et al., Nature, 485, 82 (2012). Brijesh Kumar, arXiv: 1205.6436 (2012).
Outline
1 2
Introduction Spin-Charge seperation The mechanism The experiment Orbiton in 1-d The mechanism The experiment Kugel-Khomskii model and its exact solution Future directions
4 5
Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Introduction
One of the interesting consequences of Many-body Physics is the emergence of new elementary excitations or new particles. These new particles arise due to the collective behavior of the constituent fundamental particles i.e., electrons.
One of the interesting consequences of Many-body Physics is the emergence of new elementary excitations or new particles. These new particles arise due to the collective behavior of the constituent fundamental particles i.e., electrons. Magnons, phonons fractionally charged particles in Quantum Hall Systems are few common examples.
One of the interesting consequences of Many-body Physics is the emergence of new elementary excitations or new particles. These new particles arise due to the collective behavior of the constituent fundamental particles i.e., electrons. Magnons, phonons fractionally charged particles in Quantum Hall Systems are few common examples. In d > 1 dimensions, Landau Fermi Liquid theory works well with Landau quasi-particles as the elementary excitations. However, the elementary excitations of interacting electron system in 1-d, are spinons and holons(chargons).
Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation
Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The mechanism
Table of Contents
1 2
4 5
Spinons: Each spinon has a spin 1/2 and no charge.
Figure: Spinons in a spin chain: Upper chain is GS - AF-ordered (S = 0). Lower one contains two spinons spatially separated (S = 1).
Spinons: Each spinon has a spin 1/2 and no charge.
Figure: Spinons in a spin chain: Upper chain is GS - AF-ordered (S = 0). Lower one contains two spinons spatially separated (S = 1).
Holons: Each holon has a charge +e, but no spin.
Figure: Pure holon looks like this.
Though spin-charge separation was rst theoretically shown as early as 1968 (Lieb and Wu, PRL, 20, 1445), the rst experimental evidence came in 1996 (Kim et al., PRL, 77, 4054). It is quite challenging to probe spin charge separation in a transport experiment.
Though spin-charge separation was rst theoretically shown as early as 1968 (Lieb and Wu, PRL, 20, 1445), the rst experimental evidence came in 1996 (Kim et al., PRL, 77, 4054). It is quite challenging to probe spin charge separation in a transport experiment. An attempt for spin charge separation in a simple setup that consists of a quantum wire connected to leads fails. Because, it is the electron that reconstitutes from spin and holon that hops on to the lead rather than the spinon and holon separately !
Though spin-charge separation was rst theoretically shown as early as 1968 (Lieb and Wu, PRL, 20, 1445), the rst experimental evidence came in 1996 (Kim et al., PRL, 77, 4054). It is quite challenging to probe spin charge separation in a transport experiment. An attempt for spin charge separation in a simple setup that consists of a quantum wire connected to leads fails. Because, it is the electron that reconstitutes from spin and holon that hops on to the lead rather than the spinon and holon separately ! A direct way would be to remove/add an electron to the system and look for spin charge separation.
Phenomenon of spin-charge separation by photoemissive electron-removal with momentum resolution.
Figure: Spin-Charge seperation in 1-d AF chain
Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The experiment
Table of Contents
1 2
4 5
Spectral function A(, k) is the probability to nd a state with frequency and momentum k.
Spectral function A(, k) is the probability to nd a state with frequency and momentum k. ARPES (Angle Resolved Photoemmision Spectroscopy) is the experimental technique to observe the excitations in solids. It can give the information about energy and momentum of the electrons/excitations in solids.
Spectral function A(, k) is the probability to nd a state with frequency and momentum k. ARPES (Angle Resolved Photoemmision Spectroscopy) is the experimental technique to observe the excitations in solids. It can give the information about energy and momentum of the electrons/excitations in solids. In a spectroscopic (ARPES) experiment, two branches of spectrum conrm the spin-charge separation.
Figure: Courtsey:Wikipedia
Material for experimental investigation
SrCuO2 is a quasi-1-d compound with very weak interchain hopping.
SrCuO2 is a quasi-1-d compound with very weak interchain hopping. It can be mapped to 1-d t-J model due to large onsite repulsion.
SrCuO2 is a quasi-1-d compound with very weak interchain hopping. It can be mapped to 1-d t-J model due to large onsite repulsion. Holon energy scale t and Spinon energy scale J in this compund can be obtained from neutron scattering and Optical techniques as well as from rst principle calculations.
C. Kim et,al (1996) obtained the ARPES spectrum of SrCuO2 .
C. Kim et,al (1996) obtained the ARPES spectrum of SrCuO2 . Using the known values of t and J for Sr2 CuO3 , they calculated Spectral function A(k, ), Charge and Spin correlation functions N(q, ) and S(q, ).
C. Kim et,al (1996) obtained the ARPES spectrum of SrCuO2 . Using the known values of t and J for Sr2 CuO3 , they calculated Spectral function A(k, ), Charge and Spin correlation functions N(q, ) and S(q, ). This gave them an idea of where to look for spinon and holons in the ARPES spectrum.
Numerics on t-J model shows a clear spin charge separation
The spectrum produced broad features expected from t-J model calculations.
The spectrum produced broad features expected from t-J model calculations. The peaks marking the spinon and holon excitations were not clear.
Analysis of peaks (inset: Bethe Ansatz Calculation).
Experiment
The ARPES spectrum of B.J. Kim (2006) showed the clear peaks expected from theory.
Analysis of peaks (inset: Bethe Ansatz Calculation).
Experiment
The ARPES spectrum of B.J. Kim (2006) showed the clear peaks expected from theory. Also, the reason why the peaks were blurred in earlier (1996) experiment was explained.
Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Orbiton in 1-d
Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Orbiton in 1-d The mechanism
Table of Contents
1 2
4 5
Orbitons can arise in 1-d AF spin chains that have an extra orbital degree of freedom.
Orbitons can arise in 1-d AF spin chains that have an extra orbital degree of freedom. The compound Sr2 CuO3 is a quasi-1-D material with CuO4 plaquettes arranged in a chain.
Figure: Particles occupy 3d x 2 y 2 orbitals. Large AF coupling (J 250meV ) renders the chain an AF spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain.
Cu is in 3d 9 conguration one hole state (called particle). Large onsite U drives the system into a Mott-insulating state.
Cu is in 3d 9 conguration one hole state (called particle). Large onsite U drives the system into a Mott-insulating state. So, one hole is in 3d orbital (non-degenerate). At the moment it can occupy one of the two spin degenerate states.
Figure: Spin-orbital separation
Coupling these orbitals to EM-radiation of the right frequency can couple two orbitals giving an extra (the orbital) degree of freedom.
Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Orbiton in 1-d The experiment
Table of Contents
1 2
4 5
Unlike photo-emission, to observe spin-orbiton separation, an electron at a site can be excited to another orbital and the subsequent separation of spinon and orbiton can be looked for.
Unlike photo-emission, to observe spin-orbiton separation, an electron at a site can be excited to another orbital and the subsequent separation of spinon and orbiton can be looked for. The experimental technique to this is called resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS).
Unlike photo-emission, to observe spin-orbiton separation, an electron at a site can be excited to another orbital and the subsequent separation of spinon and orbiton can be looked for. The experimental technique to this is called resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). An incident photon excites the electron in a particular level to an excited state and emits as another photon.
Unlike photo-emission, to observe spin-orbiton separation, an electron at a site can be excited to another orbital and the subsequent separation of spinon and orbiton can be looked for. The experimental technique to this is called resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). An incident photon excites the electron in a particular level to an excited state and emits as another photon. The energy, momentum and spin of the excitations can be found to a good precision.
Coupling mechanism in the RIXS experiment. 3dx 2 y 2 and 3dxz states are coupled primarily.
The spectrum shows spin-orbiton separation.
The spin segment of the spectrum conrms the theoretically predicted spin dynamical structure factor. Further, the continuum of spin excitation has two boundaries with periods and 2 implying that the spinon is created out of the initial zero-spin excitation. (Fadeev and Takhtajan - 1981) !
The spectrum agrees well with the theoretical calculations.
a) Experiment, b)Lower and Upper edges of orbiton, c) Theory.
Kugel-Khomskii (KK) model for Sr2 CuO3 : H = JO

j, (cj, cj+1, + h.c.) + J j
Sj Sj+1 + E0 nj
Kugel-Khomskii (KK) model for Sr2 CuO3 : H = JO

j, (cj, cj+1, + h.c.) + J j
Sj Sj+1 + E0 nj
Authors argue that the above Hamiltonian is identical to 1D t-J model and hence theoretically spin-orbiton separation follows, orbiton taking the role of holon!
Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Kugel-Khomskii model and its exact solution
A recent theory (arXiv: 1205.6436) paper gives exact solution of spin-orbiton separation with a special case of KK model-
KK model for Sr2 CuO3 : H=

l z x [Jz lz l+1 +J Xl,l+1 (lx l+1 +l l+1 )+Jl l+1 +lz ] y y
where Xl,l+1 = (1 + l l+1 )/2; is orbital-pseudo-spin.
KK model for Sr2 CuO3 : H=

l z x [Jz lz l+1 +J Xl,l+1 (lx l+1 +l l+1 )+Jl l+1 +lz ] y y
where Xl,l+1 = (1 + l l+1 )/2; is orbital-pseudo-spin. Above paper solves the case with J = 0.
Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Future directions
All the orbiton-peaks are not clearly visible in the ARPES spectrum. Future experiments could aim at more distinct peaks.
All the orbiton-peaks are not clearly visible in the ARPES spectrum. Future experiments could aim at more distinct peaks. There are unaccounted spectral weights in the experimental results. Some of these have been qualitatively speculated to come from terms disregarded in theoretical models such as next-nearest neighbor hopping, coupling to phonons and temperature.
All the orbiton-peaks are not clearly visible in the ARPES spectrum. Future experiments could aim at more distinct peaks. There are unaccounted spectral weights in the experimental results. Some of these have been qualitatively speculated to come from terms disregarded in theoretical models such as next-nearest neighbor hopping, coupling to phonons and temperature. Kugel-Khomskii model with Jl l+1 term may be an interesting problem to look at.
Spin-charge-orbiton separation ? Is is possible to produce spinon, holon and orbiton at the same time in a single set-up?
Spin-charge-orbiton separation ? Is is possible to produce spinon, holon and orbiton at the same time in a single set-up? A boon to Quantum Computing ? One roadblock in Quantum Computing is decoherence .
Spin-charge-orbiton separation ? Is is possible to produce spinon, holon and orbiton at the same time in a single set-up? A boon to Quantum Computing ? One roadblock in Quantum Computing is decoherence . The orbital transitions are fast ( 1015 seconds), compared to orbiton decoherence time ( 1014 seconds). This hints at possible application of orbital degree of freedom in realizing Quantum computer. Nature News - doi:10.1038/nature.2012.10471
Understanding orbiton is expected to give some useful tips in understanding of the theories on high-Tc superconductivity in pnictides and CuO2 based materials.
Selected References
A good extensive reference for Physics in 1-D: T. Giamarchi, Quantum Physics in One dimension, Oxford Science Publications (2004).
Selected References
A good extensive reference for Physics in 1-D: T. Giamarchi, Quantum Physics in One dimension, Oxford Science Publications (2004). Spin Charge separation: E.H. Lieb and F.Y. Wu, Phys. Rev. Lett., 20, 1445 (1968). C. Kim et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 77, 4054 (1996). B.J. Kim et al., Nature Phys., 2, 397 (2006). O. M. Auslaender et al., Science, 308, 88 (2005). Y. Jompol et al., Science, 325, 597 (2009). T.L. Schmidt et al., Phys. Rev. B., 82, 245104, (2010).
Selected References
A good extensive reference for Physics in 1-D: T. Giamarchi, Quantum Physics in One dimension, Oxford Science Publications (2004). Spin Charge separation: E.H. Lieb and F.Y. Wu, Phys. Rev. Lett., 20, 1445 (1968). C. Kim et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 77, 4054 (1996). B.J. Kim et al., Nature Phys., 2, 397 (2006). O. M. Auslaender et al., Science, 308, 88 (2005). Y. Jompol et al., Science, 325, 597 (2009). T.L. Schmidt et al., Phys. Rev. B., 82, 245104, (2010). Spin Orbiton Separation: J Schlappa et al., Nature, 485, 82 (2012). Brijesh Kumar, arXiv: 1205.6436 (2012).
Acknowledgements
Thanks to QCMJC without which I would not have gone through many of these papers in detail and give this talk.
Acknowledgements
Thanks to my advisor Prof. Diptiman Sen for discussions. Thanks to QCMJC without which I would not have gone through many of these papers in detail and give this talk.
Acknowledgements
Thanks to my advisor Prof. Diptiman Sen for discussions. Thanks to QCMJC without which I would not have gone through many of these papers in detail and give this talk. Thanks to audience for patient presence and listening.

Spin-Orbital Separation in 1-D

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Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D

12th June 2012

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Introduction

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Introduction

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Introduction

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Introduction

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The mechanism

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The mechanism

Spinons: Each spinon has a spin 1/2 and no charge.

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The mechanism

Spinons: Each spinon has a spin 1/2 and no charge.

Holons: Each holon has a charge +e, but no spin.

Figure: Pure holon looks like this.

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The mechanism

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The mechanism

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The mechanism

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The mechanism

Phenomenon of spin-charge separation by photoemissive electron-removal with momentum resolution.

Figure: Spin-Charge seperation in 1-d AF chain

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The experiment

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The experiment

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The experiment

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The experiment

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The experiment

Material for experimental investigation

SrCuO2 is a quasi-1-d compound with very weak interchain hopping.

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The experiment

Material for experimental investigation

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The experiment

Material for experimental investigation

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The experiment

C. Kim et,al (1996) obtained the ARPES spectrum of SrCuO2 .

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The experiment

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The experiment

Numerics on t-J model shows a clear spin charge separation

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The experiment

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The experiment

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The experiment

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The experiment

Analysis of peaks (inset: Bethe Ansatz Calculation).

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Spin-Charge seperation The experiment

Analysis of peaks (inset: Bethe Ansatz Calculation).

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Orbiton in 1-d

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Orbiton in 1-d The mechanism

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Orbiton in 1-d The mechanism

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Orbiton in 1-d The mechanism

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Orbiton in 1-d The mechanism

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Orbiton in 1-d The mechanism

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Orbiton in 1-d The mechanism

Figure: Spin-orbital separation

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Orbiton in 1-d The experiment

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Orbiton in 1-d The experiment

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Orbiton in 1-d The experiment

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Orbiton in 1-d The experiment

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Orbiton in 1-d The experiment

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Orbiton in 1-d The experiment

Spin-orbital seperation in 1-D Orbiton in 1-d The experiment