HUMAN SPEECH APPARATUS Stages in voice Production 1. Breathing2. Phonation3. Resonation4. Articulation 1.

I nhalation

Upp er p art of the chest ex p ands

Abdomen moves forward2. Exhalation

C hest and abdomen return to their original p ositions 2 PRINCIPAL STRUCTURES 1.

Dia p p arating the chest cavity from the abdomen, formsthe floor of the chest and the roof of the abdomen ACTIVITIES TO ATTAIN CORRECT BREATHING IN SPEECH 1. I nhale dee p ly and/or more ra p idly.2. Maintain a steady p ressure of air as you talk.3. Maintain an adequate breath reserve.

T akes p lace when voice is p roduced in s p eaking as the ex p iratory air stream from the lungs goesu p through the trachea or wind p

i p e to the larynx. 2 PRINCIPAL STRUCTURES 1. L p rinci p al organ of p honation; found at the to p of the trachea; its p rotuberanceis pp

p air of bundle s of muscles andcartilages, which o p en and close at various degrees. y I n silent breathing, V C so p en wide and let air in and out without hindrance.

y I n whis p ering, they o p en p artly, let out large amounts of air, and p roduce onlyfrictional sounds. y I ns p eech, V C s come together under tension and the controlled air

p ressurefrom the lungs cause them to vibrate. y I t is the p rocess of voice am p lification and modification. HUMAN RESONATORS y Upp er p art of larynx y Pharynx o C ommon p assageway for air and food o L ocated behind the nose and mouth and includes the cavity at the back of thetongue o S oft p p arates the nasal p

harynx from the oral cavity y N asal cavity o N ose

p ening called N ostrils

I nternal ( N asal C p asses on its way to the p harynx. y S e p internal nose in two se p arate p assageway y

O ral cavity o

p ortant resonator as well as the center for the formation of s p ecific s p eech sounds y O ccurs when the tone p roduced at the larynx is changed into s p ecific sounds. y Result of the movement of the articulators towards the p oints of articulation.Articulators y L ower jaw y L ower li p y T ongue

y Velum ( S oft Palate) y U vulaPoints of Articulation y Upp er li p y Upp er teeth y Upp er alveolar ridge y H ard p alate y Velum