Autonomic Pharmacology Cholinergic receptors Muscarinic -muscarine -acetylcholine Nicotinic -nicotine -acetylcholine Adrenergic Receptors Alpha and Beta:

norepinephrine and epinephrine Drugs acting on cholinergic receptors -Hemicholinium -Triethylcholine -Vesamicol Direc-Acting cholinoceptor stimulants Choline esters -acetylcholine -methalocholine -carbachol -bethanechol Alkaloids -Pilocarpine -nicotine -lobeline -muscarine Ganglion stimulants -nicotine -lobeline -dimethylphenylpiperazinium Drugs that inhibit cholinesterase -Acetylcholinesterase -Buterylcholinesterase (widespread) -Edrophonium -neostigmine -Pyridostigmine -Physostigmine -Organophosphates 1. short-acting anticholinesterase -edrophonium 2. medium-duration anticholinesterase -neostigmine -pyridostigmine -physostigmine 3. irreversible anticholinesterase -organophosphates Centrally-acting cholinesterase inhibitors -Tacrine -Rivastigmine -Donezepil -Galantamine Neuromuscular-Blocking drugs Non-Depolarizing -Tubocurarine (prototype drug) -Atracurium

-Doxacurium -Mivacurium -Pancuronium -Vecuronium -Pipecuronium -Rocuronium Depolarizing -Acetylcholine (prototype drug) -Succinylcholine Drugs acting on adrenergic receptors Alpha agonist -isoproterenol -epinephrine -phenylephrine -dopamine Beta agonist -epinephrine -isoproterenol -dopamine Sympathomimetic drugs Cathecolamines -Epinephrine -Norepinephrine -isoproterenol -dopamine -dobutamine -phenylephrine -ephedrine -tyramine Alpha adrenergic antagonist -Phenotolamine -Phenoxybensamine -Prazosin Beta blockers -metoprolol -atenolol -acebutolol -butoxamine -labetolol -pindolol -acebutolol Local anesthesia For parenteral: -lidocaine -prilocaine -articaine -bupivacaine -mepivacaine For surface app: -benzocaine -tetracaine -dyclonine -cocaine HCL -Lidocaine.Prilocaine EMLA General anesthetics Inhaled anesthetics: -desflurane

-enflurane -halothane -isoflurane -sevoflurane -nitrous oxide Intravenous anesthetics: -barbiturates -thiopental -thioamylal -methohexital -benzodiazepines -midozalam -dissociative -ketamine -imidazole -etomidate -opioids -fentanyl -alfentanil -remifentanil -morphine -phenols -propofol -fospropofol Autacoids Biologically active amines -histamine antihistamine -H1 Receptor antagonist 1st gen drug -ethanolamines -enthylenediamines -alkylamines -piperazines -phenothiazines 2nd gen -aztemizole -loratadine -terfenadine -fexofenadine -cetrizine -serotonin H2 Receptor antagonist (gastric, GE) -cimetidine (endocrine toxicity, liver-cholestatic effects) -ranitidine(liver tox-reversible hepa) -famotidine -nizatidine -ergot alkaloids -ergotamine- vasoselective -ergonovine-post-partum bleed -lysergic acid dietyhulamide: CNS -bromocriptine- dopa act. Eicosanoids -prostaglandin Inhibitors of Biosynthesis 1. Reduce availability of Ca

2. Glucocorticoids 3. ASA & NSAIDS 4. Zileuton 5. Montelukast and Zafirlukast (bronchial asthma) -thromboxanes -leukotrienes -lipoxins PAF Endogenous Polypeptides -agiotensin -Kinins (bradykinin and kallidin) -substance P -vasoactive intestinal peptide Cytokines -interleukines -interferons -tumor necrosis factor-alpha Serotonin (5-HT) -serotonin receptors -serotonin agonist -sumatriptan (acute membrane) -tegaserod (5HT4) -serotonin antagonist 1. cyproheptadine H1/5HT receptor antagonist 2. ketanserin 3. ondansetron 5HT3 receptor ant 4. methysergide- antagonizes vasoconstrictor 5. Clozapine- hi affinity dopa recept 6. Risperidone Anti-hypertensive and Anti-angina Drugs Thiazide diuretics Loop Diuretics Aldosterone Blockers Beta Blockers Nonselective -Nado -Proprano -Timo -Pindo -Carteo -Penbutolol Selective -Ateno -Esmo -Metopro -Bisopro -Betaxo -Acebuto With alpha blocking activity -Labetalol -Carvedilol -Bucindolol Alpha-blockers

effect, ergot alk

ACE Inhibitors Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Ca Channel Blockers -Phenylakylamines- verapamil -Benzothiazepines- diltiazem -Dihydropyridines Anti-HTN Meds -Minoxidil, hydralazine -Aliskiren- DRI -Endothelin antagonist -Dopamine agonist- fenoldopam Anti-anginal medications -Nitrates -Aspirin -Clopidogrel -Prasugrel -Ranolazine- piperazine derivative -Nicorandil Anticoagulant, thrombolytic and antiplatelet Unfractionated heparin Low molecular wt heparin -Dalteparin -Enoxaparin -Nadroparin Coumarins (Warfarin) -aspirin -dipyridamole -triclopidine Platelet aggregation inhibitor -clopidogrel Anti-fibrinolytic agent -tranexamic acid Anti-arrhytmic drugs Na channel block Lidocaine (Nystagmus) Phenytoine Procanamide Quinidine K channel block Amiodarone Quinidine Sotalol Ca channel block Verapamil Diltiazem B Adrenergic Blockers Atenolol Metoprolol Digitalis glycosides Digoxin Digitoxin Drug Used in Heart Failure Arterial dilators- hydralazine GI Drugs Motility promoters

Metoclopramide Cholinomimetics Drugs for irritable bowel syndrome Anticholinergics Serotonin antagonist Drugs for inflammatory bowel disease 5-ASA drugs Corticosteroids Immunosuppresants Anti-TNF drugs Others Pancreatic lipase Laxatives Antidiarrheals Ursodiol Drugs for acid-peptic disease Antacids H2 blockers PPI -omeprazole -lansoprazole -pantoprazole -rabeprazole -esomeprazole Mucosal protective agents -sucralfate -misoprostol -bismuth compounds -antibiotics Anti-emetics 5HT3 blockers - ondasetron D2 blockers - prochlorperazine H1 blockers - diphenhydramine Antimuscarinics - scopolamine Cannabinolds - dronabinol Neurokinin receptor antagonist -aprepilant Antacid preparations Sodium bicarbonate Ca carbonate Magnesium hydroxide Aluminum hydroxide- minimum

Histamine receptor antagonist Dopamine receptor antagonist Metoclopromide Domperidone- don t cross BBB

Serotonin receptor modulators Cisapride Motilin agonist Erythromycin Laxative -Luminally active agents 1. Bulk formers a. Psyllium b. Methycellulose 2. Osmotics a. Lactulose b. Saline purgatives c. Mg sulphate d. Mg hydroxide 3. Stool softeners a. Docusate sodium b. Glycerine c. Mineral pil -Stimulants Bisacodyl Sodium picosulfate Senna -Prokinetic agents -Chloride channel activator Lubiprostone -Opioid receptor antagonist Methylnaltrexone Alvimopan Antimotility agents Dephenoxylate Loperamide

Tegaserod