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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

B CNG NGHIP TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP.HCM Trung Tm Th Nghim Thc Hnh Cng Ngh Ha Hc *****

BO CO THC TP

QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT MY CN V

Ti n v thc tp Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng ( t ngy 12/3/07 n ngy )

GVHD SVTT LP NGNH

: Th.s L Th Thanh Hng : :CHHC 6k : Ha hu c

Thnh ph H Ch Minh, 4. 2007

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

LI CM N

Qua thi gian hc tp ti trng, chng em c trang b nhng kin thc c bn v cng ngh ho hc v t thc tp ny gip chng em hiu v nm bt su hn thc t quy trnh sn xut. Chng em rt vui mng khi c vo thc tp ti Cng ty C Phn nha Rng ng, mt n v c uy tn cht lng t danh hiu Hng Vit Nam cht lng cao, c trang thit b mi v hin i. Nhng kin thc m chng em tm hiu v tip thu trong thi gian qua l nhng kin thc v cng qu bu cho chng em trn con ng s nghip sau ny khi ra trng. Chng em xin chn thnh cm n qu thy c tn tm ging dy trong sut thi gian hc tp gip chng em c thm kin thc i vo thc tin cuc sng. Chng em chn thnh cm n c L Th Thanh Hng nhit tnh hng dn chng em hon thnh bi bo co ny. Xin chn thnh cm n ban lnh o v ton th cng nhn vin trong cng ty c phn nha Rng ng c bit l anh ..Knh, b nhiu thi gian ging gii t m cho chng em v cng ngh sn xut. Chng em c gng hon thnh bi bo co ny nhng vi lng kin thc cn hn ch v thi gian thc tp ngn nn khng trnh khi c thiu st. Chng em rt mong nhn c nhng kin ph bnh, ng gp t qu thy c s hiu bit ca chng em c trn vn. Sau cng, chng em xin knh chc qu thy c trng H Cng Nghip Tp.HCM ni chung v thy c khoa ha ni ring di do sc khe, hnh phc v thnh cng trong s nghip trng ngi. Chc qu Cng ty ngy cng pht trin, i sng cn b cng nhn vin ngy c nng cao gp phn xy dng t nc ngy cng giu mnh. Tp.HCM, Thng 4/2006. Nhm Sinh Vin thc tp.

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

PHN I:

TNG QUAN V CNG TY

1.1 Khi qut v cng ty

1.1.1 Lch S Hnh Thnh & Pht Trin T u thp nin 60: c thnh lp vi tn l hng UFEOC (Lin hip cc x nghip cao su Vin ng Php). Nm 1962 i tn thnh UFIPLASTIC COMPANY, chuyn sn xut cc sn phm gia dng bng nha do nh r, lng bn, r ng giy vn phng - T 1963 1975: nhp khu cc my cn u tin t Nht Bn v i Loan sn xut cc loi gi da, khn tri bn, mng mng PVC. Nhp khu mt s my mc thit b p n lm tn PVC, ng nc cng v mm, ng bc dy in,. u t dy chuyn my trng ca Nht sn xut gi da PU xp, vi trng PVC, PU, vi d chng thm. - Sau ngy 30/4/1975 Cty UFIPLASTIC chuyn thnh NH MY NHA RNG NG (thng 11/1977), trc thuc Cty Cng ngh phm B Cng nghip nh. - T 1985 - 1995: Nh my chuyn i sn xut kinh doanh theo c ch th trng, xo b c ch bao cp. i tn thnh CNG TY NHA RNG NG v c cp giy php xut nhp khu trc tip. Lin doanh vi Cty Full-Dexterity (i Loan) chuyn sn xut gi da PU, giy dn tng, vi chng thm xut khu. - Nm 1993: Thnh lp Nh my Nha Hc Mn chuyn sn xut bao b. - T 1996 - 2005: t l thnh vin ca Tng Cng ty Nha Vit Nam (1996) cho n nm 2003 cng ty chuyn v trc thuc trc tip B Cng nghip.

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

- Nm 1996: Thnh lp Chi nhnh cng ty v Nh my Nha giy Bnh Minh ti H Ni. - Nm 1997: Thnh lp Nh my Nha Nha Trang ti TP. Nha Trang - tnh Khnh Ho. - Nm 1999: Cng ty mua li phn vn gp ca i tc i Loan ti XNLD Li Ph ng thnh lp Nh my Nha 6 chuyn sn xut kinh doanh gi da PVC, PU, vi trng nha, tm tri sn sn cu lng, vi chm chy - Nm 2000: thnh lp Chi nhnh Cng ty ti Ngh An.
- Nm 2003: Cng ty nhn chng ch ISO 9001-2000.

- Ngy 02/5/2005: Cng ty c c phn ho, chnh thc i vo hot ng vi tn l CNG TY C PHN NHA RNG NG. Tr s chnh: Vn phng giao dch, trng by sn phm v nh my sn xut.
- a ch: 190, Lc Long Qun, phng 3, Qun 11, tp.H Ch Minh.

- in thoi: (84-8) 9692272 9690652. - Fax: (84-8) 9692843.

- Website: www.rdplastic.com.vn - Email: rangdong1@hcm.vnn.vn

Cc chi nhnh: - Chi nhnh cng ty H Ni. - Chi nhnh cng ty Ngh An. - Chi nhnh cng ty nh my nha Hc Mn. - Chi nhnh cng ty nh my nha C Chi. - Chi nhnh cng ty nh my nha Bc Ninh. - Chi nhnh cng ty nh my nha Bnh Dng. - Cng ty c phn nha Nha Trang.
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1.1.2 C cu, h thng t chc

I HI NG C NG

Cc t chc chnh tr x hi

HI NG QUN TR
BA N K IM SOT

TNG GIM C CNG TY

GIM C H .K.DOANH TR L TG
K TON TR NG

GIM C H KT -SX

Phng kinh doanh

Phng vt t

Phng Maketing

B an kho vn

Phng ti chnh k ton

Phng t chc lao ng

Phng hnh chnh T hp

TT.NG CHT DO

Phng K TC

Y t li xe Ca hng K D SP Ca hng K DN VL C a hng KD SPCB

C c b phn trc thuc

KHI SN XUT

CN.CTY ti H N I

C N.CTY ti NGH AN

C N.CTY NM nh a H OC MN

N H MY N HA I

1.1.3 Lnh vc hot ng

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

Theo Giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh cng ty c phn. s 4103003236, ngy 28/3/2005 ca S K hoch u t TP. HCM cp. 1.1.3.1 Ngnh ngh kinh doanh: - Sn xut, mua bn hng nha gia dng v k thut: mng nha, gi da, tn, vn nha,bao b in-trng-ghp, vt liu xy dng, chai nha, o ma, cp, ti xch. - Ch to my mc thit b ngnh nha. - Xy dng dn dng, cng nghip. San lp mt bng. Cho thu vn phng, kho bi. Kinh doanh. khch sn, nh hng. - Dch v t chc hi tho. o to dy ngh. - Nhp khu & kinh doanh nguyn liu vt t, linh kin my mc thit b sn xut ngnh nha. - Th trng trong v ngoi nc. 1.1.3.2 Ngi i din: ng H C LAM: Ch tch HQT Tng gim c. 1.1.4 Thnh tu, chng nhn t c "CHNG TRNH THNG HIU NI TING TI VIT NAM" chng nhn thng hiu "NHA RNG NG" l thng hiu ni ting ti Vit Nam", do ngi tiu dng bnh chn nm 2006. Giy chng nhn s: WBP C 0506292, ngy 5/4/2006 ca Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip VN v Nh cung cp thng tin chng thc AC Nielsen Vit Nam cp. - Gii thng quc gia Cp vng thng hiu cng nghip Vit Nam nm 2006. - t thng hiu ni ting ti Vit Nam.

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

- Huy chng vng ca b cng nghip hi ch quc t v cc sn phm: bao b ng rau c qu sy kh, vi chy chm, mng PEVA, thm tri sn sn cu lng c k hiu CC3B-3.5 vo nm 2006.

1.2 An ton lao ng v phng chy cha chy

1.2.1. An ton lao ng Cng nhn phi nm vng nguyn l vn hnh my, chp hnh ng ni quy lao ng: eo gng tay, khu trang, mc qun o bo h lao ng. Thn trng khi lm vic ti cc b phn nguy him nh: o keo my trn, b phn ct keo thnh phm, lun keo qua my cn, v sinh my cn 4 trc Khi c s c phi bo ngay cho ngi c trch nhim n x l, khng nn t lm, trnh nh hng n ngi xung quanh v thit hi ti sn ca cng ty. Cng nhn v cn b c hng ch an ton lao ng. 1.2.2 An ton thit b Cc ni dung an ton: 1. Khi tip nhn ca hoc trc khi m my cn kim tra li cc thit

bi c lin quan n sn xut, dng c lao ng, in, hi nc, du, 2. Khi lm vic phi lun trang b cc vt dng bo h lao ng ca

nh my nh qun o, gng tay, khu trang, 3. Trong qu trnh thao tc phi thng xuyn ch n cc thng

s k thut nh: nhit gia nhit, p sut hi, p lc du, cng dng in, in p, 4. Khi s dng thit b nng nng, di chuyn bao bt hoc cc

my mc thit b khc tuyt i khng cho php bt c ai ng pha di hoc pha trn.

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

5.

Tuyt i khng c t iu chnh cc cm bin ti trng ca

cc cn nguyn liu. 6. Khi ng thao tc np thng trn phi cn thn trnh ng xung

my nu. 7. th. 8. Trong qu trnh thao tc c m ca hng my nu phi cn thn Khi cho bin vo my nu phi cn thn khng vng vo c

khng cc vt dng c nhn, vt l ri vo my nu. 9. Kim tra khe h trc my nghin trc khi thao tc.

10.Trong qu trnh thao tc ti my nghin phi cn thn khng cc gng tay, dao ct, dng c, vt dng c nhn ri vo my v keo ri vo ngi. 11.Khi my lc ang hot ng, khng c php dng tay hoc cc vt dng khc thao tc phn keo, trong phu np liu. 12.Phi cn thn khi thao tc thay li lc trnh tm li lc ri vo ngi. 13.Trc khi m my, cn kim tra xem xt cc khe h trc cn, chuyn ng ca cc bng ti. Nu c hin tng l phi bo cho ngi c trch nhim kp thi x l. Ch nhng ngi c trch nhim vn hnh my mi c bm my. 14.Khi my ang chy khng ti, khng c thu hp khe h trc, ch khi no c keo mi c thc hin ng tc ny. 15.Khi v sinh my cn phi ch chiu quay ca trc, phi lau trc theo chiu quay hng ra ngoi ca khe h trc. 16.Khi nng, h trc xut liu, phi bo cho ngi ang trong phm vi bit trnh ra ngoi. Trong trng hp cn v sinh trc xut liu khi my ang hot ng phi ht sc thn trng, trnh trng hp ko tay vo khe trc, vic lau chi lm tng t my cn.

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17.Trng hp ly keo t trc y v lun keo t trc xut liu ra ngoi khi trc ang c gai nhit l rt nguy him, phi tp trung v ht sc cn thn. Ngi thao tc phi thnh tho mi c lm. 18.Khi lun keo qua cc trc lnh, dn qun phi cn thn trnh kt tay vo khe trc. 19.Khi dch chuyn dn lnh cn cho nhng ngi ng xung quanh bit trnh ra xa. 20.Khi ly bin phi ht sc cn thn, khng dao ct bin ct vo tay. 21.Khi dn bin qua trc ru-lo ko bin, khng c a st tay vo khe h trc, d dn n tai nn kt tay. 22.Khi ly nghing ly li st trong ng nha phi c ngi ph , trnh trng hp li st ri vo chn gy tai nn. 1.2.3 Phng chy cha chy Nguyn liu sn xut trong xng v sn phm to ra u l thnh phn d chy. Ngun in s dng li rt mnh, nhit ti cc thit b rt cao nn phi tht ch , thn trng trnh ha hon xy ra. Mt bng nh xng phi rng ri, thong mt. ng i phi rng xe cu ha d dng lu thng khi xy ra s c. Trong xng c nhiu li thot him, cng nhn c th thot ra nhanh chng v thun tin cho vic cha chy. Xung quanh nh xng, ti nhng ni d xy ra chy u c t nhiu thit b PCCC sn sng khi cn. Cn b cng nhn vin c hng dn phng chy cha chy v c thc v cch phng chy cha chy.

1.3 Cc dng nng lng s dng v tin nghi h tr

1.3.1 i vi nh my nha I 1.3.1.2 in

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

Cc h thng thit b my mc ca c nh my nha I u s dng nng lng in c cung cp trc tip t ng dy quc gia. Ngoi ra, bo m n nh sn xut k c trong trng hp cp in, ti trm pht in dng in c nng ln hiu in th 380V, cng dng in khng ti 110 120A. in c s dng ch yu trong vic gia nhit cho cc my n thng qua cc in tr, dng vn hnh cc motor, qut lm ngui, qut ht, qut thng gi, h thng qun sn phm, Cng ty s dng trm bin th ring cung cp in. 1.3.1.2 Nc Nc c s dng cho 2 mc ch chnh: sinh hot v trao i nhit. - Nc sinh hot: Cung cp bi h thng nc my thnh ph. - Nc cung cp lm lnh: my trn cao tc, my lc (nc c dn vo v o gii nhit), dn lnh ca cc my cn (nc c dng ti lnh lm ngui sn phm), nc c bm t ging ln qua dn ma gim phn bo m bn my, ng ng, ri theo cc ng ng i n thit b cn trao i nhit, nc c s dng tun hon nn t tn hao. 1.3.1.3 Cc tin nghi khc Nh my cn c h thng kh nn vn hnh cc piston kh nn, h thng hi t l hi v l du gia nhit cho cc trc, v nc ch yu c s dng lm lnh cho cc trc. 1.3.2 i vi h thng my cn V 1.3.2.1 Du So vi cc h thng cn c I, II, III c gia nhit bng hi nc, d gy s c cho h thng ng. Do hi nc kh gii nhit khi nhit cao tng p sut nhanh nn ngi ta phi theo di thng xuyn ng h ti cc ng. i

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vi h thng cn V, cc trc c gia nhit bng du c cung cp t l du nhit nh sau:

Nghin A

T R M

L du

Nghin B

Lc

My cn 4 trc

u tin, du ESSO c t nng trong l du nhit bng tia la in (nhit ng khi 2030C). Du t bn cha c bm vo l theo ba ng ng dn. Bn trong v ngoi, cc ng dn du c qun theo hnh xon c to thnh ba lp dy qun. u l du, du F.O c bm qua b lc n b phn sy du v phun vo l dng sng. Ti u l c h thng tia la in t du theo chu k nh la.

3 3

2 2

1 1
2 2 4 3

11

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Cu to bn trong ca l du nhit 1. ng la. 2. ng dn du ESSO. 3. V ngoi cch nhit.

Cu to bn ngoi ca l du nhit 1. ng dn du F.O 2. B phn nh la. 3. Thn l. 4. ng dn du ESSO.

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Du ESSO sau khi c t nng theo ba ng ng dn ra ngoi ra khi l vi nhit u ra 1940-2200C. sau khi ra khi l du nhit theo ng ng n h thng bm khu vc my cn V. h thng bm s bm du trc tip n cc trc cn. Sau khi trao i nhit, du theo ng ng ra tr v bm. Du tr v h thng bm th c bm vo bn cha l du nhit. Ti cc trc nhit lm vic yu cu 1800C. m bo s n nh nhit cho cc trc, ti u ng du ra c thit b cm ng nhit . Trong trng hp nhit du cao hn nhit t th van ti u vo trc cn s ng li gim lu lng du vo trc ng thi m van ti ng ng ra. Lc phn ln du theo ng ng ra v bm. Trn ng ng du ra c mt ci van, khi nhit du trn ng ng ra l thp th i thng ra ng ng du chnh v l du nhit. khi nhit u ra l cao th van ng ng ng dn du ra ng chnh, m ng ng dn du vo thit b trao i nhit. sau khi trao i nhit, du theo ng ng dn vo ng ng vo trc. ti u ng ng dn du vo trc c van iu tit lng du t ng ng chnh v lng du qua thit b trao i nhit.

nc n c

du da u

Hnh : Thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng trn ng ra

1.3.2.2 Nc Nc ti lnh n: - My trn cao tc, my lc, dn lnh, c bit trc take off s dng nc thng nc nng hoc nc lnh. Nc thng c bm trc tip, khi yu

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cu s dng nc nng th nc c bm vo ba bnh trao i nhit: hai bnh un nc trc tip bng in tr v mt bnh dng du nng gia nhit. Nc lnh th c cung cp trc tip t h thng my lnh trm. - H thng bm du: nc c bm vo cc thit b trao i nhit gim nhit du ti ng ng dn du ra. - Nc sau khi trao i nhit theo ng ng ra tr v trm bm nc vo h thng gii nhit. Nc c gii nhit bng cch c bm ln mm to nh ma tng din tch trao i nhit v c h thng qut gii nhit cng chiu.

1.4 X l ph thi v v sinh cng nghip

1.4.1 X l ph thi - Nc thi ch yu l nc sinh hot, khng b nhim kim loi nng hay ha cht nn c th thi ra ngoi theo h thng thot nc ca thnh ph, khng cn qua x l. - Nc dng gii nhit cc trc, cc my n nh hnh sn phm, lu chuyn tun hon khng gy nhim. - Hi nha ti nhng ni gia nhit nh my n, my nghin trn, trc cnc thnh phn ch yu l du, c ht theo ng ng ring thu hi lng du cun theo trc khi thi vo mi trng. - Bi ti ni nu c qut ht thu hi lng bt nha ko theo v trnh gy bi cho nh my. - H thng qut thng gi t ngc thit k u trn mi. 1.4.2 V sinh cng nghip Dng chi v sinh sch s cc bi bn bm xung quanh bao bt. Dng khi nn v sinh sch s cc bi bn bm y bao bt, xung quanh np cyclo.
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V sinh sch s cc b phn v khu vc lm vic. Dng kh nn v sinh sch s cc bt bm thnh, ba, ...ca my nu. Khi dng my: v sinh sch s h thng cn, my trn, my nu, m bo khng cn nguyn liu trong cc b phn v v sinh sch s chung quanh my qun. 1.4.2.1 My nghin Khi chun b - V sinh sch s my v khu vc chung quanh my. - Kim tra s hot ng ca cc bng ti v v sinh sch s. - Trong thi gian gia nhit, dng vi sch lau sch cc trc nghin, v sinh sch s cc mm hng keo ri. - Khi dng my: v sinh sch s my v khu vc chung quanh my. 1.4.2.2 Khu lc - Khi chun b: v sinh my, khu vc lm vic. - Khi dng my: v sinh sch s chung quanh my, cho my chy ht nha trong my n ra. 1.4.2.3 Khu cn 4 trc Khi chun b: - V sinh, kim tra b mt ca cc trc (k c trc cao su v trc vn nu c). - V sinh sch s cc b phn my v khu vc lm vic. - V sinh trc cn: ly mt mnh vi thun (loi coton 100%) c kch thc khong 60cm x 60cm, cho vo mt t acid stearic v dng dy buc tm li.

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- Dng tay cm gi acid ny xt mnh vo cc trc cn tht u v rt cn thn, khng kp tay vo trc cn. - Sau cng dng vi thun sch lau li cn thn cc trc cn. (ch cc vt dng v sinh phi ni sch s, khng dnh t ct,... khi dng li s khng gy try sc trc cn.) Khi dng my: V sinh trc cn, lau sch cc vt bn cn dnh trn trc. 1.4.2.4 Khu xut liu - Ly vi thun lau sch cc cht d bm trn b mt trc. trong khi lau nu thy sp cn bm trn b mt trc, dng dao g cy cho sp ri ra ht, ri dng vi sch lau li. thng khi v sinh khng c lm lnh trc v khi trn b mt s ngng t m rt kh cho cng vic v sinh.
- Tuyt i khng c dng sp lau ln trc take off.

1.4.2.5 Khu p vn - Cc trc vn, trc cao su, trc st trc khi a vo sn xut phi c v sinh sch s. lau chi bi bm, t ct, du m,khng c chng bm trn trc gy nh hng cht lng mng. - Khi v sinh phi dng vi thun (coton 100%) lau, trnh t ct ri vo vi khi lau s try sc b mt trc. 1.4.2.6 Khu lm lnh - Trc khi sn xut cn phi v sinh tt c cc trc. - Ngi t th vng chc, lau tng trc. lau trn b mt trc trc, sau quay trc cho mt di trc quay len lau. - Lau sch nhng vt d bm trn b mt trc, c th lm nh hng n cht lng mng. 1.4.2.7 Khu qun sn phm

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- V sinh sch s 4 trc qun, trc cao su p. - V sinh sch s ti cc my phun bt, nn sng ng bt ri. Dng my ht bi ht sch bt, bi bn bm vo cc trc dn.

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Chng II

NGUYN LIU

2.1 Nha PVC

2.1.1 Gii thiu PVC c trng hp theo s sau: nCH2=CHCl (-CH2-CHCl-)n Phn ng trng hp ny c th tin hnh theo cc phng php: dng). tim
-

Trng hp khi: to ra PVC trng hp khi (phng php ny t s

Trng hp huyn ph: to ra PVC-S c c tnh ht du tt, trong

cao, gi thnh r sn xut cc sn phm bng phng php cn, n, c

Trng hp nh tng: to ra PVC-E c cu trc ht cht, t ht du

sn xut cc sn phm t hn hp PVC-DOP nh cc sn phm trng, c quay, lm h. PVC l mt loai nha v nh hnh (c kt tinh thp), Tg~800C nn nhit bnh thng PVC cng nu khng ho do. Chnh v vy ngi ta cn phn bit PVC cng v PVC mm khi ni v sn phm PVC. Sau y l cch phn bit ba loi sn phm PVC: PVC cng : hm lng ho do t 0-5%.

PVC bn cng : hm lng ho do t 5-15%. PVC mm : hm lng ho do >15%.

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Nhit gia cng ca PVC t 150-2200C, tuy nhin PVC b phn hy nhit trn 140C nn khi gia cng phi dng cht n nh nhit. PVC cng d b nh sng lm lo ho v vy trong nhiu trng hp phi s dng cht n nh quang. 2.1.2 Cc tnh cht quan trng ca PVC: Bng cch thm ho do, c th sn xut ra cc sn phm c

cng thay i. C th s dng hu ht cc phng php gia cng i vi PVC. PVC c nhiu tnh cht c hc tt nh bn ko t, gin t,

tnh cht cch in, chu n mn cao. -

C th sn xut sn phm vi mu sc a dng. PVC km bn vi acid, kim, cht ty ra PVC l loi nha kh chy v trong phn t c cha Clo. Gi thnh va phi. PVC ca cng ty c cung cp t cng ty TNHH NHA V HA

CHT PH M, Khu Cng nghip Ci Mp, Huyn Tn Thnh, Tnh B Ra Vng Tu. 2.1.3 Cc tiu chun cn lu i vi PVC: Gi tr K: gi tr K phn nh nht ca dung dch PVC, do phn

nh khi lng phn t ca n. Khi la chn PVC gi tr K l tiu chun cn phi xt n u tin v tnh cht sn phm v gia cng ph thuc nhiu vo K, v vy cn la chn cn thn. VD: i vi sn phm thng thng nh tole, ng, ng nc dng PVC c K=65-68.

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i vi mng bn cng, khp ni dng PVC c K=57-62.

-

Khi lng ring th tch (g/cm3): phn nh mc nn cht ca PVC

dng bt, n quan trng khi n v nu i lng ny cng ln th nng sut my theo khi lng cng cao. Tuy nhin khng th nng i lng ny cao qu mc c v s nm ngoi kh nng thit k cu my (mi my n trc vt c thit k cho mt loi nha nht nh). hp ph v tc hp ph du DOP: i vi nhng sn phm c

hm lng DOP cao, PVC phi c kh nng hp ph DOP tt to ra hn hp bt kh c tnh chy tt. Nu tc hp ph DOP v hp ph thp th bt sau khi trn khng c kh, thm ch DOP khng thm c vo nha, nh vy cht lng trn khng t yu cu, nng sut trn gim xung khi phi ko di thi gian trn. So snh v hp th DOP th PVC-S c hp th tt hn PVC-E nhiu. Hm lng mt c: l nhng ht trong lm tm trong sn phm. Mt

c c th gy ra do bi ln vo, do cng thc dng cht bi trn khng hp l nn nha nng chy khng u, hoc do PVC c nhng phn t c khi lng ln qu mc th cng c th to ra mt c. Hm lng cht d bay hi: cht d bay hi, m c th gy bt cho

sn phm, v vy hm lng cht d bay hi phi nh hn 0.3%.

2.2 Cc cht ph gia

2.2.1 Cht ho do nhit thng PVC rt cng, khi cn mm do ngi ta thng trn thm cht ho do. Khi a cht ho do vo PVC, cc phn t ho do len li vo trong PVC, lm yu lin kt gia cc mch v lm cc mch b cch ly nn mch mm hn v cui cng to ra PVC mm. Theo hiu qu ho do cc cht ho do c phn thnh hai loi:

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Cht ho do chnh: c tng hp cao vi PVC v v vy c th

s dng mt mnh. VD: DOP l mt cht ho do chnh in hnh. Cht ho do ph: v mt l do no ngi ta khng dng mt mnh.

C th l do chng c tng hp gii hn vi PVC, c gi thnh cao nn ch dng khi cn t c mt vi tnh cht c bit no . VD: dng thm DOA tng kh nng chu lnh cu sn phm, dng BBP tng kh nng nha ho, parafin clo ho gim gi thnh sn phm. Cc yu t la chn cht ho do: Hiu qu ho do v tng hp vi PVC: to ra mt mm

do no cn dng mt lng ho do nht nh. Nu lng dng t th dng cht ha do c hiu qu ha do mnh v ngc li. Cc tnh cht gia cng nh: bay hi phi thp nhit gia cng,

kh nng nh hng n thi gian nha ho cu hn hp (VD: BBP gy nha ho nhanh), hay c nh hng n tnh n nh nhit cu PVC hay khng (du Epoxy lm tng tnh n nh nhit, cn paraffin clo ho c tc dng ngc li). Cc tnh cht s dng ca sn phm: nh chu lnh, tnh khng

chy, kh nng b trch ly bi cc dung dch ho cht v nc, tnh c hi, di hnh VD: nu sn phm thng xuyn tip xc vi nc phi dng cht ho do kh b ly tch bi nc. Gi thnh: tt nhin cng thp cng tt. Tuy nhin loi ho do r tin

th cht lng cng thp. Ni chung hy dng DOP lm cht ha do chnh v n c tnh nng tt gi thnh thch hp. Ch khi cn cc tnh cht c bit khc ngi ta mi cn trn thm cc cht ho do khc. Sau y l vi loi ho do thng dng: DOP: Dioctyl phthalate;

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

DOA: Dioctyl Adipate; DINP: Diisononyl phthalate BBP: Butyl Benzyl Phthalate; EBSO: Du u nnh epoxy ho. Trong PVC cng ngi ta ch dng mt lng nh ho do v cht ha do lm cho gia cng d dng hn nhng nu dng nhiu th tnh cht c l s gim mnh v nhit bin dng nhit h thp xung, sn phm d b bin dng nhit khi s dng. 2.2.2 Cht bi trn cho PVC 2.2.2.1 Cng dng ca cht bi trn Ngn chn PVC khng dnh vo b mt kim loi (nu b dnh PVC s

b chy, v vy cng c th quan nim cht bi trn l mt dng cht n nh). Tc dng bi trn ny gi l tc dng bi trn ngoi. Gim tc dng ni sinh ra khi gia cng, to ra nht v tnh chy

thch hp (lu l PVC cng c nht rt cao, nu tng nhit gim nht th gn im phn hy cu PVC, PVC d b phn hy, gy chy nn phi dng cht bi trn). Tc dng bi trn ny gi l tc dng bi trn ni. 2.2.2.2 Phn loi Theo bn cht ho hc c cc loi sau: -

Hydro carbon

: Parafin, polyethylene wax

Cc x phng kim loi: Cd-St, Ca-St, Pb-St, Zn-St Acid bo Ester : acid stearic (a-St) : Butyl stearate, glycerin Stearate

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

Alcohol

: Polyol, Polyglycol

2.2.2.3 C ch tc dng ca cht bi trn ni, ngoi Cht bi trn ngoi c tng hp km vi PVC nn to ra mt lp

mng cht bi trn gia b mt kim loi v nha. Do ngn chn c PVC bm vo b mt kim loai. VD: polyethylene wa, acid stearic Cht bi trn ni c tng hp tt vi PVC nn nm xen vo cc

phn t nha PVC, nn gim c nht cu PVC nng chy. Theo c ch trn cng c th xem DOP l mt cht bi trn ni nn PVC mm t khi phi dng cht bi trn ni. Trong thc t nhiu cht bi trn va c tc dng bi trn ngoi, va c tc dng bi trn ni. Ngoi ra tc dng bi trn ni hay ngoi cn ph thuc vo hm lng thp nhng khi tng hm lng th c tc dng bi trn ngoi l ch yu. 2.2.2.4 Cc u nhc im ca cht bi trn ni v ngoi Cc u nhc im ca cht bi trn ni Tng tc ca nha nng chy, gim nhit gia cng. Gim trng phng trong cng ngh n. Hn ch xut hin cc vt ng hn do nha b tch dng khi chy

trong u khun. t nh hng n bm dnh ca mc in, sn ln sn phm. To trong sn phm tt. t nh hng n kh nng to vt trng khi b gp sn phm. Gim nhit bin dng nhit (sn phm b bin dng nhit nhit

thp hn).

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

i khi lm gim bn va p ca sn phm. C th gy plate-out (hin tng cc ph gia khng tng hp v tri

ra b mt thit b gia cng: trc cn, trc vt, ming u khun).

-

Cn dng hm lng cao mi c tc dng hiu qu. Cc u nhc im ca cht bi trn ngoi Ngn chn PVC khng b dnh vo b mt kim loi. Sn phm d xut hin ng hn. D gy tch lp khi sn phm gm c nhiu lp PVC ghp li. Lm gim bm dnh ca mc in v sn ln sn phm. Tng hin tng to trng khi gp sn phm. Lm chm thi gian nha ho.

2.2.3 Cht n nh 2.2.3.1 nh ngha Cht n nh l cht : Ngn chn s phn hy cu PVC bng phn ng ho hc. Bng tc dng bi trn, gim ma st hay ngn chn s dnh vo b

mt kim loi (cht n nh c tc dng ny cn gi l cht bi trn). 2.2.3.2 C ch n nh Hp th HCl pht sinh: 2HCl + 3PbO.PbSO4.H2O PbCl2 + 2PbO.PbSO4.H2O + H2O Hp th gc t do:

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

R + R2Sn(RCOO)2 R-R + RSn(RCOO)2 (n nh thic) Ngn chn s hnh thnh lin kt i: CTv Chng oxy ho; Hp th tia UV n nh nh sang.

2.2.3.3 Phn loi cht n nh Gm c cc loi sau: Cht nh ch Cht n nh x phng kim loi Cht n nh thic Cht n nh ph (n nh cha photphour, epoxy, cht hp th tia uv,

cht chng oxy ho). a) Cht n nh ch V d mt s loi sau:

-

Tibasic ch sunpht (TS): 3PbO.PbSO4.2H2O. Dibasic ch stearat (DS): 2PbO.Pb(C17H35COO)2 (c tc dng bi trn). u im ca cht n nh ch:

C tnh n nh nhit mnh. C tnh cch in tt. Vng nhit gia cng rng.

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

Chu thi tit tt. Gi thnh va phi. Nhc im ca cht n nh ch:

en). b)

Nu khng x l b mt th phn tn km. Khng to ra mu ti sng v sn phm b c. c hi. B nhim mu (ho en) khi tip xc vi lu hunh (to ra PbS c mu

Cht n nh x phng kim loi V d:

-

Cadmium Stearate Barium Stearate Calcium Stearate Km Stearate

Cd(C17H35COO)2 Ba(C17H35COO)2 Ca(C17H35COO)2 Zn(C17H35COO)2

Cc x phng trn l nhng hp cht ho hc gm c nguyn t kim loi v gc acid bo, gc ny c nhiu loi nhng ch yu l gc Stearate. Cc x phng kim loi l cht n nh khng dng mt mnh m dng kt hp vi nhau, v d Ca/Cd/Zn; Ca/Zn; Ba/Zn; nhiu loi c tc dng bi trn. nhiu loi c to ra sn phm c trong cao. Th t v trong v tnh bi trn nh sau: V trong: Cd>Ba>Ca>Zn>Pb. Pb>Zn>Cd>Mg>Ca>Ba.

V tnh bi trn:

Mt hn hp gm c Ba/Cd/Zn hay dng l BC-103, Coinex-1282, CB120 v nhiu loi tng ng khc.
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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

u v nhc im ca cht n nh hn hp kim loi: c) Tnh n nh nhit tt (nhng yu hn cht n nh ch). t gy mi nh cht n nh thic hu c. Gy plateout b mt thit b. C tnh cht bi trn. Gi thnh va phi. Cht n nh thic hu c Gm cc loi: Dialkyl Tin maleate Dialkyl Tin Carboxylate Dialkyl Tin Mercaptie (c cha lu hunh) u im ca cht n nh thic: n nh nhit tt. To ra sn phm c trong cao. Tan tt trong PVC. Khng b bin mu khi tip xc vi lu hunh. Nhc im: d) Khng c tnh bi trn. t tin. Mi kh chu, mt vi dng c hi. Cc cht tr n nh

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

Gm c cc loi: n nh Epoxy (v d du u nnh epoxy ho): loi ny khi dng kt

hp vi n nh thic hay cc loi x phng kim loi th hiu qu n nh nhit c tng cao. Cht n nh cha photphour (v d Tri phenyl phosphate) cng c tc

dng nh cht n dnh epoxy. Cht chng oxy ho: Bis phenol amine Cht hp th UV: benzophenol, benzotrianol (v d Tinuvin 320) Cc cht tr n nh khng dng mt mnh m kt hp vi cht n nh chnh. 2.2.4 Cht n Mc ch chnh ca vic dng cht n l lm gim gi thnh sn phm. C nhiu loi cht n c th dng cho PVC. Cht n CaCO3 thng s dng c th phn loi theo:
-

Theo t trng th tch: CaCO3 loi nng v loi nh. Theo c tnh b mt: loi c x l b mt v khng x l b mt. Mc ch chnh ca vic x l b mt l ci thin kh nng phn tn ca

CaCO3 vo nha, do tnh cht ca sn phm khng b suy gim nhiu, nn c th dng vi hm lng cao. V d CaCO3 c x l b mt l loi NCC-410 (Formosa), TC 1015; loi khng l b mt l NS-400 (Formosa), MS6 Vc s dng cht n gy ra cc u nhc im sau: -

Gim gi thnh sn phm. Tng c cho sn phm. Tng tnh n nh nhit v CaCO3 c tnh baz trung ho HCl sinh ra.
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hn. -

Tng cng cho sn phm (v d dng n sn xut gch nha) To cho hn hp nha nht cao nn kh gia cng, my nng ti

Gim bn c l ca sn phm nh gim bn x Cn dng nhiu DOP hn v CaCO3 hp th mt phn DOP. Tng kh nng mi mn thit b (trc vt, xilanh, trc cn). Gim bng sn phm. la chn cht n cn cn c vo cc yu t sau:

C ht: ht cng mn th c l sn phm cng tt, tuy nhin gi thnh

cht n s tng. Kh nng phn tn: cht n phi d phn tn vo PVC, nu kh

phn tn th lng dng phi c gii hn v n s nh hng n tnh cht gia cng sn phm.
-

Khi lng ring trn n v th tch: s nh hng n th tch ca

my, n i lng ny ca c hn hp PVC-CaCO3. Dng CaCO3 loi nh s lm gim nng sut my. Tp cht: khng c ln tp cht gy nh hng n ngoi quan v

c tnh sn phm. Gi thnh: ph hp. hp th DOP: cng thp cng tt. Loi c x l b mt thng c

hp th du thp. Hm lng n ti u ph thuc vo loi cht n c chn, vo tnh cht c l v ngoi quan sn phm, vo tnh cht gia cng trn my. V d:

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

Nu cht n thuc loi d phn tn th c th a vo hm lng

cao hn loi n kh ph tn. Nu cht n hp th du DOP nhiu th vi cng thc mm, kh c

th a hm lng n ln cao, v n s hp th nhiu DOP trong khi PVC khng hp th ng k. Cc sn phm gch nha dng vi hm lng n cao v cng

sn phm cao, co rt thp v gi thnh h. 2.2.5 Cht mu Cc yu cu v cht mu cho PVC l: Khng gy bi, d cn o. Kh nng phn tn mu tt. Khng b di hnh. Chu c nhit cao khi gia cng. Chu c thi tit. Khng c hi (ty tng sn phm). Cht mu thng c 2 loi:
-

Pigment: l loi mu khng ho tan trong dung mi, nha m ch phn

tn vo di dng cc ht mu vi kch thc rt nh. Nu ta ha tan pigment vo trong dung mi th n rt kh tan (v d mu trng TiO2) hoc i khi ta c cm gic ha tan nhng nu mt thi gian n li b tch ra (b lng). Phm mu: loi ny ho tan trong dung mi v nha. Loi ny t s

dng v thng c chu nhit km, do tnh ha tan cao nn hay xy ra hin tng di hnh. Tuy nhin chng c mu sc p. Cc tnh cht cn ch ca cc cht mu:
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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

Sc mu: ta thy mu nhiu loai nh mu xanh, , tm trong

tng loi mu cn c nhiu loi khc nhau v sc nh vng cam, vng chanh, cam, tm, tm xanh, tm Cng mu: phn nh mnh yu ca mu. Mu cng yu th

cng dng vi hm lng cao v ngc li. ti sang: cng mt sc mu nhng c loi cho ta cm gic ti,

m, c loi cho ta cm gic ti sang rc r. tia UV. Mc di hnh: phn nh mu d hay kh b tri ra b mt. Kh nng phn tn trong nha. Cc nh hng n tnh cht c l ca sn phm. Trong thc t thng gp cc mu sau: Mu dng bt ch gm cc mu c bn nh mu , xanh, xanh l chu nhit: phn nh nhit phn hy ca mu. bn nh sng: Phn nh kh nng bn mu khi chu tc dng ca

gi thnh thp nhng kh phn tn, kh cn, gy bi, c hi. Mu dng bt l hn hp cc mu c bn: mu ny c s dng khi

khch hang khng c kinh nghim pha mu, mun s dng n gin. Nh sn xut pha trn sn v ch cn hng dn hm lng s dng. Mu dng ht mn hay dng bnh: phn tn sn vi nha nn c

phn tn tt, khng gy bi, d cn o, gi thnh cao hn mu bt. Mu dng paste: thng l mu phn tn trong cht ho do. Loi

ny hay dng cho PVC, c gi thnh thp hn loi phn tn trong nha.

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

PVC compound pha sn trong nc, khi gia cng khng cn pha

na, v d PVC compound lm ng nc. Tt nhin s gp kh khn khi cn mu khc. Theo bn cht ho hc c th phn mu thnh hai dng:
-

Mu v c: thng l cc oxyt kim loi nh Fe2O3, TiO2, Cadimiums,

Pb&MoCr2O3, Ultramarine, Mn Violet, Co Violet, Fe blue c cc c im sau: + Mu c. + Cung yu. + Kch thc ht ln. + Thng d phn tn. + Khng ha tan v khng b di hnh. + Chu nhit v nh sng. + Chu ho cht cao. Mu hu c: thng c tng hp t cc dn xut ca du m nh

MonoAzo, Diazo, Quinacridone, Perylene, Phthalocyamine, Benzimidazolene c tnh cht ngc li vi mu v c. Cc dng mu c bit c th l:
-

Cc loi mu nh: c sc trng hay nhiu sc khc. V d cc loi n

Pearl (TiO2 ph mica), nh kim loi Al sc bc, nh hp kim ng sc vng Mu hunh quang: l loi mu to ra ti sng cao do mu ny c

kh nng hp th tia UV (c bc sng trong vng khng nhn thy c) v pht ra nng lng trong vng nh sng kh kin. 2.2.6 Cht tr gia cng cho PVC

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

Cht tr gia cng l mt loi nha khi thm vo PVC th to ra cc kt qu sau: Ci thin s nha ho, nh th cc tnh cht c l ca hn hp PVC

mi c pht trin y sau khi gia cng v trong cng thc c th a vo hm lng n cao hn. C th to ra cc sn phm c hnh dng phc tp khi n profile. s tng. Cc s c b mt sn phm v s c do nng sut khng n nh Tnh n nh ca qu trnh sn xut c nng cao, v vy nng sut

gim i hoc khng cn xut hin. Tng c chiu rng sn phm khi cn. S phn b cc t bo xp ng u hn, t bo xp nh hn i vi

sn phm PVC xp. thin. Nu sn phm cn nh hnh nhit th khi dng cht tr gia cng cng Kh nng chu nhit, chu thi tit, bn mu c xu hng c ci

on nh hnh nhit c thc hin d dng hn. Thng khi s dng cht tr gia cng th nht ca hn hp tng

ln v my c xu hng ti nng hn. Tuy nhin cn ch l nu do nha ho khng hon ton th my cn ti nng hn l khi c cht tr gia cng. iu ny thy r khi cng thc c hm lng n cao.

2.3 Kim nghim nguyn vt liu mi v thay th.

2.3.1 Mc ch

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

Quy nh cc tiu chun cn phi kim tra, phng php kim tra, mc chp nhn i vi cc loi nguyn liu mi (cha tng s dng), nguyn vt liu thay th (ang s dng m thay i ngun cung cp). 2.3.2 Tiu chun loi b, chp nhn Phi c ngun gc, xut x, ti liu v nguyn liu. t yu cu s dng v c tnh nng s dng tng ng mu

ang s dng. C th iu chh cng thc nhm t yu cu s dng.

2.3.3 Cc ch tiu cn kim tra 2.3.3.1 Cm quan Nu tt c bnh thng th ghi nhn l cm quan bnh thng, nhng g bt thng ghi nhn r. Ngoi quan ca nguyn vt liu: xem xt bao b, k m hiu v ngoi quan ca nguyn vt liu. i vi nguyn vt liu dng ht, bt, vy: quan st mu sc, mi, mn i vi nguyn vt liu dng paste, dng lng: quan st mu sc, trong, mi Cm quan trong qu trnh gia cng: xem xt kh nng ha tan, kh nng phn tn, mu, mi, tnh to bt, tnh bc bay trong qu trnh gia cng, tnh chy, tnh tch bc giy vn, tnh bm dnh trc cn Cm quan sn phm cui cng: quan st mu sc, trong, c, kh nng che ph, s phn tn, b mt, tnh do, tnh cng, bng, m, tnh n hi 2.3.3.2 Tnh nng gia cng

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

i vi nguyn liu s dng trong cng ng cn: kim tra ch yu trn nn PVC-S vi cc tnh nng sau: tnh bi trn, tnh nha ho, nhit gia cng, n nh nhit, tnh plate-out. i vi nguyn vt liu s dng cng ngh p n (PVC-S, PE, PP): kim tra cc tnh cht tng t nh cng ngh cn nhng nhit khc, cng thc khc nhau cho cc loi nguyn liu PVC-S, PP, PE. i vi nguyn vt lius dng cho cng ngh trng: kim tra cc tnh cht sau: nht dung dch, nhit gia cng, thi gian gia cng. 2.3.3.3 Tnh nng lo ho Kim tra: tnh bn quang, tnh lo ho nhit. 2.3.3.4 Tnh bn c l Kim tra: cng, bn ko t, bn x rch, n hi, bm dnh. 2.3.3.5 Tnh nng ring v tnh nng s dng Th tnh nng s dng theo nhu cu ca ngi nghin cu, theo s gii thiu ca nh cung cp hoc theo ti liu hng dn. 2.3.4 Phng php kim tra Tt c nguyn liu c kim tra so snh gia l mi nhp v mu chun lu hoc mu cng cng dng s dng n nh. 2.3.4.1 Kim tra trong, mu, mi Cho mu vo dng c thy tinh sch. Quan st bng mt trong v mu, i chiu vi mu chun lu. Ngi mi.

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2.3.4.2 T trng Dng dng c o t trng ph hp: c th xc nh bng cn t trng cht lng chuyn dng hoc ng o t trng xc nh nhanh nht. 2.3.4.3 ho do i vi PVC-S: chun b mu v cn theo cng thc (1): PVC-S Ho do n nh : : : 100 40 2

Quan st ha ho trn my cn v kim tra tnh nng c l ca sn phm. So snh sn phm s dng ho do mi v c. i vi PVC-E: chun b mu theo cng thc (2): PVC-E DOP Vi n nh : : : : 100 60 75 2.5

Kim tra nht ca dung dch plastisol sau khi nh v sau thi gian 4 gi, 1 ngy. Trng ln giy vn tng lp sn phm hon chnh, so snh hai sn phm s dng ho do mi v c. 2.3.4.4 n nh nhit Chun b mu v cn theo cng thc (1) hoc cng thc (2) cho dng cht n nh s dng cho cng ngh trng. i vi cht n nh: ty theo loi m thay th n nh trong cng thc

(1) v (2) bng h n nh ph hp.

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

i vi cht bi trn, ty loi m c lng s dng ph hp. i vi cht mu: cho thm mu theo cng thc (3): PVC-S Ho do n nh : : : 100 40 2 1 0.1 ( cho mu m nh mu violet) 2

Mu bnh thng : Mu m Mu nht : :

+ n nh nhit ng: ch th i vi cht n nh khi c yu cu v

cht bi trn. Mu c cn nhit 160+5 0C. Sau cc khong thi gian 5 pht, 15 pht, 20 pht, 25 pht, 30 pht, 35 pht ly tng mnh trn my ra, ghi thi gian, ghi nhn kh nng chy, bi trn trn my theo thi gian, so snh gia mu mi v mu lu.
+ n nh nhit tnh: hai mu sau khi cn c nh du phn bit: ct

hai mu thnh nhng mnh nh 2.5X3cm, lm du phn bit hai nhm. o b dy tng mnh, mi nhm chn 6 mnh c dy bng nhau. Cho mu vo t sy nhit 180+20C. S dng 5 tm knh 10X15cm, mi tm gm mt mu c v mt mu mi, t vo t. Sau cc khong thi gian 35, 45, 55, 65, 75 pht ly ra 1 tm knh. Nhn xt kt qu. 2.3.4.5 Mu, mn Cng thc (3) so snh mu. Nu c s khc bit th so snh cng

mu bng dng cng thc (4): PE hoc PP Mu : : 100 1

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

i.

mn: so snh bng mt, bng dng c o mn hay knh phng

+ i vi cc nguyn liu cht n nh, cht bi trn, cht n, cht to xp: so snh bng mt i vi mu chun hay chun b mu so snh mu.
+ Vi mu nhum: so snh chu nhit mu chun b mu v cn

theo cng thc (3), hoc cng thc (4) so mu, th n nh nhit; so snh m nht cng nh sc mu: chun b mu v cn theo cng thc (1) v thm hm lng: Mu-0.1% lng nha + TiO2-1% lng nha. So snh mu sc ca mu c v mi khi cng dy. 2.3.4.6 Tnh di hnh Chn 1 mu c v 1 mu mi kch thc 2.5X3cm, dy bng nhau. Mi mu c t gia hai tm mng trng kch thc 3X3.5cm, t c 3 ming nha ny gia hai tm knh, t ln knh vt nng 1g/cm2. t c nhm ny vo t sy nhit 100+20C trong 3 gi. Tch mu, quan st di hnh mu trn tm mng trng. 2.3.4.7 nht v hm lng rn nht: S dng my o nht VT-03 v VT-04 i chiu vi ti

liu v nguyn liu.

-

Hm lng rn: cn 20g mu trn din tch 1dm2, sy 1000C cho

n khi khi lng khng i. Xc nh hm lng rn: HLR(%)=[(mdd trc khi sy-mdd sau khi sy)/mdd trc khi sy]X100% 2.3.4.8 Tc bay hi, thi gian lu mi

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Nhng hai bng giy thm kch thc 1X10cm vo dung dch mi v

c, quan st tc bay hi trn my v thi gian lu mi. Trng cng mt lc nguyn liu cn kim tra v nguyn liu chun ln

cng mt b mt v quan st. Nu l cht x l phi nh nguyn liu theo cng cng thc chnh nht ph hp. 2.3.4.9 Kh nng bi trn Chun b mu theo cng thc (1) (thay n nh bng bi trn vi hm

lng 0.3% lng nha).

-

Mu c cn nhit 160+50C. Sau cc khong thi gian 5, 15,

20, 25, 30 pht ly tng mnh mu trn my ra, ghi thi gian, ghi nhn kh nng chy, bi trn trn my theo thi gian, so snh gia mu mi v mu lu. 2.3.4.10 m S dng dng c o m cm tay hay my o m ti phng th nghim. 2.3.4.11 Hm lng tp cht Cho 50g mu vi vo 200g nc, khuy u, lng 2 gi, quan st tp cht. Nu c yu cu xc nh hm lng tp cht c th th c th qua cc bc sau: lcsyht mcn.

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

Phn III:

QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT

3.1 S b tr thit b my mc xng cn V

3.2 S khi ca QTCN h thng my cn V

3.2.1 Gii thiu v H thng my cn V Hiu SHINE KON _ i loan, Model SK INT 100, ch to nm 1999. - Lp t nm 2000. - Sn xut cc sn phm mng PVC mm trong thng, mng trong c gia p, mng c vn vi dy t 0.05 _ 0.5mm, chiu rng t a 1.80m. - Tc ti a: 120m/pht. - H thng my cn l mt dy chuyn hot ng lin tc t khu chun b, cn nguyn liu n ra sn phm hon chnh v c iu khin bng h thng PLC. Bao gm: + H thng cn nguyn liu t ng m bo thao tc nhanh v chnh xc. + H thng trn cao tc m bo ng u ca hn hp trn, gm hai my trn lun phin cung cp nguyn liu cho my nu . + My nu tn dng mt phn lng nhitsn c ca nguyn liu t my trn x xung my nu, kt hp vi nhit ma st sinh ra trong qu trnh

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nu nha ho s b khi nguyn liu (c th gia nhit my nu bng du nng khi cn). + H thng hai my nghin hot ng lin tip m bo kh nng nha ho tt v nng cao nng sut. + My lc lc sch cc tp cht m bo nng cao cht lng sn phm. + H thng my cn bn trc vi vic iu chnh khe h c chnh xc cao m bo chnh xc v dy ca sn phm. S dng cp trc c bng cao (do c sn xut) sn xut cc loi mng trong cht lng cao vi trong sut v bng cao v cp trc cn thng sn xut cc loi mng trong thng, mng c vn. + H thng trc take off, trc p vn cho sn phm c vn. + H thng dn gii nhit cho sn phm s dng nc thng, nc lnh, nc nng tu tng loi sn phm. + Dn qun cho loi sn phm bnh thng v sn phm c gia p. 3.2.2 Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut my cn V S i ca nguyn liu.

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CaCO3

Bt PVC

Du DOP

Cht n nh

Trn

Nu

Nghin ln1

Nghin ln2

Lc

Cn

Ph phm

p vn

Lm lnh

Qun Bn thnh phm Thnh phm

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

S my 3.2.3 Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh Nguyn liu t cn x xung my trn nh cnh khuy quay tc cao lm cho cc thnh phn trong hn hp khi nguyn liu c trn u, bt PVC ngm ho do tt; ng thi a nhit hn hp nguyn liu ln cao (khong 80oC 120oC) gip rt ngn thi gian nu, tng nng sut. Qu trnh trn c thc hin theo khong thi gian ci t nht nh tu tng cng thc, sau khi trn thi gian my trn t dng. Sau nguyn liu uc x xung my nu qua ca x bng xylanh kh nn. Nguyn liu sau khi c x t my trn vo my nu, nh hai trc quay trong thn my nu vi tc khc nhau, ngc chiu nhau v cng vi khi gia trng c iu khin bng xylanh kh nn h xung p khi nguyn liu to ma st sinh nhit lm khi nguyn liu c nha ho. Sau khi nu xong keo c x qua ca y, ca y c ng m bng piston thy lc. Sau khi keo t my nu x xung my nghin A, di tc dng quay ngc chiu ca hai trc vi vn tc khc nhau v hai trc c gia nhit nng bng du nn keo s c nha ho tip tc. Kt hp vi vic t cc dao ct v cc tr o keo t o trn, nha ho keo. Ti my nghin A keo c nha ho s b sau chuyn ln bng ti sang my nghin B. Keo sau khi c nha ho s b chuyn t my nghin A sang my nghin B, nguyn tc hot ng tng t my nghin A. Ti my nghin B keo phi c nha ho hon ton khi chuyn sang my lc. Xylanh v u khun c gia nhit nng bng du. Keo c chuyn t my nghin B sang my lc thng qua bng ti. Khi keo vo phu my lc nh trc vt quay s y, nn keo n u khun. Ti u khun c gn cc li lc nn ch cho keo qua li lc cn cc cht bn (t, ct,) b gi li.

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Lng keo sch ra khi u khun c chuyn ln h thng my cn thng qua bng ti. M my t bn iu khin t ng cho trc quay khng ti n khi nhit t yu cu th cho keo t my lc ln bng ti xung my cn 4 trc. Nha theo khe h ca 4 trc i xung n trc y. iu chnh khe h gia cc trc, thng s s hin th trn cc ng h ti bn iu khin. Kim tra xem trc chuyn ng c g l khng ng thi khng ch khe h trc c b dy theo yu cu sn phm. (Ch phi thng xuyn theo di khe h ca cc trc cn. ng h hin th khe h trc ch c tnh cht tham kho). 3.2.4 Cc thng s vn hnh Bng thng s ny s dng cho cc sn phm cng loi khc mu: 463T, 123T, 765T, 802T, Thit b My trn My nu Thng s cng ngh Thi gian trn 5pht Amper khi nu xong 180A Nhit A My nghin B Thn My lc u My cn Cnh 163 172 15.8 Cht keo 52 170 163 190 Tc Yu cu

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

Thit b nh Gia y #1 Take off #2 #3 Trc vn Precooling #1 Cooling #2 #3

Thng s cng ngh 172 160 160 160 160 160 Nc thng Nc thng Nc thng Nc thng Nc thng 27 32 34 49 49 49 49.2 53.2 53.2 53.2 53.4

Yu cu

Dn qun

56

- Lc p trc cao su khi gia p. - Phun bt: khng.

sai lch cc thng s khi sn xut thc t so vi thng s qui nh: sai s nhit l 7%, cc thng s khc 14%.

3.3 Cc thit b chnh trong quy trnh my cn V

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3.3.1 My trn cao tc 3.3.1.1 Gii thiu

Cng dng - chc nng: My trn cao tc trn cc thnh phn khc nhau trong hn hp

nguyn liu cho n khi t ng u nh nhau trong mi ni ca hn hp.

Hnh : my trn ng thi, my trn cao tc l bc ci tin so vi my cn c. V my trn cao tc cn c nhim v gia nhit cho nguyn liu trc khi i vo my nu, nn my nu khng cn h thng gia nhit nh my nu ca cc my cn c. Dng nhp liu - xut liu: Dng vo gm bt v du c dn vo theo ng ng ring. Sau khi c trn u, bt thm u du dng xp hn c th nm li thnh nm m khng b v ra.

Nng sut: trn 180 - 210 lt. Hiu sut 87%. Cc b phn chnh:

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Bao co thc tp

Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

My trn cao tc gm hai my trn, mi my gm: Thng trn: +Loi v o. +Vt liu ch to thp, mt trong c m vnfram nn c bng cao. +Chiu cao 965mm. ng knh 900mm. +Ca tho liu iu khin bng xylanh kh nn. +Cnh khuy gn trong thng trn. Motor AC cm ng i in cc 93/68HP x 4P/8P, 380v, 127A,

50Hz. Truyn ng ai. S vng quay motor: tc cao 1470rpm, tc thp 730rpm. T iu khin.

3.3.1.2 C ch hot ng: Cc nguyn liu bt PVC v du DOP c ht ln cc bn cha tng 3, ti cc bn cha u c cc cng tc bo mc chuyn tn hiu v t iu khin nhn bit nguyn liu cn y hay cn. Cht n nh GD 109, du u nnh Epoxy, du DOA c chuyn bng thang my ln tng ba ri vo bn cha khi cn s dng. Nu c s dng vi, th vi c chuyn bng thang my ln tng ba vo silo. Np cng thc theo lnh pha ch vo my tnh. H thng cn: Khi khi ng cn, bt PVC s t ng x vo cn nh vt ti bt PVC. Nu c s dng vi, th vt ti vi s x vi vo cn ny sau khi cn PVC xong.

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

Du DOP s t ng x vo mt cn nh cc van xylanh kh nn t m n khi t thng s khi lng ci t do cc cm bin ti trng cn nhn bit, th cc xylanh kh t ng ng li, vt ti bt t dng. Qu trnh cn hon tt. My trn: Tip theo, nguyn liu c x vo my trn. Hai my trn hot ng song song. Trn ng ng x bt xung c mt giao im gia ba ng ng: ng ng chung v hai ng ng xung mi my trn. Ti mi ng ng xung mi my trn c van x. Khi cn x bt xung my trn no th m van ti u ng . Ti mi my trn s hot ng nh sau: Trc khi x bt vo, my trn ang hot ng tc thp 460rpm. Khi x nguyn liu, bt c x xung trc, khi x ht bt th du mi c x xung. Mt pht sau, my trn hot ng tc cao 920rpm. Cnh khuy: Khi x nguyn liu xung th khng kh ban u chim trong thng s c dn thot ra ngoi qua ch ct thng kh. Thng trn c ba cnh khuy nh ti bt sau khi thm du. Cnh khuy dng chn vt y thng quay theo chiu kim ng h v do c phn vt t nn to lc ht bt y thng thi ln. Cnh khuy dng mi cho quay cng chiu vi cnh khuy y. Cnh khuy ny ch yu to lc trn. Trong qu trnh trn, ta thy xut hin nhiu ch xoy ln trn b mt v chuyn ng trn ca cht kh i khi b hn ch l do s mt mt nng lng nhiu. Lm xoy parabon hnh thnh v tn ti s lm gim lc khuy trn, i khi cn c tc dng ngc li l lm xut hin kh nng phn ly (tc dng lc ly tm).

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Bao co thc tp

Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

trnh kh nng to thnh lm xoy parabon trong thng trn, ngi ta gn cnh khuy c nh thnh thng c tc dng lm ri dng. Ca xut liu: Nh tc dng trn ca h thng cnh khuy ny khi quay tc cao lm cho cc thnh phn trong khi nguyn liu c trn u, bt PVC ngm ho do tt, ng thi lc ma st sinh nhit a nhit hn hp ln cao (80120C) gip rt ngn thi gian nu, tng nng sut. Qu trnh trn c thc hin theo khong thi gian ci t nht nh tu tng cng thc. Sau khi trn xong my trn t dng. Khi cn nu, m ca xut liu x bt xung my nu. Khi nhn c lnh m ca xut liu. Van kh nn vo u pha trong ca xylanh m ra bm kh nn vo, ng thi u cn li van kh nn ra m ra x kh ra. Nh hot ng ng b ca hai van kh nn hai u xylanh m piston chuyn ng v mt pha. Piston ny b y ra v pha xa khi thng trn. Nh c hai thanh ni nn khi piston chuyn ng ko piston ca xut liu chuyn ng cng hng. u piston ca xut liu chuyn ng tnh tin m ca xut liu. ng thi h thng ba ng ng kh nn ti xylanh xut liu m ra thi bt bm vo xylanh. Sau khi x xong ca xut liu t ng li. Khi piston ca xut liu chuyn ng ra x bt n cng tc hnh trnh th dng li. Thi gian x bt c tnh ton bng thi gian chuyn ng ra ca piston. Nn khi u piston ca xut liu n v tr cng tc hnh trnh th bo tn hiu v t iu khin. T t iu khin pht ra tn hiu ng ca xut liu. Khi nhn tn hiu ti hai piston bn ngoi, van kh nn vo u pha ngoi m ra bm kh nn vo, ng thi van x kh nn u trong x kh nn ra, piston chuyn ng vo. Piston chuyn ng vo thng thanh ni ko piston ca xut liu ng li. Piston ca xut liu chuyn ng vo n v tr ca cng tc hnh trnh th dng li. Ba van kh nn ti xylanh xut liu ng li. Nguyn tc vn hnh:

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Bao co thc tp

Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

My trn cao tc vn hnh t ng, tng m. Hai my trn hot ng song song. Cc thng s k thut:

Dung tch 400 lt. Nng sut 180 _ 210 lt. Nhit thng trn 80 _ 120C. Tc cnh khuy: Tc thp 460 rpm. Tc cao 920 rpm.

Thi gian quay tc thp 60s. Amper tc thp 50 _ 70A. Amper tc cao: bt u nng ti 200A. n nh nh ti 100 _ 150A. Thi gian trn i vi sn phm khng c n: Hm lng du DOP 21% DOP 30% 30% DOP 40% 40% DOP 50% Thi gian trn 4.5 pht 5 pht 5.5 pht

p sut kh nn: 70psi.

3.3.1.3 S c - khc phc: S c: i vi nhng cng thc mi m trn c th b sng hoc chn qu. Khc phc: i vi m trn cn cha thi gian th ci t thm gi, m trn chn qu th theo kinh nghim ngi cng nhn s dng sm trc khi ht thi gian ci t.

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

S c: do my nu hot ng tng m v my nghin hot ng lin tc nn thng c trng hp nguyn liu cung cp cho my cn thiu. Khc phc: my trn gm hai my trn song song nn x phn bt cn lu. 3.3.2 My luyn kn (my nu) 3.3.2.1 Gii thiu: Cng dng - chc nng: Trong my nu, nh hai trc quay ngc chiu nhau vi tc khc nhau cng khi gia trng p khi nguyn liu to ma st sinh nhit a nhit khi nguyn liu ln nhit gia cng. ng thi my nu thc hin nha ha s b khi nguyn liu v m nhim mt phn chc nng o trn nh my trn. Dng nhp liu - xut liu: Bt n t my trn c x vo my nu. Sau thi gian nu, nguyn liu chuyn sang dng keo.

Nng sut: 100 Kg/ m. Hiu sut: 90%. Cc b phn chnh: My luyn kn gm cc b phn chnh sau y:

Thng nu: + + + + Chiu cao tng cng: 4527 mm. Chiu di tng cng: 1700 mm. Chiu rng tng cng: 1532 mm. Th tch bung nu: 100 lt.

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

+ + -

Vt liu ch to: thp CT3. Thng nu loi v o.

Hai trc nu. + Vn tc hai trc nu: Trc trc l 46 rpm, Trc sau l 40 rpm. T tc: 1:1.15

Mt ba gia trng iu khin bng xylanh kh nn. Mt ca xut liu. Mt ca hng. Mt m t AC 300HP * 8P v hp gim tc. H thng thy lc v du bi trn cng bc.

3.3.2.2 C ch hot ng: Trong thng nu, hai trc nu c truyn ng quay ngc chiu nhau vi vn tc khc nhau, cng thm lc ct do cnh vt ca trc nu sinh ra v lc p do ba nn t trn xung s lm cho nguyn liu c dn vo gia, ng thi sinh ra mt lc ma st ln. Lng nhit sinh ra do lc ma st ny c dng ha do nguyn liu. Ba v ca hng c iu khin bng kh nn, cn ca xut liu iu khin bng h thng thy lc. Thng nu: Thng nu l loi thit b v o dng ng c c bng thp chu nhit, pha trong rng l ni t hai trc vt. V trong bung nu nhit thng rt cao v thng xuyn chu lc ma st ln nn thnh pha trong thit b (khoang

52

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

t hai trc vt) c m Crom hoc Niken nhm lm tng tnh chu nhit, chu mi mn, v chng b oxy ha ca thit b. Thng nu c th c gia nhit bng du nng khi cn. Tuy nhin i vi h thng cn 5 ny th my luyn kn khng cn gia nhit bng du bi nhit sinh ra do ma st cng ho do s b nguyn liu. Hai trc nu: Hai trc nu c c bng thp c kh nng chu nhit, chu mi mn v chng b oxy ho. Trn thn trc nu c hai ng gn nh vt xon nhng khng lin tc v ngc chiu nhau c gi l cnh vt. Cnh vt hi ln sng theo dng elip nhm to ra lc tip tuyn (khi trc quay) i phng lin tc, t y lm cho lc ct tc dng vo nguyn liu l khng u nhau dn n vt liu c th trt ln nhau v sinh ra lc ma st gia cc lp nguyn liu vi nhau. Hn na trong qu trnh chuyn ng bn thn nguyn liu cng sinh ra ma st vi thnh thit b v trc nu. Lng nhit sinh ra do ma st ny c s dng ha do nha. Lc tc dng ln cnh vt:

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Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

Quan st thy tn ti mt lc dc trc ko nguyn liu chuyn ng ti trc, nhng v hai trc c b tr quay ngc chiu nhau nn lc dc trc ca hai cnh trn hai trc ngc chiu nhau khin nguyn liu chuyn ng vo gia trc. Lc vung gc vi trc kt hp vi lc p t trn xung c tc dng ct nguyn liu, gip nguyn liu o trn. Cnh vt hnh ln sng lm thay i v tr t lc ny, tng hiu qu nho trn. Trong qu trnh nguyn liu chuyn ng s sinh ra mt lng nhit hn lon ma st ln. Trc my nu vn c th c cp nhit bng du nh trong thn trc l mt khoang rng v c mt ng dn du t trong thn, ng du ny c chc nng cp du nng cho trc khi cn. Tuy nhin vi h thng cn 5 ny th vic cp du cho trc nu l khng cn thit v lng nhit c cp mt phn t giai trn cao tc. Tuy b tr dng chy dn vo gia trc nhng ngi ta vn phi thit k hai bt thau chn hai u trc nhm ngn khng cho nguyn liu x ra. bi trn hai bt thau ny ngi ta dng du DOP v nu dng loi du khc th s nh hng n cht lng sn phm. Tuy nhin phi theo di lng du DOP vo my luyn kn c s iu chnh cho ph hp khi pha ch nguyn liu. Ba gia trng v ca hng: Ba gia trng c lm bng thp hp kim, mt tip xc vi nguyn liu cng c m niken hoc crom. Ba c iu khin ln xung bng h thng kh nn. Ba c nhim v to mt lc nn ln t trn xung, p nguyn liu cht t trn xung. Ca hng cng c iu khin bng kh nn l ni b bin liu vo v quan st bt i vo my luyn kn. Ca xut liu:

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Bao co thc tp

Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng

Gm hai b phn chnh: mt ben gi ca v cnh ca xut liu. - Ben gi ca c iu chnh bng thu lc. - Cnh ca xut liu c lm bng thp mt trong tip xc vi vt liu cng c m niken hoc crom. Mt u ca cnh ca gn vi trc quay bng ba ci bn l. Trc quay c t trong xilanh v iu khin bng thu lc. Nguyn tc hot ng ca ca xut liu: - Khi nguyn liu chn theo yu cu, nhn nt m ca xut liu cho bt ra. Khi nhn nt x, van x cho du trong xilanh ca ben gi ca x ra, lm ben rt ra khi mu gi ca. Trn ng i ca ben s chm phi mt cng tc hnh trnh lm khi ng my bm bm du vo trong xilanh cha trc quay. Du bm vo vi p lc mnh s lm quay trc theo chiu m ca. Khi trc quay s chm phi mt cng tc hnh trnh, cng tc hnh trnh ny s ra tn hiu iu khin bm bm du theo chiu ngc li. Trc quay i chiu quay v ca t ng ng li. Khi trc quay cng chm phi mt cng tc hnh trnh khc, cng tc hnh trnh ny li iu khin cho bm bm du vo xilanh y ben ln pha trc gi ca cht li. Cc b phn ph tr: Ngi ta s dng mt bm bm du bi trn cho cc bt thau v

cc bi ca hai trc nu. -

Dng m t v hp gim tc iu khin s quay ca hai trc. Cc thng s k thut: Th tch bung nu: 100 lt. Nhit bung nu: 130-140oC. Tc trc trc: 46 rpm, tc trc sau: 40 rpm, t tc: 1:1.15.

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Thi gian lu ca nguyn liu trong thit b: 5 pht. p sut iu khin ba: 0-6 Kg/cm2. p sut iu khin ca xut liu: 40-50 Kgf/cm2. p sut iu khin ben gi ca xut liu: 0-50 Kgf/cm2. p sut nht bi trn cho bc n: 2-2.5 Kgf/cm2. p sut p bt thau chn hai u trc: 30-35 Kgf/cm2. Mt s thng s ca my bm:

Tn

Cng sut (HP)

S cc

Tn s (HZ)

Tc quay (rpm)

Hiu in th (V)

Cng dng in (A)

Bm truyn ng cho ng c. Bm du iu khin ca xut liu. Bm nht bi trn bc n. Bm du DOP cho bc thau.

300

50

750

380

50

960

380

9.3

50

1140

380

2.4

50

60

380

2.0

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Amper nng ti 600A. Amper khi nu xong (nh ti): Hm lng du DOP 20phr DOP < 25 phr 25phr DOP < 27 phr 27phr DOP < 30 phr 30phr DOP < 35 phr 35phr DOP < 40 phr 40phr DOP < 45 phr 45phr DOP < 50 phr Amper my nu khi nu xong 240A 230A 220A 210A 200A 190A 180A

3.3.2.3 S c - khc phc: Cc yu t nh hng i vi my luyn kn: Tng nhit th hiu qu nha ho tt hn nhng nhit cao nha

s b phn hy. Do c s c m chn qu (do thi gian ci t qu lu khng th dng ngay lp tc hoc kim tra nh my trn), hoc trng hp m nu cha chn. Trong trng hp cha chn c th tng thi gian nghin, cn chn qu th chuyn sang ph liu. Tng s vng quay th hiu qu phn tn tng nhng s vng quay ca

trc c nh. Nn i vi sn phm khc nhau ngi ta ch yu da vo kinh nghim ci thi gian nu.

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p sut thng nh p nguyn liu xung phi p ng yu cu lm

vic ca hai trc. trnh s c nn cng nhn ch yu l nng v h ba khng iu chnh cc thao tc khc. Lng nguyn lu cho vo mt m nu phi tng i ng u. i vi sn phm b khuyt tt mt c do my luyn kn cha c v

sinh sch s. Khc phc tng nhit cn luyn, khng tip liu qu nhiu. 3.3.3 My nghin 3.3.3.1 Gii thiu Cng dng - chc nng: Cng dng ca cc my nghin: trn o keo, ph v cc polymer

mch di cho cc ph gia d xm nhp vo. My nghin cn l ni phn phi nha ln my cn.

Chc nng: +My nghin A: nghin s b. +My nghin B: nha ha hon ton.

Dng nhp liu - xut liu: Dng keo sau khi ra khi my nu cha nha ho hon ton c dng

c v cn bt trng, c dn vo my nghin A. Ti my nghin A, khi keo

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chuyn sang hi trong (nha ho khong 80%) c dn theo bng chuyn sang my nghin B. Dng keo ti my nghin B c trong cao hn t nha ho khong 97% th c da vo my lc.

Nng sut: trung bnh ca hai my l 1200 kg/h. Hiu sut

90%. Cc b phn chnh: Hai my nghin, mi my nghin c cc b phn nh sau: Trc cn: + + Kch thc hnh hc ca my nghin A: 66cmx213cm. Vn tc trc: Trc trc: 17rpm. Trc sau: 20rpm. T tc:1:1.17 + + Kch thc hnh hc ca my nghin B: 61cmx183cm. Vn tc trc: Trc trc:16rpm Trc sau: 20rpm T tc: 1:1.25 B phn iu chnh khe h trc thao tc bng tay. B phn thng t. Bn dao ct keo gn c nh v hai tr iu chnh bng xylanh kh nn. Hai tm chn keo hai u trc. Khay hng nha. Bi trn bi bng h thng du tun hon cng bc.

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Motor my nghin A: AC, 200HP * 8 cc, 3 pha, 50Hz, 380v, 248A. Hp

s gim tc. Motor my nghin B: AC, 150HP * 8 cc, 3 pha, 50Hz, 380v, 248A. Hp

s gim tc. 3.3.3.2 C ch hot ng: Cu to bn ngoi: Hai trc t trn bn gi , c bi trn bng h thng du bi trn

tun hon. Mtor hot ng thng qua vnh ai v h thng bnh rng lm quay

thanh truyn, thanh truyn quay lm trc nghin quay. ngang. Hai tm chn hnh ch V trn pha hai u ca hai trc ngn chn Trc sau c nh, trc trc di chuyn c trong mt phng nm

nguyn liu khng ri vo cc u trc. H thng thng t v cc cng tc an ton ngng my khn cp khi

gp s c. Cu to bn trong: Trc nghin c dng ng lng ng. Bn trong c mt thanh di ng knh khong 60 mm chy dc c chiu di khong trc cn. ng ny dn du phun vo thnh trong trc thng qua l cui thanh vi p lc 5 - 7 kgf/cm2. Dc thnh trong trc l nhng vch ngn gip cho ng i ca du tng ln nh du truyn nhit u hn ra lp v. C ch hot ng: My nghin A:

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+ Sau khi keo t my nu x xung my nghin A, di tc dng quay ngc chiu ca hai trc vi vn tc khc nhau v hai trc c gia nhit nng bng du nn keo s c nha ha tip tc. + Kt hp vi vic t cc dao ct v cc tr o keo t o trn, nha ha keo. Ti my nghin A keo c nha ha s b sau chuyn ln bng ti sang my nghin B. My nghin B: + Keo sau khi c nha ho s b chuyn t my nghin A sang my nghin B. nguyn tc hot ng tng t my nghin A. ti my nghin keo phi c nha ho hon ton khi chuyn sang my lc. Cc thng s k thut My nghin A:
+ Nhit :170 - 1900C.

+ Thi gian lu: keo c trn khong 3 - 4 pht khi nhn thy trong va th a ln my nghin B thng qua bng ti.
+ p sut ca hi du: 5 - 7 kgf/cm2. + p sut du bi trn: 2 kgf/cm2.

My nghin B:
+ Nhit : t 160 -1800C.

+ Thi gian lu: keo c nghin n khi b mt bng lng v c trong cao sau mi em ln my lc thng qua bng ti.
+ p sut ca hi du: 5 - 7 kgf/cm2. + p sut du bi trn: 2 kgf/cm2.

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3.3.3.3 S c - khc phc: S c: my nghin hot ng lin tc nn s xy ra tnh trng thiu keo. Khc phc: my nu x keo xung nhanh, cng nhn vn hnh ct cc

keo nha ho trn my cn A a trc tip sang my cn B. S c: khi keo t my luyn kn cha t do thi gian ci t t qu. Khc phc: tng nhit my nghin v tng thi gian nghin. Sau

iu chnh nhit tr li cho ph hp vi cc m sau. S c: sn phm b hin tng mt c. Khc phc: v sinh trc my nghin. Tng thi gian nghin.

3.3.4 My lc 3.3.4.1 Gii thiu: Cng dng - chc nng: Nguyn liu t my nghin B qua bng ti c a vo phu nhp liu ca my lc. y nguyn liu c lc b cc tp cht khng tan trong qu trnh nha ho nh t, ct, x nha chy, PVC cc cha tan, rc Tip tc nha ho dng nguyn liu lm cho sn phm n nh hn.

Dng nhp liu - xut liu:

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Nguyn liu dng keo nha ho hon ton c dn t my nghin B vo my lc. Nguyn liu c gia nhit nn chy qua li lc d dng. Khi ra khi u lc th dng keo trong hn vmm hn. Nng sut 6 tn /ca 8 gi Hiu sut tnh theo ton h thng my cn. Trc vt: +ng knh trc D = 200 mm. +Chiu di L = 980 mm.
+ Gc nng rng =1740.

Cc b phn chnh

+Bc rng s = 220 mm. +B dy rng C = 22 mm. +Vt c ch to t thp khng r, bn ngoi c m Cr. u khun, u khun gm hai b phn thay th nhau khi thay li

lc, mi u khun c gn tm li lc, cc li lc pha trong v u nh hnh cho dng nha pha ngoi.
+ Li lc l loi li inox hnh vung, c ba lp120/cm2, 100

/cm2, 80/ cm2 +Tm thp t ong l mt tm thp dy 30mm, 260mm, c cc l khoan 9 x 215 l pha trong. Xylanh: L = 910mm. +Khe h gia thnh trong xi lanh v trc vt t = 0.5mm.

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+Vt liu gang c m Cr. Phu np liu hnh ch nht, thnh xin. Motor DC, hp s. H thng thu lc kho m u khun. H thng gia nhit xi lanh, du khun bng du. ng nc gii nhit trc vt.

3.3.4.2 C ch hot ng: p sut trong my do nguyn liu a vo i theo trc vt gy ra, tu thuc vo lng nguyn liu v tc quay ca motor. Trn thn ca my lc chia thnh nhiu vng nhit khc nhau: u lc, 3 vng trn thn my trong khong t 150OC-175oC. My lc c gia nhit bng du do l du cung cp vi lu lng 25m3/h cho ton my lc. Xylanh v u khun c gia nhit nng bng du. Keo c chuyn t my nghin B sang my lc thng qua bng ti. Khi keo vo phu my lc nh trc vt quay s y nn keo n u khun. Ti u khun c gn cc li lc nn ch cho keo qua li lc cn cc cht bn (t ct) b gi li. Lng keo sch ra khi u khun c chuyn ln h thng my cn thng qua bng ti. Trc vt y l b phn chnh quan trng ca my. Trc vt nm trong xi lanh (xi

lanh c gia nhit bng du nng), quay c nh motor DC thng qua hp s. Nhim v ca n l mt c cu tip nhn nguyn liu ti ca np liu v ti ti vng nha ho, to ma st trt nha ho, n c tc dng nh mt bm nha lng nhm to ra mt p sut no y nha lng ra khi u to hnh. Trc vt c gii nhit bng nc thng.

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Qu trnh chuyn nguyn liu t ca np liu n u to hnh, nguyn

liu thay i t rn n mm cao ri chy nht, khi lng ring thay i, do vt cn chn loi vt ph hp. u lc Nhim v ca u lc l lc cc tp cht khng tan trong qu trnh nha

ho v to hnh dng cho dng nha PVC theo bng ti i ra ti my cn to ra sn phm. u lc gm hai phn chnh l li lc pha trong v u nh hnh

cho dng nha pha ngoi. Ngoi ra u lc cn c tm thp t ong rt dy. Nhim v ca tm thp t ong l cho li lc khng b rch, x lch

trong qu trnh lc. L nh hnh: nh hnh dng nha PVC t my lc qua bng ti ti

my cn cn sn phm.
-

u to hnh cng nh thn xi lanh c gia nhit bng du nng do l

ESSO cung cp vi nhit 150 -170oC tu theo tng loi sn phm. Vt liu ch to u to hnh gang c, c gia cng li bng phng php tin, xi m Cr. -

Cc thng s k thut: ng knh trc D = 200 mm. Chiu di L = 980 mm. Nhit my lc 150 - 170oC tu theo tng loi sn phm. Lu lng du nng 25m3/h cho ton my lc. Thi gian lu t 2 - 5 pht tu tc motor lc. Motor 120KW, n =1750 vng/pht.

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3.3.4.3 S c - khc phc: B mt dng nha m nhm, khng ng nht Nguyn nhn: nhit nguyn liu qu thp. Khc phc: tng nhit gia nhit ln bng cch tng nhit ci t

lc van in s t ng m ng du nng qua xi lanh. Chiu dy khng i theo chiu dc. Nguyn nhn: vn tc b phn ko ra khng u, nhit p n khng

n nh. Khc phc :ch cho nhit n nh mi cho nguyn liu vo. Xem xt

li ng c cng nh bng ti xut liu iu chnh li vn tc ng c. Dng nha ra khi u to hnh qu mm, khng ko ln

bng ti xut liu c.

Nguyn nhn: nhit ci t qu cao,li lc b d. Khc phc: gim nhit ci t, gim vn tc vt me thay li lc. Dng nha ra khi u to hnh c vt xc dc, lc c

c vt chy en. Nguyn nhn: li u to hnh b d, chy, c mt lp nha chy

mng xung quanh u to hnh . Khc phc: thay li lc, ly lp nha chy xung quanh u to hnh ra

bng cch ly sng kh nn thi ngc. 3.3.5 My cn bn trc 3.3.5.1 Gii thiu: Cng dng - chc nng :

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Dng nha ho, cn mng keo nha v nh hnh sn phm theo b

dy mong mun.

Dng nhp liu _ xut liu: Nhp liu l nguyn liu dng keo c nha ho v lc cc cht

bn my lc theo bng ti vo my cn. Xut liu l mng mng c b dy mong mun. v d:

-

Nng sut: mi loi sn phm c mt nng sut khc nhau,

Sn phm c dy 0.17 mm c nng sut l 25,000 m/ 8h. Sn phm c dy 0.12 mm c nng sut l 28,000 m/ 8h. Sn phm c dy 0.10 mm c nng sut l 30,000 m/ 8h. Hiu sut 90%. Cc b phn chnh: Kch thc cc trc cn:
+

ng knh: = 0.61m (24). Chiu di: L = 2.032m (80).

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cng b mt: 700 20 (HS).

Cng sut ng c: + + Trc cnh v y: 75 HP. Trc nh v gia: 100 HP.

V trc ( bi): c lm bng thp c, c h thng bi trn du nht

tun hon. Cp trc cn (trc gia v trc y) c bng cao (do c sn xut)

sn xut cc loi mng trong c gia p vi trong sut, bng cao v cp trc cn thng sn xut cc loi mng trong thng thng, mng c vn T tc gia cc trc cn: c th iu chnh c lp. B phn nh cho trc: i vi cc trc gia. B phn iu chnh khe h trc: i vi cc trc cnh, nh, y. H thng bi trn gm hai loi: du nht ( , hp s) v m. B phn treo trc (pull _ back): loi l xo treo, s dng cho trc nh. B phn o keo: c truyn ng bng motor. Thn my lm bng thp c.

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Hp s: gim tc 4 cp; 4 khp ni gia motor v hp s; 4 khp ni

cac-an gia hp s v trc cn. C ba hp s nm v mt hp s ng. H thng gia nhit: bng du gia nhit tun hon. H thng trc take-off, trc p vn cho cc sn phm c vn. H thng dn gii nhit cho sn phm s dng nc thng, nc

lnh, nc nng ty tng loi sn phm. Dn qun cho loi sn phm bnh thng v sn phm c gia p. Thit b bo v: 4 nt tt khu trn khung my v mt ti bn iu khin.

B hm ng c bng motor DC. Thit b m nhanh: thao tc bng thu lc (i vi trc nh v y).

3.3.5.2 C ch hot ng: Nguyn l cu to: My cu to ch yu gm 04 trc cn sp xp theo kiu ch L ngc,

tng cp chuyn ng theo chiu ngc nhau. Cc trc ny quay trong cc bi, c bi trn bng mt h thng du nht tun hon. Trc cn c lm nng bng du gia nhit v c truyn ng bng

h thng : motor _ hp gim tc _ thanh truyn. Thanh truyn ni gia trc cn v hp gim tc bng khp ni cac-dan.

u im ca khp ni ny l gip cho trc quay nh nhng, khng b sng trc. u cn li ca trc cn ni vi cc ng dn du gia nhit. Cc trc cn c th iu khin qua li, ln xung bi cc motor gn trn

gin my hai bn u trc iu chnh b dy sn phm. Cc ng c nh ny c khng ch bi h thng in bn iu khin.

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Trn ng i ca cc trc, ngi ta gn cc cng c tt hnh trnh gii

hn vic nh trc i qu xa. Ngoi ra, my cn c thit b an ton gn trn khung thn (4 nt bm) v

bn iu khin (1 nt bm) kt hp vi thit b m nhanh (iu khin bng thu lc) tt my kp thi khi c s c. C ch hot ng: M my t bn iu khin t ng cho trc quay khng ti n khi nhit

t yu cu th cho keo t my lc ln bng ti xung my cn 4 trc. Nha theo khe h ca 4 trc i xung n trc y. Ngi ta iu chnh cc khe hp dn theo trnh t khe gia hai trc cnh v nh, trc nh v trc gia, trc gia v trc y. Khi iu chnh khe h gia cc trc, thng s s hin th trn cc ng h ti bn iu khin. Kim tra xem trc chuyn ng c g l khng ng thi khng ch khe h trc c b dy theo yu cu sn phm. Cc thng s k thut: Mi sn phm c tng thng s k thut nht nh, v d sau y l

thng s k thut ca sm phm N1OH 050 x 120 x 30 004 00 30P. Khe trc Truyn ng (mm) Trc cnh Trc nh Trc gia Trc y 1.18 1.69 11.3 1.5 Van nhit (mm) 1.01 1.59 11.3 1.46

3.4 Cc thit b ph tr my cn bn trc

3.4.1 H thng trc take-off:

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3.4.1.1 Cng dng - chc nng L khu trung gian dng a sn phm qua bn dn tin lm lnh v nh hnh sn phm mng trong. 3.4.1.2 Cc b phn chnh Khung : hn bng thp tm, c bt cht vo thn my cn. Khung ny cng lp b phn p vn. C cu gia trc: c 2 phn mt phn bt c nh v mt phn c th dch chuyn c. C cu trc ny dng cc trc ca trc take-off. Ngoi ra cn c cc motor truyn ng cho con i (loi rng xon) thng qua hp s. Cc cng tc hnh trnh bo v gii hn trn v di. Trc ko sn phm: ng knh 350mm, c hn bng thp ng, x l nhit . B phn lm sch DOP trn b mt trc. B phn truyn ng: motor- hp s - thanh truyn. 3.4.1.3 Cu to v hot ng Gm 03 trc hnh tr, b mt lng, c lm bng thp c, quay ngc chiu nhau nh cc motor truyn ng qua cc thanh truyn v c nng ln, h xung nh cc trc vt ch i vi trc take-off 1 & 3, cn take-off 2 c nh. Trc vt chuyn ng nh motor gn bn di trc. Trn ng chuyn ng ca vt xon ny, ngi ta c ci t cc cng tc hnh trnh nhm gii hn ng i ng thi bo v cc trc khi b va chm vi cc thit b khc. Kch thc ng trc bng nhau 350mm x (L) 2030mm. Tc nhn truyn nhit cho trc c th l nc lnh, nc nng hoc nc thng. 03 b phn lau trc (bc vi) c iu khin bng ben kh nn, c th nng ln, h xung lau sch cc hi nc v hi du bm trn b mt cc trc takeoff.

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Qu trnh chuyn ng ln xung ca h thng take-off c iu khin t bn iu khin. 3.4.2 H thng p vn 3.4.2.1 Cc b phn chnh : -Khung c hn bng thp, c t trn 1 c cu truyn ng. -B phn p vn: v trc vn lm bng thp tm, c nng bng xylanh thu lc; trc cao su & trc thp c 350mm. -B phn truyn ng: motor AC (10Hp) + hp gim tc + khp a nng. 3.4.2.2 Nguyn l cu to v hot ng Trc vn sau khi lp t vo trc c iu chnh ln xung nh cc nt bm gn trn thn my thng qua ben thu lc (2 u v trc ben iu khin trt trn 2 thanh trt). p lc p c iu chnh bng tay ti b phn phi thu lc. Khi sn xut mng c vn, ngi ta iu khin bng cch khi ng h thng ng c lm quay trc cao su (trc p vn). Bm nt iu khin bn hng thn my, h trc vn p ln mng (trc cao su di mng). Chuyn ng trc cao su ko theo chuyn ng ca trc vn. Tc cao su th hin ng h ti bn iu khin. Nu sn xut mng trong ch s dng trc p vn l trc st. Khi sn xut mng c vn th dng trc vn v trc cao su (trc cao su thay th trc st). 3.4.3 H thng dn lnh 3.4.3.1 Cc b phn chnh - Khung: c hn bng thp ch U v tm thp. H thng c di chuyn trn 8 bnh xe, c cu truyn ng bng motor AC cng sut 3HP c gn hp gim tc. ng ray bng dm H & thp ng ray. - B phn lm lnh s b: gm cc trc rng 160mm, b mt m lp HCR. Thit b nng bng motor vi thit b nng kiu vt xon.

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- B phn lm lnh: trc rng 265mm, loi xon n v mt n HCR, bc n, van quay cho nc lm lnh. - B phn truyn ng: motor AC; hp gim tc; b truyn ng bng bnh rng. 3.4.3.2 Nguyn l cu to v hot ng :

B phn lm lnh s b
- Gm 04 trc precooling, hnh tr, b mt nhm, c lm bng thp c,

quay ngc chiu nhau nh motor truyn ng v c nng ln, h xung nh 2 trc vt chuyn ng thng qua 2 motor gn bn di 2 u trc. Hai u trc c dng hnh cn, quay trn a mng vo trong trc c d dng. - Kch thc trc : 160mm, L = 2030mm. - Tc nhn truyn nhit cho trc: nc lnh, nc thng hoc nc nng. - Chuyn ng ca cc trc c iu khin t bn iu khin.

Dn lnh
- Gm 15 trc cooling, c chia lm 3 cm, mi cm 5 trc. Trc c cu to

hnh tr, b mt nhm c lm bng thp c, quay ngc chiu nhau thng qua 3 motor truyn ng qua h thng dy xch, bnh rng. Hai u trc cooling c dng hnh cn, quay trn a mng vo trong trc c d dng. - Dn lnh chuyn ng ti lui nh h thng bnh xe chy trn hai thanh ray (bnh xe chy nh mt h thng motor ko). - Chuyn ng ca trc v dn lnh c iu khin t bn iu khin. - Kch thc trc: 265mm, L = 2030mm. - Tc nhn truyn nhit cho trc: nc lnh, nc thng. Ring i vi nc nng ch c i vi 5 trc cui. 3.4.4 H thng dn qun

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3.4.4.1 Cc b phn chnh - Trc qun: gm trc thp (hoc trc cao su) 310mm. - Trc dn: trc nhm 88mm (c th iu chnh v tr). - B phn truyn ng: motor AC ( 3.7 KW) + hp gim tc v dy ai. - H thng phun bt v kh tnh in. 3.4.4.2 Nguyn l cu to v hot ng - Gm c 4 trc hnh tr, b mt nhm, c lm bng thp c, quay cng chiu nhau thng qua motor truyn ng cho h thng bnh rng. Nu sn phm c gia p th trc qun 2 c thay bng trc cao su. trc qun 1 c ng nuc nng dn vo gia nhit cho trc. - Kch thc trc qun nh sau: () 310mm x (L) 2030 mm. - Tc nhn truyn nhit cho trc: nc nng hoc nc thng (i vi trc qun 1). - Bn trc quay cng chiu nhau v c iu khin t bn iu khin. - Ngoi ra, c trc cao su p (s dng khi chy gia p) iu khin bng 2 ben kh nn. Trc chuyn ng ln xung khe h gia trc qun 2 v 3.

3.5 S c khc phc ca tng khu:

3.5.1 H thng cn t ng : S c: thng s cn trn my vi tnh lch nhiu so vi gi tr t. Khc phc: thc hin cn ch bng tay cho ng vi gi tr t.

3.5.2 My trn : S c: khi cp in t xut, dng my trong thi gian ngn ch in my

pht, my trn cha trn thi gian.

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Khc phc: khi c in li phi ci t thm thi gian cn li.

3.5.3 My nu : pht. Khc phc: tin hnh x keo t my nu xung my nghin A. V sinh sch S c: khi cp in t xut, dng my trong thi gian ngn ch in my

s my nu. Trng hp b cp in lu th phi x ht nguyn liu bt, keo t cn my trn v my nu. V sinh sch s cn, my trn, my nu. 3.5.4 My nghin : S c: keo b ri ra khi trc cn. Khc phc: cho li vo my nghin nha ho keo hon ton. S c: khi b cp in t xut. Khc phc: phi tin hnh ly keo ra khi my nghin ngay.

3.5.5 My lc : S c: keo ra u lc qu mm (do nhit cao). Khc phc: m nh van nc vo trc vt n khi keo ra khi u lc trng

thi bnh thng th kha van nc li. S c: trong trng hp cp in t xut ch my pht. Khc phc: phi tin hnh ly ht keo phu np liu ra, tho li lc ra v

sinh sch s theo ng trnh t. Khi c in li nu keo trong xylanh vn cn mm th m my lc n ht lng nha cn tn trong xylanh. Cn nu keo trong xylanh cng th phi m bm du nng gia nhit cho xylanh u khun n khi keo mm th m my lc n ht lng nha cn tn trong xylanh. 3.5.6 Trong qu trnh cn :

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S c: b mt sn phm c vt gn sng gi l vt chy do nhit trc cao

thp khng u . Khc phc: cho khe h nh nht. Nguyn liu trn khe trc t i to s

lun chuyn cho vt liu tt, trnh s bin ng v nhit . Nhit b mt trc phi ng u. Vt liu trn my cn phi c lin tc o trn ng u. Bin liu khng nn a trc tip vo my nghin. S c: b mt sn phm c nhng chm ht trong sut nh mt c do c ln

mt s phn t c M cao hoc PVC cha nha ho. Thi gian nu cha . Nhit hai bn trc cn qu thp. V sinh cha sch khi thay i nguyn liu my nu v my nghin. Khc phc: tng vn tc ditme my nu, khng tip liu qu nhiu, tng

thi gian cn. S c: khi cun sn phm vo nhau sau mt thi gian cc lp mng dnh

cht li. Do vt liu c chy thp trn b mt do to s bm dnh. Khc phc: dng bt talc, cao lanh phun ln b mt. S c: hin tng plate _ out. Khc phc: gimh n nh Ba_ Cd, tng n nh h Zn. S c: b mt sn phm xut hin nhng cht khc vi hn hp. Khc phc: nn gim ho do c tng hp km. S c: m nu qu chn i vi lp nha s n phng khng th a

sang cn luyn. Khc phc: ct nh bn thnh phm v a vo ph liu. S c: m nu sng nha tnh trng bt ri. Khc phc: tng nhit nghin v nho trn cho n khi t trng thi

nha ho thch hp sau gim nhit trc nghin v nhit quy nh. S c: bn thnh phm chnh gia mng hay dy hn hai bn.

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Khc phc: chnh li v tr trc gia, xem li tc t cn n cun, xem li

nhit du. S c: hin tng nh trc do hi qu cao, khu nu a nha sang qu

chn, nguyn liu b bin cht. Khc phc: gim hi cc trc, dng n nh lau trc, kim tra li khu nu. S c: nha ri trn bn thnh phm do lng nha nhiu khe gia trc

bin v trc nh, khe h trc gia v trc y cha ng, nha chy di v li lm, ri trn bn thnh phm. Do s thay i hi t ngt lm nha ho khng u. Khc phc: kim tra li khe h cc trc cn. Kim tra li nhit du.

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Phn IV

SN PHM

4.1 Mt s sn phm c sn xut trn my cn V

My cn 5 sn xut ra nhiu chng loi sn phm nh: cc mng mng lm o i ma trn vn 98R, 95R; mng PVC trong sut; cc loi tm trn dn tng trn cc loi vn hoa; cc mng PVC bng lm decal; cc mng PVC lm bng keo cch in, bng keo ng tp v; cc loi gi da PVC khng vi dng may cp, ba l, ti xch, giy dp,. Ngoi ra my cn 5 cn cung cp ch yu bn thnh phm cho my ghp vi mng sn xut cc loi sn phm nh Tarpaulin, mng chng thm lm o i ma,.
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Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut mng N1OH 0.17x1.37x100 (463T-98R)

dng lm o i ma (loi mng mu xanh en c logo R), y l sn phm ch yu c sn xut t my cn V. Cun mng c k m hiu nh trn c hiu nh sau: dy: 0.17mm. Kh rng: 1.37m. Chiu di cun: 100m (s m ct thc t trong qu trnh sn xut l 107m) Mu sc: mu 463T ( mu xanh en ) Loi vn: vn 98R ( vn ca Cng Ty C Phn Nha Rng ng) Trng lng cun: 30.5 0.5 kg/cun.

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4.2 Phng php kim tra cht lng sn phm

4.2.1 Mt s s c nh hng n cht lng sn phm Cng nhn vn hnh v cn b k thut trc tip kim tra cht lng sn phm trn my. Di dn qun sn phm c lp dt h thng n chiu dng quan st b mt sn phm. Cc hin tng thng thy trn sn phm my cn V nh sau:
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B mt sn phm c vt gn sng gi l vt chy do nhit trc cao

thp khng u. Khc phc: cho khe h nh nht. Nguyn liu trn khe trc t i to s lun chuyn cho vt liu tt, trnh s bin ng v nhit . Nhit b mt trc phi ng u. Vt liu trn my cn phi c lin tc o trn ng u. Bin liu khng nn a trc tip vo my nghin.
-

B mt sn phm c nhng chm ht trong sut nh mt c do c ln

mt s phn t c M cao hoc PVC cha nha ho. Thi gian nu cha . Nhit hai bn trc cn qu thp. V sinh cha sch khi thay i nguyn liu my nu v my nghin. Khc phc: tng vn tc ditme my nu, khng tip liu qu nhiu, tng thi gian cn.
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Hin tng ra mu: b mt sn phm xut hin nhng cht khc vi

hn hp. Khc phc: nn gim ho do c tng hp km, khng nn dng qu nhiu n nh loi Tin Maleat.
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Sn phm chnh gia mng hay dy hn hai bn, khng n nh.

Nguyn nhn: nhit khng n nh (c th c hin tng t keo); keo t thng do nhit trc cn (trc dy) qu cao, keo ra tch t nhit nn b phng, dnh ln trc gy ra t keo. Khc phc: iu chnh li v tr trc gia, tc t cn n cun, nhit du. Cun sn phm c mu sc khng u do t l cc nguyn liu u vo

(PVC v ph gia) khng u.

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Trn b mt sn phm xut hin nhng chm en nh do keo b chy

trong qu trnh hn luyn.

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B mt sn phm b lng l do tp cht ht vi, ht mu. Khc phc:

kim tra khu khuy trn; tng thi gian nu hn hp c nha ha hon ton; Khp khe trc: cc ht vi khi qua khe trc s b v ra, cch ny ch gip gim bt ch khng khc phc c hon ton.
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Sn phm to khi khi cun sn phm vo nhau sau mt thi gian cc

lp mng dnh cht li. nguyn nhn Do vt liu c chy thp trn b mt do to s bm dnh. Khc phc: Dng b mt th, bt talc, cao lanh phun ln b mt ca mng mng. Lu l phi dng bt mn (1 6 m ) khng gy nh hng n tnh cht quang hc ca sn phm
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Hin tng di hnh: Trn b mt sn phm c cc vt mu (sn phm

mu) hoc vt keo (sn phm trong). Nguyn nhn: Cht ha do, mu, n nh di chuyn t ni c nng cao sang ni c nng thp. Khc phc: iu chnh lng, thnh phn cc cht ph gia, trong sn xut c th iu chnh nhit cn 4.2.2 Phng php kim tra cht lng sn phm Sn phm c kim sot qua 2 cng on: Kim sot ca t sn xut: Trong qu trnh sn xut, t sn xut kim

sot theo tiu chun c ban hnh, trng hp c bit phi bo co cho b phn k thut xem xt, gii quyt. Kim sot li ca b phn k thut: Hng ngy, b phn k thut tin

hnh kim sot li tnh trng cht lng sn phm sn xut ca 03 t sn xut trong 03 ca vo u gi hnh chnh. Nu sn phm n nh thng bo cho b phn thng k tin hnh nhp sn phm vo kho ca cng ty. Nu pht hin sai st, b phn k thut cho loi b nhng sn phm khng ph hp trc khi tin hnh nhp kho.

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4.3 Lu tr - bo qun v vn chuyn phn phi Trch nhim cc n v ly mu v lu tr Nh my lu mu mu chun, mu sn xut cc loi lm c s

i chiu vi sn phm cng loi ca tng l hng sn xut. i vi phn nh my chu trch nhim ly mu: phi ghi r, y

thng tin v mu: v tr mu trong cun bn thnh phm khi chuyn cho trung tm nghin cu cht do (TTNCCD) o c l. Nh my t qun trong vic ghi chp y cc thng s lin quan n l hng, nu c bt thng trong sn xut cn ghi r. TTNCCD lu mu sn phm nhm theo di cht lng sn phm ca

ton cng ty. TTNCCD c trch nhim kim tra gim st vic kim tra cht lng ca

nh my, sn phm mi, sn phm c phng n sn xut th, sn phm cn ban hnh tiu chun sn phm, sn phm ang bin ng. Ca hng kinh doanh sn phm ch bin lu mu v kim tra sn

phm, hng gia cng. Bo qun Khng sn phm ni m t, gn ngun nhit. Khng va chm mnh vi vt nhn d gy thng rch. Gi sn phm lun sch kh khi khng s dng. Khng dng cc loi dung mi mnh ty ra nh: Acetone, MEK,

Toluence, cyclohexanone. Sn phm sau khi kim tra t cht lng s c nhp vo kho bo

qun v chuyn n khch hng.

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Vn chuyn phn phi i vi sn phm c lm theo n t hng sau khi xut kho s

c vn chuyn n khch hng. i vi nhng mt hng ca cng ty thi c trng by o quy khch

hng hoc phn phi n cc i l.

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KIN NGH V XUT V mt t chc v qun l V quy trnh sn xut ca cng ty

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