Normal Laboratory Values Reference range values are for apparently healthy individuals and often overlap significantly

with values for persons who are sick. Actual values may vary significantly due to differences in assay methodologies and standardization. Institutions may also set up their own reference ranges based on the particular populations that they serve, thus there can be regional differences. Consequently, values reported by individual laboratories may differ from those listed here. All values are given in conventional and SI units. However, where the SI units have not been widely accepted, conventional units are used. In case of the heterogeneous nature of the materials or uncertainty of the exact weight of the compounds, the SI system cannot be followed, and mass per volume is used as the unit of concentration. Abbreviations: ACD, acid-citrate-dextrose; CHF, congestive heart failure; Cit, citrate; CNS, central nervous system; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; HDL, highdensity lipoprotein; Hep, heparin; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; Ox, oxalate; RBC, red blood cell(s); RIA, radioimmunoassay; SD, standard deviation.

Tests Conventional Units Acetaminophen, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA) Therapeutic 1030 g/mL Toxic > 200 g/mL Acetone Serum Qualitative Negative Quantitative 0.32.0 mg/dL Urine Qualitative Negative Acid hemolysis test (Ham) < 5% lysis Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), plasma 8 A.M. < 120 pg/mL Midnight (supine) < 10 pg/mL *Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT), serum Male 1340 U/L (37C) Female 1028 U/L (37C) Albumin Serum Adult 3.55.2 g/dL > 60 y 3.24.6 g/dL Avg. of 0.3 g/dL higher in upright individuals Urine Qualitative Negative Quantitative 5080 mg/24 h CSF 1030 mg/dL *Aldolase, serum 1.07.5 U/L (30C) Aldosterone Serum Supine 316 ng/dL Standing 730 ng/dL Urine 319 g/24 h Amikacin, serum or plasma (EDTA) Therapeutic Peak 2535 g/mL Trough Less severe infection 14 g/mL Life-threatening infection 48 g/mL Toxic Peak > 3540 g/mL

SI Units

66199 mol/L > 1324 mol/L

Negative 0.050.34 mmol/L Negative < 0.05 lysed fraction < 26 pmol/L < 2.2 pmol/L

0.220.68 kat/L (37C) 0.170.48 kat/L (37C)

3552 g/L 3246 g/L Avg. of 3 g/L higher in upright individuals Negative 5080 mg/24 h 100300 mg/L 0.020.13 kat/L (30C)

0.080.44 nmol/L 0.190.83 nmol/L 851 nmol/24 h

4360 mol/L 1.76.8 mol/L 6.813.7 mol/L > 6068 mol/L

Show-Hong Duh, PhD, DABCC, Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine Janine Denis Cook, PhD, Department of Medical and Research Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine References: Reference Intervals. In Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. 3rd ed., C.A. Burtis and E.R. Ashwood, Ed. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1998. Hematologic Values. In Clinical Hematology and Fundamentals of Hemostasis. 2nd ed., D.M. Harmening, Ed. Philadelphia, F.A. Davis Co., 1992. National Cholesterol Education Program: Report of the expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults. Arch. Intern. Med. 1998; 148:36-69. Clinical Chemistry Laboratory: Reference Range Values in Clinical Chemistry. Professional services manual. Baltimore, Department of Pathology, University of Maryland Medical System, 1999. Triglyceride, High Density Lipoprotein, and Coronary Heart Disease. National Institute of Health Consensus Statement, NIH Consensus Development Conference, 1992, Volume 10, Number 2.