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12

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15

16

tmqD,HEkdifiHrsm;\o&ufoD;wifoGif;rItajctae tmqD,HEkdifiHrsm;twGif; rav;Sm; EkdifiHonftrsm;qkH;wifoGif;aomEkdifiHjzpfNyD; urmYtrsm;qkH;wifoGif;aomEkdifiHrsm;wGifvnf; yOrae&mSdaeum2004 ckESpfwGif xkwfvkyfrI\ (2)qausmf(44699)rufx&pfwef wifoGif;rI SdcJYaMumif; awGY&ygonf/ puFmylEkdifiHonf 'kwd,trsm;qkH;wifoGif;aomEkdifiHjzpfygonf/ tif'kdeD;Sm;EkdifiHonf 'k w d , trsm;qk H ; pk d u f y sd K ; xk w f v k y f a omEk d i f i H j zpf a omf v nf ; wif o G i f ; rI tenf;i,faMumif;awG&ygonf/ tmqD,Eiirsm;\ jynfyrSo&ufo;D 0,f,wifoi;f rI dS Y dS H dk f H l G tajctaeukd atmufygZ,m;jzifazmfjytyfygonfY

18

jrefrmEdkifiH\o&ufoD;pdkufysdK;xkwfvkyfwifydkYrIrsm; pdkufysdK;xkwfvkyfrItajctae o&ufoD;udkEdkifiHtwGif;ae&ma'ora&G; pdkufysdK;vsuf &SdMuNyD; txl;ojzihf &efukefwdkif;? rEav;wdi;f ? ppfui;f wdi;f ? yJc;l (ta&S)? &Sr;f jynfe,f k kd k Y (awmifydkif;) wdkYwGif jynfyydkYukef t&nf taoG;rSDrsdK; aumif; rsdK;oefYrsm; a&G;cs,f vsufpepfwus pdkuf ysKd ;MuNy;D usejf ynfe,f wd k i f ; wd k Y w G i f a'o oHk;jynfwGif; pm;oHk;&eftwGufom pdkufysdK;xkwf vk y f M uaMumif ; od & S d & ygonf / jref r mEd k i f i H w G i f pdkufysdK;aomo&ufoD;rsdK; rsm;tjzpf pdefwpfvHk;? jrausmuf? a&T[oFm? &ifuJG? atmifwif? acgifusdK;? rcspfpk? yef;qJG ponfjzihfpdkufysdK; xkwfvkyf pm;oHk; vsu&MdS uaomfvnf; if;wdteufrS jynfy aps;uGuf f Yk 0ift&nftaoG;rDaomrsKd ;tjzpf pdewpfv;kH ? &ifuEifh f JG S a&T[omwduom jynfyEdiiH rsm;odYk wifya&mif;cs F Yk kd k f Ykd EdkifiHjcm;0ifaiG&&Sdum useftrsdK;tpm;rsm;rSmrl G wefz;kd jrixwuef ( Value added)tjzpfaqmif&uNf y;D fh k f k o&ufjym;ajcmuf? o&ufoD;azsmf&nf ponfjzifh ajymif;vJxkwf vkyfwifydkUYvsuf&Sd ygonf / o&uf o D ; onf E S p f & S n f oD;ESHwGifyg0ifNyD; toD;xGuf&SdrI EIef;rSmvnf; o&ufyifwpfyif\ ouf wrf;(5)ESpf rS (10)ESpft&G,f wGiftxGufEIef; (50)rS (500) vHk; txd vnf;aumif;? oufwrf;(11) ESpfrS (20)ESpftxd t&G,fvdkuf txGuEe;f (500) rS (1500)vH;k f I txd E S i h f ouf w rf ; tES p f ( 20) txuf wGirl txGufEIef; (1500) f

vH;k yHrexuEiaMumif; awG&&um k S f G f kd f Y dS jrefrmEdkifiH\ o&ufrsdK;pHkjynfe,f wdi;f tvduf pduysKd ;wd;k wufrtajc k k k f I taeudk azmfjytyfygonf-

19

20

jynfyodkYo&ufoD;wifydkYa&mif;csrItajctae jrefrmEdkifiHrS jynfyaps;uGuf0ifo&ufoD; rsm;jzpfonhf pdewpfv;kH ? &ifu?JG a&T[oFm rsKd ;rsm;tm; f e,fpyfukefoG,fa&;enf;vrf;t& w&kwfEdkifiH odkY trsm;qHk;wifydkYvsuf&SdNyD; xkdif;EdkifiH? tdEd,ESifh b*Fvm;a'h&wovnf; a'orsKd ;rsm; tenf;i,f fS Ykd Ykd wifydkYcJhMuum (Over Sea Trade) yifv,fa&aMumif; ukefoG,frI t&vnf; puFmylEdkifiHodkY wifydkYcJh jcif;rSmatmufygtwdkif; jzpfyg onf-

txufygESptvduf wifycaom o&uf f k Ykd hJ oD;ydueyrmP wefcse?f wefz;kd rsm;t& jrefrmEkiirS Yk k f d d f H wifyaom (pdewpfv;kH ? &ifu?JG a&T[oFm) o&ufo;D Ykd f wd\ t&nftaoG;rSm jynfy aps;uGu0if t&nf Yk f taoG; pHcsdefpHEIef;twkdif; vufcHEdkifrI&SdvmNyD jzpfonftwGuf wpfEpxuf wpfEpf ta&twGuf h S f S a&mwefzdk;ygwdk;jrifh&&SdvmNyDjzpfaMumif; awGU&Sd

&ygonf/

21

jrefrmEdkifiHusifhoHk;vsuf&Sdonfh o&ufpdkufysdK;enf;pepf o&ufyifonf rnfonfhajrtrsdK;tpm; wGifrqdk jzpfxGef;Edkifaomfvnf; ajrom;xkeuf(6 ay)a&pD ; a&vmaumif ; rG e f a om ajrrsd K ;ud k ydrEpoufonf/ a&0yfaomajr?a&xkw&ef cufaom k kd S f f ajrrsKd ;wGif rpduoifyg/ a&0yfygu tjrpfrsm; teuf k f h a&mifoajymif; ajcmufaoGUum tyifaoqH;k Ykd wwfonf/ odkYjzpf a&xkwf&ef vG,ful ajrMoZmxufoefaom ajrrsm;wGif pdkufysdK; &ef t oif h awmf q H k ; jzpf o nf / ajratmuf a&rsuEmjyif Water table onf ajrrsuEmjyif f S f S atmuf (6 ay)atmuf &S d o if h o nf / oifhawmfaom ajrcsOfiH"mwfonf pH 5.5 rS 7.5 twGif;jzpfonf/iefvGef;aom ajrwGif tyif i,frsm;qm;"mwfavmifaowwfonf/ tyifBuD; rsm;wGifvnf; t&Gufrsm;avmifNyD;Ek aomtpdwf tydkif;rsm; xdcdkuf BuD;xGm;rIudk t[efUtwm; jzpfaponf/ rsd K ;?ajrtrsd K ;tpm;? pd k u f y sd K ;onf h & nf rSef;csuftay: rlwnfNyD; (15? _ 15?)(15? _ 30?) ( 20? _ 20?) ( 20? _ 30?) (30?_30?) tuGmta0;jzifhpdkuf ysdK;Muonf/pdkufysdK;oifhaom tuGmta0;udk qHk;jzwf&mwGif rsdK;tvdkuf&Sdaom tyift&G,f tpm;? xdef;odrf;xm;&Sdrnfhtyif t&G , f t pm;ay:rl w nf owf r S w f y gonf / tyif o d y f onf;pGm pdkufysdK;onfhpepfjzifh pd k u f y sd K ;aomo&uf y if r sm;\ tyif B uD ; xG m ;rI u d k t m;ay;

apaom atmuf c H y if r sd K ;ud k toH;k jyKjcif;? udi;f jzwf ay;jcif; k jzif h xd e f ; csKyf xm;&S d o jzif h rIdowfaq;? ydk;owf aq;zsef; &mwGif ukefusp&dwf oufom NyD ; yd k r d k x d a &muf r I &S d j cif ; ? a&ajrESifh aea&mufjcnfwdkYudk ykdrdkxd a&mufpGm toHk;csEdkif jcif;paom tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm; &&SdojzifhumvwdkwGif tusdK;

+
tjrwf&&SdrIudk taxmuf tuljyKygonf/ pdkuf ysdK;pepfudk tdEd,? tpa&;? wkwf? xd k i f ; Ek d i f i H ? tif ' d k e D ; &S m ;? tar&d u ef jynfaxmifpwwius,us,f jyefUjyefU toH;k jyK k Ykd G f f pdkufysdK; vsuf&Sdonf/yifjcm;? wef;jcm;uGmjcm; onf E S i f h wpf , l e pf { &d , mwG i f tyif O D ; a&yd k r d k v moD ; xG u f yd k r d k v maMumif ; atmufygtwdi;f awGUjrifEiygonf k kd f yif j cm;? wef ; jcm; wpf { utyif wpf y if o D ; xG u f txG u f E I e f ; tyifoufwrf; (ay) (OD;a&) (vHk;a&) (wef^{u) (ES p f ) 40 _ 40 27 266 1.72 14 30 _ 30 48 240 2.43 14 25 _ 25 69 202 3.64 14 15 _ 15 193 180 8.69 14 (o&ufo;D wpfwef = vH;k a& 4000) pdkufusif;rsm;jyifqifjcif;

+
o&ufyifyHkoGif;jcif; tyifpwifpdkufysdK;NyD; i,fpOfwGif tyifyHkoGif;jcif;udk aqmif&Gufoihfygonf/ tyifyHk oGif; jcif;jzifhwlnDaomtyifyHkpHESifh t&G,ftpm;udk jzpfap "mwfajrBoZm auR;jcif;? ydk;owfaq;? rIdowf aq;zsef;jcif; ponfh tyifjyKpxe;f odr;f jcif;rsm;udk wajy;nD k d aqmif&GufEdkifjcif;? pDrHcefYcGJ&vG,fuljcif;? toD ; xG u f n D n mjcif ; ?aps;uG u f t wG u f pDpOfEif jcif;paom tusKd ;aus;Zl;rsm; ud&&Srnf kd k d jzpfonf/ tyif tjrifh (1) rDwmcefY a&muf jzmxG u f v maom ab;ud k i f ; rsm;rS use;f rmoefpr;f Ny;D udi;f rsm;? *Gus,f aom G k ab;udkif; 3 udkif;omcsef usefudkif; rsm;udjk zwfawmuf ypf&rnf/ csexm;aom f udkif; 3udkif; t&Snf 45 pifwDrDwm &dvmaomtcg yxrenf;twdi;f t&Guf S k pdyae&m atmufrS jzwfypf&rnf/ wpfzef f ,if ; acgif n G e f Y j zwf x m;aomae&mrS udkif;rsm;xGuf vmrnfjzpfNyD; yxrenf; uJoyif *Gus,ui;f 3 udi;f csexm;&rnf/ h Ykd f kd k f 'kwd,tBudrf csefxm;aomudkif;rsm; 45

aom tcg tyif\acgifnGefYydkif; t&Gufrsm; pdwaeaom ae&matmuf uyfvsuui;f jzwf f f kd uwfaMu;jzifh jzwfawmuf acgifErypf &rnf/ dS f ab;udkif;rsm; wpfae&mwnf;rS pkNyHKrxGuf vmap&ef j zpf o nf / acgif E S d r f vd k u f y gu

pifwD rDwmcef&nvmaomtcg txuf Y S f ygenf;twdkif; wwd,tBudrf acgifESdrf jzwfay;jcif;jzifh tyifykH o@efreuef S f yHpwl t&G,wl tyifrsm;&&Srnfjzpfonf/ k H f d

+
o&ufoD;\t&nftaoG;rsm; jyifyoGifjyifvuPmrsm; tav;cse?f t&G,f tpm;? d yHko@mef? ta&miftqif; vSyrI? t&nf taoG;wki;f wm ppfaq;aom d ud&,m rsm;ESihf qH;k jzwfcsursm;rSm d f (u) t&G,tpm;wki;f ud&,m f d d
(Vernier Caliper)

( c ) tcsK"mwfwi;f ud&,m d dk d
(Refractometer)

( * ) aysmrmrIwi;f ud&,m h dk d
(Penetrometer)

(C) csdefcGifESifhtav;csdefwkdif;ud&d,m tjypftemtqmuif;rI? twGif;ydkif; oGifjyifvuPmrsm; - tcsKd"mwf? tcsOf"mwf? trQif"mwfESifh t[m& "mwfwefbdk; - a&? ydkwif;? oMum;? u,fvpD,rf? azghpzm;&yfp?f oH"mwf wdkYjzpfygonf/o&ufoD;\ t"du t&nftaoG;rsm;tm; wki;f wm&mwGif d toD;\ tav;cse?f taph\ tav; d csdef? tcGH\tav;csdef? trQif"mwf? tcsKd " mwf ? tcsOf " mwf w d k Y t m; t"duxm; wdkif;wm&ygonf/
(Balance and Weighing Scales)

( i ) ta&mifcjJG cm;onfu'fjym; h
(Colour Chart)

( p ) tqiftwef;cGjkJ cm;rIpau; h
(Rating Sclaes)

(q) BuKd uEpoufotqiftwef; f S f l h (1-9) ponfwjYkd zpfygonf/ o&uf o D ; wG i f Ed k i f i H w umtqif h owfrwxm; aom pHcsepne;f r&Syg/ 0,f,ol S f d f H T d l \BuKd uEpf oufray:wGirwnfygonf/ f S I f l

25

od&mwGif tenf;qH;k &S&rnfaps;uGu0if Yk d h f o&ufo;D \ pHcsepe;f rsm;rSm d f H T - oefpifvwfqwf tjynft0&ifh usuf Y h &rnf (Maturity) - tpdr;f a&mifr&Sap& d - trSnrvGeap&? EGr;f &draeap& hf f - aeavmifjcif;vuPmuif;&rnf - yd;k udu&mr&Sap& k f d d - ta&mifysujf cif;r&Sap& - tcGay:wGitpuftajymufuif;&rnf H f - ta&mifwnDwnf;&S&rnf d - t&G,wpfnwpfnmwnf;&S&rnf f D d - tvG e f B uD ; aomtvH k ; ? tvG e f i ,f aomtvH;k rygap&

- tcsK"mwf (TSS) tenf;qH;k 20 H Brix d &S&rnf d - ysrf;rQtcsOf"mwfyg0ifrI 0.4% rS 0.45% &S&rnf d - trQienf;? tom;xl? taphao;rsK;d f jzpfvQif ydaumif;ygonf/ k

26

jrefrmho&ufo;D rsK;d rsm;\vuPmrsm;

jrefrmEdiiwipuysKd ;xGu&aom o&uf rIrsm;jzpfay: Ediygojzihhf t&nf k f H G f kd f f dS k f rsdK;rsm;wGif pdefwvHk;? jrausmuf? a&T[oFmwdkYrSm taoG;aumif; o&ufoD;rsm; d f d d f emrnfBuD; rsdK;aumif;o&ufrsm;jzpfNyD; jynfyodkY &&S&ef &dwor;f csef vGeenf;ynm k kd f wifyEiygonf/ jynfwi;f pm;oH;k &mwGif rcsppEihf &ifuJG rsm;udpepfwusvuem aqmif Ykd dk f G f k S o&ufrsKd ;rSm xif&m; vlBuKd ursm;vSygonf/ ,cktcg &Gu&ef vdtyf ygonf/ S f f k wGif pdewvH;k o&ufrsKd ;rsm;udk jynfyodYk wifya&mif;cs f Ykd aeNyDjzpfygonf/ opfoD;0vHrsm;onf cl;qGwfNyD; aemufyi;f udiw,f xde;f odr;f jcif; rSm;,Gi;f jcif;aMumifh kd k f G G t&nftaoG; a&mta&twGufyg avvGifhqHk;HI;

27

o&ufoD;&ifhrSnfhjcif;vuPmrsm; toD;aphBu;D xGm;vmjcif; toD;ta&mifajymif;vmjcif; uvdvz;D ac:tpdr;f a&mifjc,f wpfpwpfp aysmuf oGm;jcif; k kd f vdarmfa&mifESifh teDa&mifay;aom udkwDEGdKuf (Carotenoid) ta&mifodkY wpfpwpfpajymif;vmjcif; - toD;tav;cseaMumifh d;k wH(od)tnmwHiuus vmjcif; d f Yk kd f - toufEe;f (Respiration rate) ajymif;vJvmjcif; I I - tDovif;"mwfaiGUxkwvyrajymif;vJvmjcif; f k f I - toD;aysmajymif;vmjcif; h - umAGe[uNf 'wyg0ifrajymif;vJvmjcif; f kd d f I - upDrsm;rS oMum;odajymif;vJjcif; (ydcsKd vmonf/) Yk k - oMum;rsm;twG i f ; tcsif ; csif ; ajymif ; vJ r I & S d (rcsKd aomoMum;rsm; ykcsKd aomoMum; tjzpfajymif;) d &dwor;f cseveenf;ynmonf cl;qGwcserS pwifygonf/rnfonftcsewif cl;qGwf f d d f G f f d f h d f G rnfvJ ? - zGUH NzKd ;rIonf tqH;k pGexa&muf&aecsejf zpf&rnf/ f d dS d - tyifrtoD;rSnpwifa<ucsewif usetoD;rsm;tm;cl;qGwoifonf/ S hf d f G f f h - cl;qGwcsereuefronf tawGUtBuKH Eihf rsm;pGmqufpyfaeygonf/ f d f S f I S -

28

cl;qGw&eftrSeuefq;kH tcserm f f d f S - toD;\ycH;k rsm;onf nmwHxufjrifwufvmNy;D h ycH;k om;rsm;jynfaarmufae&rnf/ (Full Shoulders) h - zGUH NzKd ;rItqH;k pGexa&muf&aecsef (Maturity) wGif f d dS d qGwc;l &rnf/ f - tpd r f ; a&mif o nf a zsmh tjzLa&mif t puf a v; rsm;a0;vm &rnf/ (White spot away apart) - toD;tcGonfacsmae&rnf/ (Smooth Skin) H - toD;\csuonf jym; toD;yHo@mefonf jynfNh y;D f k vH;k 0di;f ae&rnf/ (Flattened Nose) k
- eHeuf 10 em&DrS nae 3 em&DtwGi;cl; t&dyatmuf f f

wGixm;&rnf/Anthracnose rIaygufym; f d G jcif;rSumuG,&ef rd;k &Gmcsewircl;&yg/ f d f G f (eHeufapmapmwGitoD;onfyy tap; f kd G ydxuf ojzifapmapm rcl;oifyg) k G h h - tnmwHukd 2 pifwrwmcsejzwf&rnf/ D D f - cl;qGwNf y;D aom o&ufo;D rsm;udk aea&mif wduuxawGU aomae&mwGif rxm;&? k f kd f d rd;k a&xJwivnf;rxm;&yg/ G f

29

cl;qGwfNyD;aemuf udkifwG,fxdef;odrf;yHktqifhqifh - cl;qGwcsere&rnf f d f S f - tjynft0&ifrn&rnf h h S hf - tmacR&rnf - a&aq;&rnf - 52 C a&aEG;wGif 5 rdepfcefprjf cif; H Y d - yefumavjzifh tajcmufcjH cif; - ta&mifwifjcif;? tat;cH? rdaq;zse;f jcif; I - t&nftaoG;ppfaq;jcif; - tav;cseay:rlwnf t&G,tpm;a&G;cs,jf cif; d f f - xkyy;kd jcif; f -tat;cHodkavSmifjcif;wdkYudkpepfwus aqmif&Guf &rnfjzpfygonf/

o&ufoD;wGif usa&mufwwfonfhrdIa&m*gydk;rsm; o&ufo;D rSUJ ajymufpe;f a&m*g G toD;ay:wGif teufa&miftuGufrsm;ESifhtpif; aMumif;rsm; yxrwGif tay:,HaMumwGijf zpf MumvmaomtcgtwGi;f ydi;f odYk a&m*gul;pufvm k ygonf/

30

rdeufa&m*g I

o&ufo;D rsuEmjyifwpfcv;kH ay:wpfcv;kH ay:wGif f S k k rD;cdk;a&mif (odkU)tdkEka&mif tuGufi,frsm; ay:onf/ if;tuGursm;onf MumvQif td&ifh f k (od) teufa&mifajymif;Ny;D toD;aysm emvmyg Yk h onf/ pyd;k rQiteufrsm;zH;k tkyvmygonf/ f f

toD;ykya&m*g f

toD;rsuEmjyifay: td&ifa&mifrS teufa&mif f S k h temrsm; jzpfay:vm aemufq;kH toD;wpfcv;kH k yky&aysmvmygonf/ f d h

tmykya&m*g f

tmae&mrSpwifaysmemvmNy;D taphywfvnf h tom;rsm; aysmykyvmjcif;jzpfygonf/ h f o&ufoD;'Pf&m&NyD; ykyfaqG;aomtom;wGif usa&mufygonf/

o&ufoD;wGift"duusa&mufaom ydk;rTm;a&m*grsm; o&ufyifrsm;wGif yd;k rTm;a&m*gusa&mufygu oD;xGuursm;pGmxdcuapygonf/ f kd kd f yd k ; rT m ;a&m*g rsm;onf tyif o uf w rf ; ? &moD O wk t ajctaeay:rl w nf qd;k &Gm;pGmzsup;D wwfygonf/ f

+
o&ufoD;xdk;,if/ oD ; xd k ; ,if o nf p G w f p d k a om &moDwGifydkrdkusa&mufwwfonf/ Oyrm- rcspfpk? acgif c sd K ;o&uf o D ; rsm;wG i f oD ; xd k ; ,if u sa&muf zsuq;D rIrsm;avh&onf/oD;xGuapmaom o&ufo;D f dS f rsm;ESihf aemufusay:aom o&ufo;D rsm;wGif oD;xd;k ,ifusa&muf zsufqD;rIenf;avh &Sdygonf/ yHkyef; o@efonf ,ifaumifEiqif wlonf/ oD;xd;k ,if S hf trwpfaumifonf wpfBurOvQif 150-400 txdO d f Edionf/ ,ifaumifronf Orsm;udk 0rf;AditwGi;f &Sd k f k f >yefyo@mef OtkwjH zifh Bu;D xGm;qJo&ufo;D twGi;f odYk kH xdk;azmuf OcscJhonf/ Orsm;onf wpfywftwGif; taumifi,f uav;rsm;aygufvm aygufvmaom avmufaumif (Maggot) rsm;onf o&ufo;D twGi;f oD;xdk;,ifrsm; om;quf rjyefUyGm;ap&eftwGuf oD;xd;k ,if xd;k yky&a<uusaom o&ufo;D f d rsm;udkaeYpOfaumuf ,lajrjrKyf ypf&rnf/ o&ufNcHteD; yiftdk o&ufyifBu;D rsm;&Saeygu ckwypf d f oifonf/ h
Methyl eugenol aq;wpfpufESifh ydk;owfaq;wpfpufqGwfxm;aom*Grf;

*
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+
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udk;um;csuf
- Competitiveness of Myanmar Mango MOAI - FAO TCP MYA 2902

- Commercial Storage of Fruits and Vegetables - Agricultural hand book 2004 USDA

f H D d f f - pdewvk;o&ufo;rsm;\t&nf taoG;tm;EIi;,SOavhvmjcif;pmwrf;(2005)PTAC

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