So Tay Thiet Ke Co Khi - Tap 1 PDF

PGS. HA VAN VUI TS, NGUYEN CHI SANG Ths. PHAN DANG PHONGPGS. HA VAN VUI TS. NGUYEN CHi SANG TH.S. PHAN DANG PHONG S6 tay THIET KE CO KHi TAP 1 (In lén thit hai) LT NHA XUAT BAN KHOA HOC VA KY THUAT HA NOT2006.LOI NGI DAU Cing vii su phat trién ciia nganh co khi ché tao may, nam 1980 "86 tay thiét ké e9 Bhi” gom 5 tap do cdc ccin bg Rhoa hoe cila Vién Nghién ctu co khi B6 Cong nghiep bien sogn da dude Nha xudt bdn Khon hov ve KS thudit lan tugt dn hanh. B6 sé tay la tai lieu tham hho shudn tién cho ede hj si va céin b6 bY thude trong ngénh co bhi. Tuy nhién sau hon hai chue ném tin tai, nhiéu noi dung trong sich céin dive déi mdi va cép nhGt them. Sut ra déi cia "SE tay thidt ke co khi” lan nay - 2004 nhdm dap ung yeu cdu "SO tay thiét ké co khi''gim 2 tap: Tap 1 ¢6 9 chung bao ham cdc néi dung ué ede ud dé hy thudt chung, thidt hé eb _Si tre gitip clita mdy tink PC, udt litu ché tao mdy, dung sai vé lip ghép, nhém bé mai | 00 yéu 06 cila het cau mdy va thiet bi, tink cong nghé ea bel edu, cde chi tit kep chat, ede chi tit va AG phn tiéu chudn va cong nghé phi bé mat him logi. Chuang 1 do thae si Nguyén Chi Sang vd thac si Phan Dang Phong bien soan, Chudng 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 va 9 do PGS Ha Viin Vui bién soan. Chuong 5 va 7 do thae si Nguyén Chi Sang bien soan. Tép 2 com 9 chuong gidi thigu edie loai truyén t6ng co khi vic ede you t6 cua truyén dong nlut trayén ding bank rang va irye vit, truyén ding wich, truyén dong dai, truyén dong vit-dai 6c vé truyén déng binh eéc, true vd 6 true, khdp truc, cic mai ghép thao duoc (then, then hoa, v.v..,). Tép 3 cd 10 chuang gém ede ndi dung vé ede moi ghép khing théo duive (han, tin, dan), duding dng va phu ting duime dng, thidt bj thity Ie va Bhi nén, hép gidim de, Io x0, co edu bit Rin, vét liéu va thiet bi b6i trom, cd thit bi do, diéu chink duge lp vao thiée bj va déng co dién, Cac uw ligu dita vao 86 tay la ca tiéu chudin Viet Nam thuge ede chuyén ngdnk Bg thugt da duge dé cdp. Song citng con khd nhiéu link vic RS thudt chua cé tiéu chudn Vigt Nam (TCVN}. Trong truimg hop nay chiing t0i da sit dung ede tiéu chudn ISO hade ede tiéw chudn cd Bhi cite hd nude cite nude Céng hoa lien bang Nya (TOCT) vi ede tidu chudn FOCT da qui quen thude dit si edo edn BG hy thudt co Rhi cilt nitde ta, Vike dita ra cdc tiéu chudn TCVN, ISO va FOCT nhém cung cép cho ngwdi thiét ké may va thiet bi ede thang 86, hich thude ca ban va yeu céu hy thudt ding dé tham khéo, con su la chon thong tin lé tity thuge ude nguili thidt RE, Trong khudn khé' mit sé tay tra cttu nén cade théng tin, tu ligu dutge cho dudi dang ote bing vd bang két hap wdi hinh ve, cde phuidng phap tinh todn thidt k€ hod kiém tra, cde yeu edu hy thuGt ve... Nhidu tidu chudn TCVN, ISO va FOCT da didde ban hanh tie rat law nhung dén nay vdn chita c6 tiéu chudn mdi thay thé ud.vdn duce st? dung co hiéu qua trong sin xuét.‘SO tay thiét ké co Rhi" la tai lieu lam vide cho-ede hiv su vd cén bG ky thudt cv Ahi ché' tao mdy, déng thai cling lé tai liéu tham hhdo cho ede thay gido, ede sink vien, hoc sink nganh ed khivché tao may hod c6 lién quan dén ca khi trong ede truting dai hoc cong nghé, ede trating cao ding vd trung hoc k¥ thudt cling nhu cde truéng day nghé. Trong qud trinh soan thdo "Sé tay thiét ké ca khi", chiing toi d& nhdn duge sit gitip dd hét site qui bdu cita Vién Nghién citu co khi BG Cong nghiép, cla nhiéu nha khoa hoe thube ede truing dai hoe céng nghé va cde Vien nghién citu. Chiing t6i xin chan thank cdm an vé su gitip dd chan tink nay. Véi kink nghiém va hién thite da tich liy duge, chiing toi da c6 gang hét site dé 66 sdch dat dude mitc chat Luong ma ban doc yéu edu. Song do kha ndng thu thép tai ligu vd xit ly thong tin edn 06 nhitng han ché nhét dinh nén hhéng thé tranh duoc nhitng thiéu sot. Xin ban doe xa gan chi bdo cho. Thu tit g6p ¥ xin gui vé Nha xudt bdn Khoa hoc va Ky thudt, 70 Tran Hung Dao Ha Néi. Ching ti xin tran trong cam on! Cac téc giaChuong 1 A. CAC VAN DE KY THUAT CHUNG 1. BON Vi DO é thong don vi quéc té (SI) HE thong don vi quée té (ST) 06 6 don vj co ban 1a: mét. kilogam, gidy, ampe, 49 Kenvin, cuéng do sang; hai dan vi phu: gée phdng, géc khéi va 27 don vi din xugt quan trong. Cac vn dé cata don vi do va hé thdng dan vi quée té (ST) duge gidi thigu trong eae bang tir 1.1 + 1.8. Béng 1.1. Cac don vj do cia hé théng don vi quéc té (SI) Bai twang Ban vi do ky higu Bon vicobén Chigu eai Met m Khai wong Kitégam kg Thai gian Giay s Guang d@ dong dign Ampe A Nhigt 6 nhi8t dong hoc 86 Kenvin * Cudng d9 sang Candela cd Don vi phy Gac phing Radian rad Goc khdi Stéradian st Bon vi ddn xudt Dig tich Meat yudng m ThE tich tat kh ™ Tan 56 Hee he Mat 6d Kilogam trén mét khéi kgtm? Van t6c (to a0 Mét tren giay mis Van t8s ge (te a gc) Radien trén giay rad/s Gia tée Mat trén gidy binh phyong mis? Lye Niuton NTidp bang LT Bar |vong Ban vi do ky higu ‘Ap sut (ling suat co hoe} Pascal Pa Céng, nang lugng, nhist iugog Jun 3 Céing suat oat ign iuong, dien lich Culong © Bién 8p, higu dign thé, suc ¢ién dong von Cuing 46 didn tring Von trén met Vien Dien 1s Om a ign dung Fara F Dong c&m tng velee ve Bian cam Henry ‘Cm ding tir Testa T Cusdng 06 tu trucng Ampe trén mét Am Sue ti dong Ampe A Quang thong Lumen in 86 chs! Candela trén mét vudng ecm? Bd roi Lux he Béng 1.2. Ude va bdi thap phan cla cic don vi dee nay bél Ghép He 86 cén phai ahan véi Ten ky nigu gon vi use atte a 19% . ents t sos . pied e 10" . nan n 10" . mict6 p 10° . nil m 10? . cont ° 10? BQ 6x1 4 10 . deca aa 10" . ecto h 1 . kilo k 10 " mega M 10° giga ¢ 10! “ tra T 40"Bang 1.3. Quan hé gitta cac din vj do van tée, lye, momen hye, 4p suat, cong, cong suai Don vi éo thutng éuge sit dung Bun vi do theo hg qué 18 Si Quan h@ cla den vi Tan gol ky hieu Tae coi ky higu tye Kilégam ue «Ge Niuton N [1 kG = 9.80665 N Momen tus Kildgam lus. met kG.m Niutan-met Nm |1kG.m= 9.80886 Nn Ap suat va tng suat Kkilégam lye trén mét vung kim? Pascat Pa (Nim?) |1 kGim? = 0.80865 Pa Kildgam ve ten centimet vudng | kGfom? ot nt [1 kGlem? = 98066.5 Pa Kilagam lye tr6n milimet vubng | «Girne nt nt [4 kGimm? = 9,80665.10° Pa Atmotahe ky thugt at at at | 1 et = 08088, Pa Ber ° bar nt mt |1 bar= 10" Pa Gam trén centimet khéi atom? Tai teén met khdi vem? Met tren giay mis, Vong trén phat vgrph Vong tren gly vers D6 ben giay ois Kilogam te.met kG.m Kildoa git kwh Kitégam lye met trén giay kGmis Ma luc m Kilogam tren mét khdi nt vgn te (tec d9) mei tren gidy Van toe gde (160 d6 ade) Radian trén giay nt nt Céng va céng suét Jun nt Cat at Mét 06 hode kdl fuong rieng kien? nt mis radis nt nt SN) nt nt 1 glem? = 10° kam? 1 tm? }0° kar? x tygiph= 2 rads alph= 35 tugis = 1% = 0,0174533 radi, rads kGm = 9,80665 J hW.h = 36.108 kG.mis = 9.80665 W mi = 735,48'WBang 1.4. Chuyén déi tif insd sang milimet 1" = 25,4 mm Inga Inse Inse Pransé | cain fe" Fo pranee | cam | MM oss | oan | Slime evainse | thap ante | "| ota nea tnap phan | | ca neo thap phan | 1164 aoe | 0.397 zsies | 0.3503 | 9,128 see | cea7s | 17.462 1132 00312 | 0,794 38 og75 | 9525 | asiee | o.7031 | 17,259 yea oss | 1,491 2sed | 93006 | 9,922 zz | arte, | 18.256 6 o.oses | 1,587 raz | o4os2 | 10,919 | 4764 | 0.7343 | ssa sis 0781 1,984 2res | 04218 | 10.716 wa 0.78 19,05, 3192 0.0897 | 2.981 76 o4a7s | 11112 | 49a | 0.7656 | 49.447 7164 01093 | 2.776 oes | o4531 | 11.509 | 2532. | o7ar2 | 19,844 ve 0.125 3,175, 15732 | 0.4887 | 11,906 | ses | o7e6s | 20.281 9164 0.1406 | 3,872 aves | o4e43 | tag03 | 136 | otzs | 20,637 5932 01562 | 3,969 12 05 12,70 sea | 0.8281 | 21.034 vies | 01718 | 4.366 awe | 0.5156 | 13,007 | 2702 | oe4s7 | 21,431 ame} 0.1875 | 4,762 i732 | oss12 | 13.494 | ssa | oese3 { 21,828 33164 | 02031 | 5,159 asia | ossea | 13,891 78 0.975 | 22,226 7182 2187 | 5,586 se | 0562s | 14,267 | 5764 | o.pooe | 22,822 1504 | 0.2343 | 5.983 aves | os7ai | 14684 | 2932 | 99082 | 23.019 14 0.25 6.35 19192 | 05937 | 18,081 | so@e | ooata | 23,416 vied | 0.658 | 6,747 sea | o6093 | 15.478 | 1918 | o9s7s | 23812 wz | 02e12 | 7.144 518 628 | 15875 | e164 | o9sa1 | 24,209 yois4 | 0.2968 | 7,581 aes | oesoe | 18,272 | siz | 0.0687 | 24,808, 5it6 osi25 | 7,937 2132 | oessz | 16669 | sa64 | ooee3s | 25,003 2ve4 | 0.aze1 | g.as4 | agree | osris | 17,068 10 10 25,40 1132 | 09437 | 9.731 ' Bang 1.5. Chuyén déi tir 46 sang radian Gée Curg rad G6e Cung rad Gée Gung tad Bbc Cung rad " 9.00005 9 0,002618 7 0.296706 39° 0.680678 z 0.900070 10" 6.092900 18° 0314189 40° 0.698132 3 ooccnss 20 0.006818 19° 0.931613 45° 0.785398 a 0.000019 20" o,o08727 20" 0.249065 50" 9.872665 s o.000026 ag 0.011838 ae 0,986519 56" 0.989031 es 6.000029 50° 0.014544 22" 0.989972 60° 4047198 r 0.000036 ” 0.017483 23° 0.401426 6s" 1134864 s ©,000039 2 0.034907 2ae 0.418879 70" 1.221730 cm e.o0044 a 0.052360 28° 0.436332 15 1.308997 [L_ 10" 0.000048 a 0089813 26° 0.453786 80 1.396268Tiép bang 15. Gbe Cung rad Goo Cung rad I Gée Cung rac Goo Cung tad 20" 0,090097 By 0.087266 ar 0.471299 as 1.483530 30" 0.000145, 8 0,104720 2a 0.488692 20" 4,570796 40" 0.000194 7 0.122173 2" 0,506145 400° 1.745329 50” 0,00242 a 0.139626 30° 0.523599 320" 2,094395, 1 9.900291 a 0.157080 a 9.541052 150" 2.817994 2 0.000582 40" 0.174533, 32” 0.558505 180° 3.141583 s 0,000873 uw 0.191986 aa" 0.575959 200" 3.490659 e 0.001164 12° 0.209440 24" 0.593412 260" 4,363323 5 9,901454 13° 0.226893, 36° 0.610865 270" 4.712380 6 0.001745 14" 0.244346 36" 0.628319 300° 9.235986 r 0.002036 19° 0.281798 ar" 045772 360° 6.283185 e 0.002327 16" 0.279253 38" 0,663225 400" 6.981317 Chg thich: 7. Radian |a gée duge ohn bai mét cung bang bén kink 2, trad = S717 44,8" 53° = Vidu 4, Vint ra radian goe 43°44" Tu bang 1.5, xac dink éuge: 40 3° 10 * 20 a" 26" 698132 rad 0,05236¢ rad = 0.002988 rad 0.001164 rad "= 0,000097 rad = 0,000039 rad’ 43°14'28" 2. Tinh ra 48 cung 4,862 rad Tu bang 1.5, xée dinh duge: 0.754701 rad 4862 rad 12969 rad 0.149611 rad 0.139826 red “0.008985 rad 0.008727 rad 6.001258 rad 0,004 184 rad 0.000084 rad 0.000048 rad 9.000086 rad 0,000044 rad 4862, rad 0.017455 rad = 270 30" 4 2783419H. GIAL CAC TAM GIAC VA DA GIAC 1, Tam gidc yuéng (hinh 1.1) b=actgu; tN Cho a, a. a Tim b, ¢, F. & Hinh 1.1. tea= 2; u=90"- 6 eB bo 5 atesina, tep= 2, p= 90-0, Choe,a. Jb=ccosa; Cho a,b e Tima, 6, = 2. 5, FE sina, Time. Boe Fes ya" + b¥ = —E = ro %, 2 sina = 2 5a= 90° B; e cos B= 2:85 90°- a; Cho a, ¢. a Tim 0, 8,5,F.) p- foto Ke+alle-a} =e cosa =csin B: Peo ferBRw = Locsin B. 2. Tam giac thutng Truong hop 1 Cho a. By 80" - (B+ y; hoaea. 0, B. 8o- fats Tim 6, ¢, F. | y= 180° (@ +). Cho «, 8 7 Time, @, B, F. teas 2siny asinB _asinB__ Ba" Bo acosy’ sina sinB+y) cing = 230, p= —bsiny_, o= ny __asiny “oe! @-boosy* sina sin(3 +) pe absiny pe sin Bsiny . a) 2sina Aetep+ctey)Trudng hop 2 a> b (do dé B nkon); fi <@ (hinh 1.2) Hinh 1.2 asin ra c-acosb +dcosa= 2°"! 28 cosa tye’ — 6” sin’a; sing Cho a, 6, a. ap bsina ge Thy tame Tim pyc F. sinB = ——; cos = y1— sin’ Bs 7 = 180° — (a. + B); pe t0siny _ besing 2 2 Truéng hop 3. >a, Co hai phueng an: B < 90° va f! > 90” (hink 1.3) sing = 23M oo3g <4 fl sin’ Bs a y= 180°- (a + B) 2B; Choa, 6, a. Tim Bye F Hin 1.3 3. Biéu thite cia cac géc tam gide 46i véi cde camh va nita chu vi Cho a, 6, ¢. Tima, B, y, F. athic Nita chu vi P= ilcos B cos y= sin t v a® ac —0? | Rac Bab = {FOP ny ab B 3 ¢08— F= JP(P-aVP-i(P-o). Pea ac , sin B= JOrMPro) in p= 2 ac bt +0 - Bang 1.6. Da gise déu + 86 anh; ¢-canh ca da giac ban kinh vang tron ngoai tip 1+ ban kinh vong tren ni tiép; F didn tich eda da gide. ce © ss 180. arg 1008 i a LF Sin Bag OY an Fg 18% pana 7 @ : F 3 1,732R 3,464r OS77%o 2,000F 0.288c 0,500R, 0.433c% 1,299R? 5,196 4 W414 2,000r 0.7076 1.4146 0,500c, 0,707R 1,000¢7 2.00087 44,0007 5 A176R 1.4536, 0,851 11,2386 0,688e 0,809R, 17218 2,378R? 3,6337 6 1,000R 1155 14,0006 1,185 0,866¢ 0,866R 2,598¢7 2,598R* 3.4647 7 U.886R | 0.963r 11526 11D" 1,038 | 09017 3,635c? | 2,736R7 3.a7tF 8 O,765R, 0,828r 14,3076 1,082 14,2076 0,924 4,828? 2.828R* 3.3147 9 O.084R 0,728° 14626 10647 41,3740 0.940 6.18207 2,893R7 3.2767 10 O.618R 0,650r 1.6186 1,082¢ 1.5396 O.951R, 7.6947 2,939R? 3.2407" MW 00,5642 0,587r 1,7 75¢ 4,042 1,.703¢ 0.960R, 9,364c7 2.974R7 3,230" 12 08182 0,536r 1,932¢ 4.0357 1.8666 O.966R | 11,598c7 3,000R? 3,215 16, 0,390R | 0,398" 2.5636 1.0207 2.5146 | 0,981R | 20,109 | 3,082R° 3,183" 20 0,373 O,31?r 3.1966, 40136 31876 0,98BR | 31,569¢? 3,090R® 3,168 24 0.2618 0.263 3.8316, 1,009" 3.7982 O,991R | 45,575¢? +3,106R? 3.1607 32 O.196R | 0.197% 510% 14,0057 5.077¢ | O,955R | 81,225¢? | 3,121R* 3.1527 4a O.AS1R | 0.131r 78450 1,002r 7,629¢ | 0,908R | 182,08? | 3,133R? 3.1457 64 0,098R | 0,098 | 10,190¢ 1,001r | 10,178 | 0,999R | S25.69c? | 3,137R? 3.4447 12Il, QUAN HE LUONG GIAC Bang 1.7. Cac cng thitc qui déi lugng gide Ham ye + Poe £ age ide -m 20° & 180" 0 270 4 260" ba sin = sina veer Fina ~ cose sin (ea) cos soos a sina = COS o sino cos (+ a) ta -ig@ Fete tige Feige tata) tg -ciga Fige, rege Figa alg (£4) Bang 1.8. Biéu thite cha mét ham lugng gide thang qua ham lugng giée hae Adi vdi cung mot goc Ham tuong giae sine cosa tga ota tgs 4 sina = - yi-cos? a Tregbe oct 4 eta <0 i ® stg? I votg?a — tgae - olga 4 etga= we - Cac céng thifc lugng gia 6 ed ban sin’s + cos*a = 1; sin (a + B) = sina. cos f+ cos « sin Bs et te cos 20 = cos’a - sin* sin 2 os (a + B) = cos o cos F sin a sin By (w+ B= (tg at tg B) : (LF te a te Bi ctg (a. + B) = (ctg a ety BF 1): (otg B+ ctg ws . 2 sin 2a = 2sin a cos a= otga+tgo =1-2sin’a = 2 cos’a. 2 = JU aeoay = 2 (sftrnng) -fI-vina 13cos = [RU 0080) = 2(YOeaina) +YTrema tg@ = Sine. 1088 | Siew 2 l+cosa sina 1 1 ce Z = Se. $8080 | Sepa eoae) : 2 l-ctga sing 2sin® & = 1 - cosda.; 2cos* «@ = 1 + cos2a. Iv. CAC HINH PHANG Cac yéu td cita cc hinh phang: F - dién tich; P - mét ntta chu vi; L - chu vi vong tron; n ysé canh cua da gife; R - ban kinh vong tron ngoai tiép; r - ban kinh vong tron ndi,tiép; O - trong tam; p - ban kinh cong; y, va x, - cée dai lugng xde dink vi tri cba trong tam duoc gidi thiéu trong bang 1.9. Bang 1.9. Tinh toan cac yéu té cha hinh phang Fat= Le ibs o707td= VF Zs x a= ata vF =14168 TEAS | A 0-8 giao diém cba cae dung chéo > O- gine diém cha cde duéng chée: -2 ye 3 F Feavca=F i= 3 b 0+ 8 giao dim eta cas dudng choo; aZ wD Binh han 14Tiép bang 1.9. 3 oly [ate ot-c2 2 | + ps tiaebeoysnas 6= {RP-aNP-DIP He) | 0+ dgiae diém cia cae tung tuyén 5 BG, = CA 598 o? = 2,998R" = 3,464? R 55 r; r= 0,866 c= 0,866 R; 0-6 tem hinh hee, ¥e= 0.865 R; Yor + 848m hinh hee: y, = 0,924 R B6i v4; inh 8 canh: F = 2,828R? | 7=0.924R ¢ TSR L = 2ar = 6,2832F= 3.14160, r= 1:6,2092 = YFTSIATE = 0,5040F a= i384 = JF O7EEE = 1.128 0F o- tam ela ving tron;Tiép bang 1.9. 2 ae! FR 7 1,87087 = 0.392708 ; = oe azaee Yee By 2 Os Nua tron 2 2.31618 ae fo EARNS = porasra = e= 4 = 0.008727? sa = 57296! 2 7 2 3 EZ LLB, x ee ) vat e223 yGr=F) P= Ti ofr: f= 0.017450 0; ete an? in 87.2961 = Fa x(R? - 7) = 3,1616 (R? -P)= TAN6(R + (R—F) = 0,7854 (4? a?) 858d + dyN(— ah); O- &tam hinh hee; YR Qual vanh khan = Rae ath - Bye F = (Re -)= 0.008738? - A) = 2% _ ig? _g2) = 2 ae = (dd?) = 0.002180 (a? — a?) ; i360 yee ‘ , (=A jsina n= 98.197 Kiso * Pa 18Tiép bing 1.9. Tri 86 gan dung cla chu vi 2p = 3.1416 ya" ~ 8°) Tri 86 chinh xac han cila chu vi ; ae aso fae =o) PE Fe nab = 3144606 0-8 giao diém cba cac true: ¥,= bi F,O= FO, = fa? 2? notes Ban kinh cong tei dig 2 ye Bg Koh tam e= Chiéu dai cda cung tron entip pa g| M220 “a Enlip L V. DIEN TICH BE MAT VA THE TICH CUA VAT THE Bang 1.10. Tinh toan dign tich bé mat va thé tich cia vat thé Hink’ Dign tich bé mat F, | Khoang cach 191 trong bé mat ben Mt tam xq. Fs Thé tich Vo M = 2x0h = nah Yo= Ty 7Tiép bang 1.16. Dign tich bé mat, | Khoang cach téi trong mt . a Hin bé mat trén A 18m X. Yo Tee toh v F = t6ag cign ticn ota ; b 88¢ tam gldc + dign tich yor th ¥= dign tien cba day x 2 . a g lia day ‘M = dign tich bé mat > trong + dién tich bé mat hee Ve nh tr? Py goal yee HM ce ath Me neh + ny) Ve nena A Big ahh Tha (by est xiér 2 Fa dni = nce - ve fas ea 22, ane =2 5 eho) vs Sartre Quat eéu 18Tiép bang 1.10. Hinh® Digan tieh bé mat F, bé mat tran M Khodng each tél trang 18M %. Ye Thé ich v Chim edu M= 2nrh = = fe + 4ney Me wie = arti ut? F = tng ¢iGn tich ota eae hinh thang va day won, day aust a4 for ghe e294 geil th h ve ale f, - day tron, fy day dust M=no= tren} _ (Pate ae) rare ah ve aking Hin xuyéin F= miDd = 9,86960¢ ners 9.739 RE + O- trong tamVi. CAC Yéu 16 VE SUC BEN VAT LIEU VA TINH TOAN sic BEN 6.1. Cée yéu t6 vé site bén vat liu (bang LU + 113 Bang 1.11. Médun dan héi B, médun trugt G va hé 56 Poisson p (6 nhiét dd «20° C) vat wou Modun, kG/em? He 36 z 3 Poisson x Thép cacton (2-21).108 81.108 0,24 ~ 0,28 Thép hop kim 21.1098 81.108 0,25 - 0,30 Thép dite 1.75.10 - - Gang xam (@e-1,5)10° 45.108 0,23 - 0,27 Gang xam ci én GX28-45; 38.60 (12. 1,6).105 (52-7,0).108 - Déng kée ngudi 1.8.10 4.9.10° Béng can 15.108 40.10% 6,31 - 0,24 Ding brong thige BCuSNSZNSPb3, BCuSMtUP1 | (0,78- 1,24) 10% - 0,32 - 0.38 ing brong khong thie duc BCUAIOFed, BCuANDFedNid (1.05 - 1,2).10° - 0.32 - 0.38 Bong brong duc 1,05.108 42.108 - Bing ate 084.10" - Déng brdng phot pho can 4.15.108 4.2.10 - Béng latong mangan cin aat08 40.10% 0,36 ng tatong nhom (1.0-1,08).408 | @.7 = 4.0).108 0,32 - 6,24 Bing lating kéo Nguoi (0.9 1,0)10° G5-2,7).10° 0.92 0.42 Nnémn cin 059.108 (2,6 - 2,7).10 0,32 0,36 Suara c&n o7t.108 37.908 - Hop kim age (0,7 -0,72).108 2740 0.32 Hap kim mege (0.4 - 0,45).10° - 0.34 Tectolit (8 - 10),10° - - Vinipiat tém 94.108 - - Kinh hi eo (29 4,1).10° - 0.35 0.98 Cactong (1.4-2,0).10¢ - - Teflon - 4 (GAT - 0,85),104 - - 20Bang 1.12. Momen quan tinh doc, momen can va ban kinh quan tinh cda hinh phang Momen quan tinh doc, J Momen cin W, : i Hinh dang mat dt ngang we ee ne jn Ban kon aun inh ala nin ee c= J, = 0,050" We = WY, = 0.10108) = d,05dt1-c}* ros D = 0.3590 : we Ade ARs | Je 0,006064! = _ . wottor r= a0xe60 onsze wd a 42 2 oo, yet IE 0.250 1 Ga = O05 3 128 Nia tron 21Tiép bang 1.12, Hinn dang mat ct ngang Momen quan tinh doe, Momen cn W, om! Ban kinh quan tinh j om oe Sint 180° 3 2 xa? Qual tron ‘Chit thich = 2rsin® eo 2rsing Sen 180" ink fh ine 180° sina 180° 4 Bn rth Nita vanh khan we ie = 0.17 4 ry rh ~0238r4rf A i We Bet wE oF 2 na? Quat vanh kinan 22Tiép bang 1.12. Hin angi ngang | MAm@NeuaN nh doc | Homen cn Bn Kah aus tai, od ra* Tn rear “| CEB eo! 7 red 2 Profin juon tron €61 xung A LOE. 2 . nav? 2 6 EP? so765400" | 4,» 2» 0.706400 2 42 228 wo.resaate | w,= 22%. 0.70800% 4 Enlip Vubng ring. 23,Tiép bang 1.12, Hinh dang mat cat ngang Momen quan tinh des, J, om! Momen can W, om? Ban kinh quan tinh 4, i 5, - ~Al? AX ol i 8 R= 0.4088 - ve — a sek 15 Vusng rng méng Kthi eat cae ge tren va ‘duéi lung we thi momen sheng usin tang len dén W, = 12469 vung rng ce g8 0,286 yb? - oF Chir nhat 24Tiép bang 1.12. 1uan tinh doe, w, en of an kinh quan tind i Hin dang mat e&t nase Momen quén tinh doc, Nomen cin W. Bén kinh quan tinh j, cm em’ } om ba € = 0,289 x b8 atcos% sins spy Foose Bay | steostucotane [x featur Pana acosu bane Chir nhat xoay or y= bet, ta bay >| Bei s = ' ab ao} ZA 8b wr ‘Chat nhat rang wy s Fg ee kay SB h : (Bat: | 58 { area) Se} sot Chir ahat ring mang | ayn np ‘ 2 eT Binh) ben A) ny 0,289 Mat cat gdm 2 hinn chit nnat baog nhau 25Tiép bang 1.12. Hinh dang mat e&t ngang Momen quén tinh doc, v) Momen can W, Bén kinh quan tinh i, diém 3 day be 2 mt cm? om Khi tinh toan ting suat 6 on dinh tam giée: 36 2 bi -te be i= 2 =0230 vam a hi tinh toan cng sual tai We no a Ot aba eat) hi tinh toan Ging suat tai aid 3 aay tren ne? + 4b0 va?) wy, 1225+ a) neat ** Bla) 4 365+ a) tai 6idm 8 day dudi: x fae? eaberay 17 (@? +4ba +a?) 3 w= 20 vere vy 2 B23 125 = 23) 3 bre Hin thang A. Sold es =x fi bina’ 43 Dna wee wy * a gy 24 ba Hinh thang 26Tiép bang 1.12. Hi dena mat ct gang | NORE WAN in aes | Meman gin WT San wh aan vn cr om em nyo DSi vo the dui “a & + ony le “ wf i ono 5 36 vi tn tn F a, F sonar | poe a= [ne 2 i Mn ¥o OY 12(br, = 0,4) 2 yay = hh fee v4, = tin Hon,» EP) @ char iy Pal be ont 209? a 1A . tua | { nis BP + * ee ee Too] priwhs | w, 2 = (hh Jb* hth 2by)* bid + 20)i2n +m) 5 4 Ge RuRE te eh y= b°(n+ Ay) Alb — 24 oh, + Th = Renae 2m? Chitu y <] 3 3 s by (b+ on? Ww, Dif sob J, = SA (be dy en fas yee: ' AK 4 a : 6h Z tet” ng «thn w= Aone Zr 5 a ra oe Chit thap g < x O64 heac 12h? = 0,625a°, 45653 = 54 tat 5418" 0,287A L. ‘Sau canh déu _ ve Sans ¥ , Why = Wy ). 1005 = 0.08478 Wy 6.001277 Tam cann déu_ QTBang 1.13, Dac tinh hinh hoc cla 46 ettng viing va dé bén déi vei mat cat eda dém thing chin xodn. Vitti sia él €6 ang Hinh dang mat eét agang Momen quan tinh, Momen en khi xodq, sual lon nat ota ddim) ni xan, J, . em W... om? Me - : kien’ M% Tron i Ung suai lin nhat xvat hose hign tai t8t €& e&e diém tren chu vi mat ct ngang =i sie w= 3 = 1.57 Ung suat lén nhat xuat hign igi tt 68 cf diém hose hove trén chu vi ngoai cua We So= OTS wu) | Wee WY, 30.20 (1 ty | dt oat ngang, xa? dee TE 32 | J Va khan méng 8. ff 2, Tat cB cac diémd w= 278 trang eiing mot diéu kién 2 (g8n ding) Le a sot io ‘anh khan méng Ug suat lan nhat tai aid | iehong khep kin A, Tal didn 8 ing sual s= 0 s<0J0 28Tiép bang 1.13. Vili ada diém ob Ging sud Hinh dang mat cét ngang Momen quan tinh Momen can khi xogin tan abst cha dam Khi xoan, J, em* he om Mm 2 kGtom? Mat edt iron duge vat Ung suat |@n nat xuat hidn h ux Seton we Fe 285°) fa girs mat edt ag Foster — |phdng caiém a) a Tai céc gée + = 0 : t err | d : - Tron 68 anh won t ‘ona sual lon mhdt xudt hién ! 4i= Kye day rnb (diém A) Gia tl cli cdc He 50 K, va Kp phy thude vio 7 eee R | % |0008} 01 | 02 } o4 | os | oa | 10] 18 | 57 | 16 | 5.56 | 148 | 1.22 | 092 | 0.83 | 098 D=2R | 064 | v.22 | +22 | 129 | 131 | 102 | 191 | 263 Enlip dae Gng suai kan ahat tai diém A. Ung sual lon ahat tai cide B, = Som a phe? Ws a hb? Ung suit én nbait xudt hign 6 gitta chiéu dai canh mat cét (aiém A), ‘ing suat tai diém B: 7= ty), Gia ti eta cic he 98 uf va y phy thude vao 2 120] 129] +26] 150] 195] 200] 250 | 300 400 | 500] 600] ao Jroon| He 0.208 0.219] 0,221]0,231]0,239]0,246] o,259] 9,287 0,220,291 |a,209 0.307 [o.s42 |0.393) # [o.t99[o.196]0,172)0,196[0,214]0,228| 0,249] 9 263/0,261]0,29+ 0,299) 0,307 [0.212 |a.a39 7 | 1.02 | 0.93 | 0.98 | 0.86 | 0.82] 0,79| 0.77] 0.75) 0.74] 0.74 | 0,75] 074 | 0,74 | ove 29Tiép bang 1.13. Hinh cang mat e3t ngang Momen quan tinh Momen carr khi xodin, suat én ahat Viti eta aiém c8 ang | cha dam khi xodn df, er* ome M = Sh kGiom? mw 6 cann bode 8 canh déu ae We koe Dd} vai inh 6 can i va t nh i vei hinh 6 cann ' | . K= 6.217 & gitta canh, i vei hinh Be | [Pay nen Bem ain eco | glace : " =O. ef 4 JF - Din tich mat cat 0.238 Tam gidc déu 6 glia canh, pe Bat cde goo 40 ‘" 4619 2598 = De tums Me Tp um 6.2. Tinh toan site bén 4. Tinh todn stte bén kéo va nén Khi tinh toan thiét ké, dign tich mat edit ngang elia chi tiét F duge xae dink: py PO em? 4] trong dé P - Ive kéo hole nén, kG; ung sudlt cho phép khi kéo, kG/em*. Is,] Khi tinh toin kigm tra, edn sae dinh ting suat thuc té va so sfinh véi img sudt cho phép as F cto) 2, Tinh todn site bén cdt Khi tinh toan thiét ké, dién tich mat ct ngang cita chi tiét F duce xic dinh: 30PF sem trong a6 P - tai trong cdt (trugt), kG ; In, - ong sudt cho phép khi cit, kGfem’. Khi tinh toan kiém tra, eda xae dinh img sudt cat thie té t, va so sinh voi img swat cho phép 3. Tink todn site bén xotin Khi co ngdu luc tae dung len true (hodc ddm) tao ra mémen xodn M,, thi trong mat edt ngang ciia truc dim) sé xudt hién tng sudt tiép 1. Tri sé lén nhat etia ting suit tiép dat duge trén bé mat cua true: Tamas trong dé. M, - momen xoan, kG.em; J, - momen quan tinh dge cue, em" ; r- ban kinh eda true (ddim), em; W,= — -momen cin khi xofin, em®. r Déi Voi mat cat trdn vA mat ctit c6 hinh dang die biét khic, céc cong thie tinh J,, J, W,, W, duge gidi thigu trong bing 1.18, Khi tinh toan thigt ké true: trong dé {t] - ting suét cho phép khi xodn, kG/em® Dai vai dam cé mat cét ngang tron, W, = 0,3d" Khi tinh toan kiém tra, cdn xe dinh ting suat tiép lon nhat = ot sin A Tome, 31Goe xoin 9 duge xAe inh: trong db 1 - chigu dai truc (dim), em; G+ modun trugt, kG/om? (bang 1.11) 4. Tink todn sic bén uén Khi chiu tai trong ut dam sé bj cong theo huéing cia luc tae dung. Khi 46 lap vat ligu 4 phia 18i eta dém bi udin cong sé chiu kéo, con é phis lam - chju nén. Lop vat lieu é gitta dim khéng chiu kéo va chiu nén duge goi la lép trung hda, Cac cong thite dé xe dinb momen uén, phan luc géi ta, do vong va goc xoay cua cae dam cé mat cAt ngang khong déi véi e&e sd dé kep cht va chiu tdi khde nhau duge gidi thigu trong bang 1.14. Cie tng sudt kéo va nén, gay ra dai ud, dat due gid tri lén nbét tai ede lip cdch xa lép trung hoa nhat duge xac dinh theo efing thite a i ai ,kGiem? trong dé M - momen uén, kG.em; W- momen ean, em’. Khi tinh toan thiét k@, edn x@e dinh momen can trong dé lo] - tng suat udn cho phép, kGfem". Khi tinh ton kiém tra, cain dam bao diéu kign bén 5. Tinh todn dam chiu bién dang phite tap Bién dang phife tap 1A té hop cac bién dang dan gian (kéo hode nén cing vdi udn hoae xoan, v.v...). thi chiu bién dang phic tap, trong dim s& xudt hién cdc trang théi ting sudt phic tap lam gidm dang ké stic bén etia chi tiét may. 32YZ oy ye wd Tay id py Y= Z yy wot my z ¢ (1-2 = Ww tday aaa) wel by new Wap p nus PS) Bus 39D ey ROOK SOE pus Up upp valeur ep WOW WOWOR BP np WU URE ‘Buu Up! Buen 6p ‘Igy uep Buonp yuu; Buprys A 1Rq 19 Wu Buox, ugn UsWoYy auIOU 2A OM] UEYe, Bupnp Suép “wep 189 484 op pg oN (19) © 274g pa os Suu ayo WUE ego ddp YUP WENb Uautour - “p +CaropE) 9p 194 WEP UNpoLE - ¥ :SugUd veut Sago Saou Bump ov (w9/)y) oq WEY Buda pe Op BagNd - b (yy) Suna dia omy - q Mua Dy) wyp ens Z aA IA SUN. Sunp Bueya 33 Bueyd year Buon Lawow - fy naiy £4 ofp mosU Budaj Iw], ‘wrYp IEW CYS TEN UaWOU gp naIG ka Oy GRP HupNp nary Is Bug “urep eno Tey amar yur A Ley FU YBa Ips Sun ZupNI (Op) *g “Ig AvOx 908 va (ura) “a UYU UD| BugA Op (2) = a TOY UEP Suenp yus Fuonyd \(uDgy) yy qeyU up] UN UsuOW “(T Op 98 WOK - WEP BNO TR WUL DYP ure, Bud. wa Fonay op voy 298) 2 Op wo7 9 G4 32q ago Ww Buon (2)"py = “jy uo ueMoUr ony natq “(leyd BAI 198) "Ay “ge BA CHE WAL 108) Ypy sy ony UEYA coYD Bueg uo] 1p Buggy Sandu iyo agur go Yury UgIP WEP ago IDA IOp Uaq ons UOL YUL “FIT SUPTi nary & c a “3th (ge Bale” ee) SB 2 | wep p tw (ga) yeu 990 18 Reox 265 ypuu UB} UgN Gewou eA 196 p Upn welwow gp nai 94 UEP “TRU UDF BoA op "IOY LED Bunnp yup Bung ‘1 ea 1g9 Ww BuaK ugh uawow | Yawou e637 gua Gunnp Bubp ‘wep \By9 424 op og oN . L . 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BURA 6p “Igy Uap BuENP YUL Buen, “Ay eq 129 Ew Buoy Yon MoMA, UaUoW EA 3A) Ube Sunn Bue ‘wep 1eys day gp 9s oN BUT Sung dans 362 4 ena] + taeege aisaey z£ Zz a ’ e iP oye wi iv + eye " a ¥ ew »tZ gL wet | ay W. . Fy a a an * 2 oe Ti 0= Boy lief ge Ore 8 wet aw ph on “6s "3981 sew 8 e680 = 2 uy PE 2 . peca a vf fz 8 8), ' c 2] 2-12-22 |o ow , vii 8 8 La- me 23/3 oa “ woey eo tte 03 = 3 luge © smu {4g9) ul 989 961 KeoK 29B ypyL Up] Ugn voWoW ey 196 @ ign uawow 9p npia 94 ueD iN ‘puU Up] Buss op “Oy UEP OUBM Yuu BuOAY ‘on ieg 1g9 18 yon ugn vewloyy uowou ex af] uel Buanp Buep “wgo B49 48% 9p 0S PET Fupg dong‘eae lez + Ned on _ ye 20 corn (ee t-= W z y5250) wed? aL a jz 4 @ (pe tag 8 we 7 pae='o : a z ra8e po ay = oy SF ca ayy LIBEL, z t we ft ‘ cis pt gv tz PHP =, i =g= z i gp p anu go] 3g oF 18} Keox 998 equ UBL UgD WewOW en 108 9 ugh uawour op ngiq gu wep y equ ae) Buon 6p 194 Lep Bupmp quia Busnyd “fo: yea ape eu BON UDR URWOIA awow ea 2A| Ute Sugnp Guep ‘wep reus 434 9p oS FEE Fung dary 38,sttkek2(39) Trong truéng hop nay, viée tinh toan da bén duge tién hanh véi ting suat qui dé hoge cdng suat tuong duong o,. Céng thiie xae dinb cée ting’ suat tung tuong cho cde loai bign dang khae nhau d6i véi cdc vat ligu khée nhau dude gidi thigu trong bang 1.15, Bang 1.15. Ung sudt tudng dutong o,, eiia cde dim chiu bién dang phite tap Leai bign dang So 46 tai trong, Ging suat tyeng durong (qui ddi} ‘Dac tinh vat ligu bn va ués 4A hye os 5 1 | Nea va usm 2 nue Me Glen va déo ! ae we eae My ig et Sy t ¥ Pp 2 be Kéo va utr Z qf PM, Gien va déo g tig= E - Me j Fw, 4 J . z Ala» ou* yop +3 a Cat va kéo uy —_ | Déo ow BAPE? x 4 Cat va kéo Wea sg = O.5(a + yng + 4g) Sion : j ows feet 8 Cat va nén o> 2 yp? 30? Gien F oe = Oia, + yee +48 30Tiép being 1.18 N«_f/Loai didn dang So 46 tai rong ing sud tuong sueng (qui dai) Bae tinh vat igus a= fede Be | . fee 0 oat Ey of 1 6 Xoan va kee: ay = 05a, * Yara} Gin ou = Yaad | dn va xodn cba Mis owe 1 dues o75me) pee ’ dim mat eat 1 uv" gang tron & mats ee Me Bla, + fogs dr) Gon ala oa= fog vae Dee 8 Cat va usin y= 05a, + yfo2 4x2 ) Sion Aya 9 Cat va xodn = fa? sty Déo M, 4 = Gia yy tau)? 4 Bre Déo Usin, kee va Q gf % xohn ms a= 0.5le, 49,4 Ya, 4a, Poa? Gion Chui thick: 40 1. Cac chi si dudi dang: td - tuong duong, k - kéo; u- udm; n= nén:¢- edit; t- xodn 2: Dac tinh (Ai trong - tinh,sttkek2(41) 6. Tinh todn dam chiu udn doc Khi tinh to€n cae ddm dai chiu nén (hinh 1.4), ngodi viéc kiém tra dé bén, can phii kiém tra vé udn doc theo cong thite: af F slo.) trong dé P - tai trong (luc nén does cché lam che ddm bi F. dién tich mat cit ngang eda dim khong tinh dén (rank, ranb then, v.v..); [o,] - ing suat cho phép chiu nén. Hé sé p xét téi su lam gidm tng sudt nén cho phép cia dim phy thuéc vao 46 déo 3 cha dam, Gia tri 4 duige xac dinh thee eng thite trong dé: 1-chiéu dai i - bin Ieiah quan tink ohé nhst eda mat edt ngang Syq,- Momen quan tinh nhé ohiit, em’; F- dién tich mat cat ngang, cm*. Hé 80» phy thade vio phusng phép ngim dim. Khi cae dau mit dam duve kep chat bang khop ban 1é (hinh 14a), > 1; khi mot kia ty do Chink 1.4b), w= 2: khi mot dau mit duge ngim ecing, cn dau mit kia khép bi (hink 14e), = 9,7; khi ed hai dau mut duge agam ettng (hinh Ld}, = 0,5. mit diée ngam cting cén dau mut Gia tri cla hé sd p duye cho trong bang 1.16. a) b) c) Hinh 1.4, $0 dé cac dim bi uén doc 4)PON ef0 nly A 0auL (L alr r wo : ovo | ero | eo - 5 eo avo | ovo | oz | zo | avo ovo ovo ovo | ove | oot : zo no | avo | oz | zizo | we ozo +50 eso | 6x0 | 08 : - eve svo | ovo | on | sao | avo 929 e909 zo | sco | oe - - pave avo | azo | os | eso | exo veo Leo veo | sao | ae - ie ao avo | evo | oa | agro | 2eo oo ao oro | ovo | 09 i oat - ove wo | ovo . au | aca | ero us +90 sro | evo | 08 - : Wo eo | oro oat | ao | ave ago eo evo | zo | op - - | era sv0 eo ost | seve | seo lea ze0 eso | seo ee | gee so | oro ; ovr | seve | seo tea 680 seo | 260 0 : see zo | ore > on | asso | avo seo a0 aso | 6s | ot : : eso avo | aro | oz | oot | cote oe oot oor | co 2 0#-12x9 st or 2x9 879 nOINISIDG! | OFO NOINIS-Os) | OFS BreZxo | 9¢-21X9 zo erecxo| sr-aixe ozo szunor | 989 cdot ‘szuWoL | 869 wevexe | ae2ixe zr19 verexo] erziKo ' zeio | soap ec zupreL IsL9 eieng f zur, | LS19. z0-S1x9 eto ze-s1x9 1 #19 Buep aul buED dea - pd os Sy UND 147 BIN “gLT Supe 42Vil. CO TINH CUA VAT LIEU VA ONG SUAT CHO PHEP 7.1. Khoi long riéng ciia vat lieu va khoi long cia chi tiét may Khoi lugng cia chi tit may duge xae dinh: Gaw trong dé: G - khéi lugng eta chi tit may, g (kg, De y- khdi higng riéng cha vat liga, g/em" (kg/din’, ttm’; V - thé tich etia chi Liét, em" (dm’, m‘), Néu thé tieh cia chi tiét dude tinh wg centimet khéi (em) thi khéi lugng tinh bang (g); hi thé tich tinh bang déximet khéi (dm') thi khdi bigng tinh bang kilegam (kg), con khi thé tick tinh bing met khdi (m') thi Ichdi Ivgag tinh bing tin (t) h cdia ede chi et cd hinh dang don gilin duve xae dinh theo cde cdng thie toan hoe sd cap. Déi véi cdc chi tiét co hinh dang phitc tap cd thé tinh toan thé tich bing cach phan chi tiét thanh cde phén ed hink dang dun gin rdi cong th don gidn lai, tich clin ede phan Khoi lugng ota cac banh ring duge tinh todin thea dudng kinh vong chin. Khi tinh (oan khoi Jugng cba ee 16 xo hinh tru cin xAc dinh chiéu dai khai trién cia day lb xo va tinh toan ihéi higng 16 xo trén eo sd chiéu dai khai trién nay. Khoi ludng riéng cla mat si loai vat liéu ché tao may duge gist thigu trong: bang Bang 1.17. Khoi ludng riéng cha mot sé loai vat liu ~ Tr vattéu Fh ong wie Kh wong ng Hp kim nom: - Nicrém a4 cin ats Thiée gue 2,85 - 2.95 can 73-79 Chat déo amin 145-1,56 due 72 i Tectolit amian 18-407 Pardnit (cao su arian) 15-20 BEng breng Tam chat déo clovinyl 1,281.27 shor aw B91 6p 14-15 thige 37-88 cacsu 13-18 Viniplat tim 1.95- 1.40 chi 3-14 Phat ky thuat 0,22 - 0.38 Thee Sol 1,95 1.45 can 7.86 Hatinac (nha cach dign) 19-14 aise 78 GS ep 118 hong gi 76-18 Cactong: Kem 49m lot 08-985 dic 6.6 -7,05 cach dign 035-148 von 7128 Sng Laténg (thauy: Gang can 85 xém 70-74 gus 83-86 80 va a bén ca 72-74 Hop km mage 175-18 Ebonit x7 tnaat cien 1.25 sng 3.94 4B7.2. Hé 86 ma sat (bang 1.18 va 1.19) Bang 1.18. Hé sf ma sat nghi va ma sat trugt r 7 - H@ sma sai nghi Ha s6 ma sat tact 1 | Vatligueda cap ma sat | — . KhOng b6i tran 6 boi ten Khéng baitran | Co bei tan Thep - Thep 078 O1-0,12 ~~ on8 + 008-01 | Thep - Thep mém - - a2 61-02 Thep - Gang os - 0.18 9,05 - 0,15, ‘Thap - ng brang 0.12 0.08 «0,12 0.10 2,07 - 0,10 Thap - Tectotit : - - 0,02 - 0.06 Gang - Béng brong - - 0,15 -0,2 0,07 -0.18 Béng bréng - Déng brang - 04 oz 0.07 0.4 Ce0 su- Gang - - og 05 Kim logi- G8 06-06 01-02 03-06 01-02 Da- Kim foal 08-05 0.18 os 0.18 Bang 1.19. Hé 56 ma sat khi boi tren kém Adi voi truc thép trong 6 truc vat iu é true “He sé ma sat Vai figu 6 true 1 He sé ma sat [Geng xam 6150.20 Poiamit, capron 0.18 - 0,20 | eng ehiu man 012-048 Niling 0.10 - 0,26 Dang bréag (thanh) 010 -0,15 Chat déo 96 ép 0,15 - 0,25 ‘Trang babit 0.07 - 0,12 Teflon, khéng boi tran 0,04 - 0,06 Teetolit O15 +025 Cao su, bai tran nude 0.02 - 0,06 Hé sd ma sat lin déi vdi vat ligu cap ma sit; Thép mém - Thép mém 0,008, ‘Thép toi - Thép tai = 0,001 Gé-'Thép f= 0,04 7.3. Xae dinh dé cimg cia kim loai va hop kim Dei vdi phan In cae logi thép (thép eacbon, thép niken, thép c6m, v.v...) c6 thé xae dink gén ding gidi han bén oy = 0,35 HB. Do cing Brinen thudng duge xac dich theo dudng kinh vét lim ca mét bi thép ed dudng kinh 10 mm ép vio bé mat thép duge do vai ue ép 8000 kG duge duy tri trong thoi gan 10 gidy. Day 1h phugng phap do tiéu chudn, Co thé dang phuong phap khac véi duiing kinb vign bi, hic ép vi thai gian duy tri lue ép kde véi qui dinh trong tiéu chudin, Khi do trong ky higu dé cttng phai ghi rd cae thong ef tren. Vi du, HBS (250)30-200, nghia 1a, s6 dO cing theo Brinen 200 khi thit vdi vien bi duting kinh 5 mm, véi Ine ép 250 kG duge duy tri trong thi gian 30 gidy. So sinh gan ding gida cac d6 cling titu chudn theo Brinen, Rocoen va Vicke dude gidi thigu trong hang 1.20 44Bang 1.20. So sinh gan ding cic do citing vita kim loai va hap kim Brinen] Rockoen | Vieke | Brinen | Rockoon | Vieke | Brinen |Rockoen] Vicke ]Brinen] Rackoan | Vicke cHe | ero | ny | He | HRo | Hv | HB | HRC | Hv | HB | HRC | HY 143 144 | 202 - [gor aoe [23s | acs) aes [at 551 rae | a7 | zor | 18 | 20g | a1 | sa | siz | st2y 92 | ser a || ta | 212 | 19 fata | aat | so | azo | ssz | sa | 0s 13 | 12 ] 217 ) 20 | 217 | az | a9 | 339 | 509 | 56 | ona on tsa | 223 | 21 | eat | 340 | a7 | ae | 57a | sa | 54 isa | 1a | 220 | 22 | 226 | 351 | 38 | ser [600 | so | ra ve | | sez | 235 | 23 | 23s | ser | 30 | 380 | e2r ) 61 | 803 v6 |e 165 ] 241 | 24 | 240 | 375 | ao | 300 | es2 | 63 | 87 170} a Oe 65 | 940 raf 74 | 255 | 26 | 255 | soz | 42 | 43a fe - 67 | 1021 79) - ter | az | a7 | 261 | 4a | ea | gas | 69 | rte te | 183 | 269 | za | a2 | 430 | 45 | aco | - 72 | 1220 ser | - see | 277 | 29 | ae | asa | a7 | ava f- : - 192 190 | 288 | 30 | 285} a0 | 48 | soz |] - - - oe | = | tor | 203 | st | aor | av | 40 - : : 7.4, Ung suat cho phép Trong ché tao may, dé x4c dinh tng suat cho phép cia chi tiét may, ed thé sit dung cdc phuong phap cd ban sau: 1. Phueng phap vi phan - bg a0 an toan duve xde dinh la tich s6 eta mét Joat cac hé 86 riéng c6 tinh dén dO tin edy cia vat ligu, mie 4 quan trong cia chi tit may, dd chinh xAc cia eAe edng thie tinh toan va lye tac dyng, cae yéu té khaée xtc dink diéu kién lam viée cia cae chi tiét may. 2, Phuong phap theo bang - cdc ding sudt cho phép chon theo céc tigu chun duse hé théng héa trong cde bing 1.21 + 1.27. Phucng phap nay kém chinh xéc hon nhung 1 phucng phap dun giin va thuan tién nhat cho si dung trong thue té, trong tinh todn thiét k@ vA kiém tra dd bén. Bang 1.21. Ung suat cho phép adi véi thép cacbon két cdu chat Ivgng thuong @ trang thai can néng Ung sual cho phép ®, kGfom? Mac wae wikeo | RhiuSn kh xodn karo ——«:skhiép nen (1765-75) fo) fod. Gl tel td ‘ersa_| 7180] 800 | 600 | 1400 i000 | soo | aso | 680 | 500 | 700 | S00 | 400 | 1750 | 1200 crze | 1250] 900 | 700 | 1500 | 1190 | aso 7 950 | esc | son | 750 | 500 | ave | 1900 | 1350 et42 | 1400 960 | 760 | 1700 1200 | 950 | 10501 750 | 600 | sso | 650 | s00 | 2100 | 1480 eTs1 | 1660] 1150) 900 | 2000 | 1490 | 1100] 1280 | 900 | 700 | 1000 869 } 850 | 2500 | 1750 eT61 {1980 | 1400 | 1109 | 2300 | 1700 | 1250 | 1480 | 1050 | soo |1150| sso | 690 | 2900 | 2190 1) Chit $8 La ma ky higu cae dang 18 trong: | tinh; Il- thay di, tac dung thr 0 dén fan nit va tis Kan nat dn O {mach dong} Il - thay doi dau (46! ximg) Ung suit cho phep duge gidi thigu trong cde bang 1.24 + 1.26 dang cho ede chi tiét khong dién hinh. Cac ehi tiét dién hinh nhu banh rang, tryc vit, banh vit, banh dai v.v... duge tinh toan theo phusng phip riéng duge gidi thigu trong cac chutsng tuong ung cha sd tay aay. 45Che ting susit cho phép d& gidi thigu duge ding cho timh toan gan ding vdi cac tai trong chinh. Hd véi cae tinh toan chinh xac hun e6 ké dén cdc tdi trong phu (vi du, tid trong dong), vie gid tri trong hing duce tang lén 20 + 30%. Cae ting sudt cho phép da gidi thigu khéng tinh dén su tap trang ting sudt va kick thitée etia chi tiét ma duge xe dinh doi vdi cae mAu thép mai nhan ed duiag kimh 6 + 12 mm va d6i véi cde vat due bang gang tron khéng gia cong o6 duting kink 80 mm. Kbi xéc inh ung sudt lén nhat trong chi tiét eda nhan fing suat dunh nghia G,,. ty véi hé 36 tap trung ting suit k, hoae ky Soar = Ke Sain Tae = Ketan Déi vii thép déo (chong nhiét luygn) o6 tai trong tae dung loai I, khéng cdn tinh én hg a6 tip trung whg sudt, Ddi voi thép déng nbat (6, > 130 kG/mm” ving nhu khi lam wiéc 6 nhigt 6 thép) cin tinh dén hé sé tap trang ding sudt (k > 1} cho dang Lai trong I. Déi véi thép déo khi chiu tae dung cit tii trong thay déi EH va khi cé ting suat tap trung cin tinh én hé sdk nay. He 86 tip trung ing s dang tAi trong (I= 1) © chi tidt gang duge lay bang 1 cho tat eA cae Khi tinh todn d bén cho cfe kich thude cia chi tiét, cdc ting sudt cho phép trong bang cho cde chi tiét duc edn dude nhain lén voi hé sé ty 1 bang Ld = 5. Quan hé thye nghiém gan ding olia cic gidi han méi che cae truding hgp chiu tai theo cha ky déi xing Déi vdi thép cacbon: khi udn = (0,40 - 0,46)oy Khikéo ho§e nén oy, = (0,65 - 0,75)0.,; khi xodn ty = (0.55 - 0,85}; Déi vdi thép hyp kim: khi udn ©, = O45 - 0,55)on khikéo hose nén 9, = (0,7- 0,9); khi xodn 1, = 0,5 - 0,85)0,,; Daj vai thép die: khi uéin 6. = (0,35 - 0.45909: khikéo bode nén 9.15 = (0,65 - 9,75)o.5 khi xotin, 1. = (0,55 - 0,85)0 45 Ung sudt cho phép déi vdi gang chiu mon: Gidi han bén uén 30 - 35 kG/mm* img suit udn cho phép 950 kG/mm® déi vdi dang tii trong 1, 700 kG/em* - TT vi 450 kGfem? - HL 7.5. 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THIET KE CO SU TRO GIUP CUA MAY TINH (CAD) 1.M6 DAU LL, Gidi thigu vé AutoCAD AutoCAD IA phiin mém eta hang AutoDesk ding dé thye hién cdc ban vé ky thuat trong efile nginh: Xay dyag, Cu khi, Kién true, Dién, Ban dé,.. Ban vé nao co thé thye hién duue bang compa, but chi vA thude ké ... thi e6 thé thye hién duge trén AutoCAD. Véi AutoCAD c@ thé vé thiét ké ede ban vé hai chiéu (2D), mé hinh hod hinb hee (Thiét ké 3 chidu - 3D) vai tao anh thut vat thé (t6 bang - Render). Cau hin edin thiét cho may tinh dé chay AutoCAD R14 Pentium 133 tré ién 16 MB RAM trit len Hé diéu hanh Windows 9X, Windows 2000, Windows NT 4.0 130 MB free hard-disk space and 64 MB swap space Pointing device (Mouse hoae digitizer vdi Wintab driver) ‘Man hinh, ¥ Plotter... ac phan ctmg khae kém theo nhu: Madem, CDROM, Printer, 1,2. Khai dong AutoCAD R14 8 khdi dong, chon biéu tudng (hinh bén) va nhap dep mut trai eva chudt. Néu khong e6 biéu tugng nay vAo Program vA chon AutoCAD Ri4, Hép thoai Start Up sé xuait hién (hinh 5) cho phép thuc hi thao tae vii cae chite nang sau: cae Use Wizard: Ban vé sé theo mat mic dinh cho truéc trong AutoCAD. Use Template: Dinh nghia mot khé ban vé theo tiéu chuan d& ¢6 sin trong AutoCAD Start from Scratch: Mé mét ban vé mdi. G day cd hai bia chon, néu Iya chon theo English thi kich thude bin vé sé dye dinh nghia theo hé Insc, néu chon Metrie thi kich thude ban vé sé duge dink nghia theo hé Mét Sau khi chon nhéy nuit trai chugt vae OK de chap chan lénh, mudin huy bé lénh vita ehon thi nhéy chuét vaio Cancel. 591.3. Cau tric man hinh cia AutoCAD Gas Start from Scratch [om] OK Select Default Setting: Preview: Ea __taneal_| Usea Template 4 Start from Scratch ¢- Destription S™ Opena | | Uses the default metic setings Drawing *D) Instructions} | | . ¥ Show this dialog at start up Hinb 1.5. Trang Open ciia Hop thoai Startup Man hinh AutoCAD xutit hién sau khi khéi dong nhu hinh 6. Vang dé hoa (Graphics Area): Vang dé hoa JA ving ding dé thé hién ban ve. Mau man hinh 4d hoa duge xac dinh béi hdp thoai Tool (énh Preferences, Display) Cursor: Con chay Pickbox. a mot 6 chit hinh vudng, 6 1én con chay duge quy dinh béi bién Toa dé: Trong AutoCAD R14, toa 49 nim bén trai cia dong trang thai va hién thi toa dé Dé cao, Cyc tuang déi hode toa do Tuyét déi tam cita con chay trén ving dé hoa (giao diém eta hai soi téc). Command: Cita sé 1énh bao gém cae dong lénh, day 14 néi nhap lénh va hién thi cac dong nhac lénh cia AutoCAD. Ta truc tiép déi thoai véi may tai ving Menu Bar: Danh mye chinh, nim phia trén ving dé hoa, AutoCAD14 cé 11 danh mue, méi danh mye chita mét nhom lénh cua AutoCAD. Pull-down menu: Danh muc lénh, khi chon mét muc trén danh muc chinh sé xudt phai danh muc con dé cé dau > thi sé xudlt hién mt danh séch Iva chon lénh hoac danh sach cdc lénh con lién quan. hign mot loat cae danh mye con, néu b 60Drawing toolbar 8 | Graphics area Modify toolbar Menu bar i : 4 a Sikes L z| Command line ETE “ul Hinh 1.6. Man hinh dé hoa 14, Cac phim tat chon lénh Fl F2 F3 hoge Ctrl4F F5 hote Ctrl+E F6 hode Ctrl+D F7 hoe Ctrl+G F8 hodge Ctri+L F9 hoae Ctrl+B F10 hotic Ctrl+U Mit trai ciia chudt Mit phdi chugt Enter, Spacebar Ese : Thuc hién lénh Help : Dang dé chuyén tit man hinh dé hoa sang man hinh van ban va nguge lai : Tat/mé ché a9 truy bat diém thudng trd (Running Osnap) : Khi SD dé chuy AP va GRID chon la Isometric thi phim nay ding en tit mat chiéu trac do nay sang mat truc do khac. Mé tit COORDS, dang dé hién thi dong toa dé cua con chay trén ving dé hoa : Ding dé mo hay tat Iudi diém Mé ORTHO, khi phuong thite nay duge mé thi dutdng thang luén ludn 1a dudng ding hoae dudng nam ngang : Dang dé mé hoac tat phuong thite SNAP : Titémé Polar Tracking + Chi dinh (PICK) mot diém trén man hinh, chon déi tuong hoac dng dé chon lénh tit Screen Menu hay Menu Bar Xudt hién Shortcut menu Default : Két thie lénh, két thie vige nhap dif liu hodc Jam xudt hién shortcut menu Default : Huy bé mét lénh hay xt ly dang tién hanh 61Nl. CAC PHUONG PHAP NHAP TOA BO VA TRUY BAT DIEM 2.1, Hé toa dé Dé cdc Be dinh vi diém, dudng, mit phing va cée doi tung hiah hoo khae thi vi tri ita ching phat ditde tham chiu dén mat vi tel da bit. Diém nay goi la diém tham chiéu hode diém gov do tox do. He ton db Dé eae, duge sit dung dé xéc dinh yi tri cilia cde hink hink hoe trong mat phing hoac khong gian ba chiéu. Hé ton ¢6 hai chiéu (2D) duge thiét lap béi mot diém g6c toa dé LA giao diém giita true vudng gée: truc hoanh X ndim ngang va truc tung Y thang ding. Diém gai ditsc ssan cho ton 6 0.0. Mot diém trong hg toa d@ hai chiéu (2D) xae dink bit hai gid tr: holinh do X va tung dé ¥. Daw + (duting) hoae - Gm) tay thude vao vj tri diém so véi cae ure va géc tos d@ Chinn 1.7a}. Trong bin v8 ha chiéu (3D) phai nhap thém cao d6 (2) Véi mét toa dé X.Y,% chi xae dinh duce mot diém. Gée lgnh vé nhée ching ta phai nhap toa @6 cae diém vao ban vé. Vi du khi thue bign lgnh Line hien ede dong shade “From point” va “To point” yeu eda nhan toa dé a udi ein doan thing vo hia vé. Sau khi nhip toa dé hai diém vao thi AutoCAD se vé doan thing ndi hai diém nay. Hina chit mhat trén hink 1.7b 1a cae doan thing nd efie diém cs toa €9 (30,50), (80.50), (80,-509, (30,-30) Chiéu eta cac true X.Y. Z trong AutoCAD tuin thea auy t4e bin tay phai (nedn cai la truc X, ngér tré la trye Y vA ngon gitta IA true Z), Chide quay ducng theo nguide chiéu kim déng hé (Counter Clock-wise) ahin tiv dinh true vé phia g&e toa da. ¥ . csp caso “ tw . 0 + a8 doy a0 “ * a0 20 20 0 a a) 7 0 ge » to [ee soa | wa eo x apa ba hawt “0 “0 “2 va my a | a + ow ’ cn ous ca oe “ 2 Hinh 1.7. H8 toa d6 Dé cdc va hinh chit hat tao tir iénh Line a) Vj tri cac diém trong hé toa d6;_b) Vé hinh chit nhat. 622.2. Hé toa dé cue Toa dé cuc dude sui dung dé dinh vi mot diém trong mat phing XY, ‘Toa 46 cuc chi dinh khoiing cach va gée So véi gée toa dé (0,0). Digm PI trén hink 1.8 c6 toa a6 cuc la 120560. Duting chudn do gée theo chiéu duung trye X eda hé toa dé Dé cae. Gée duiong li gc nguye chigu kim déng hd 2.3, Hé toa do gc va hé toa do ngudi su dung 207-907 Trong bin vé AutoCAD tén cai hai hé toa do: WCS (World Coordinate Hah 1.8. He toa d® cue “ System) vi UCS (user hoae Local Coordinate System), WOS 1a bé toa dé mac dinh trong ban vé AULOCAD cé thé goi la he toa do g6c, thong thuiing ta chon diém gée tri phia dudi ban vé trang véi géc toa do (0,0,0) eda WCS. Biéu tucng {Teon) cia WCS nim 6 gée trai phia dudi ban va va c6 chit W suit hign trong biéu tudng ndiy (hinh 9), UCS 1a hé toa dé tao bing lénh UCS va 06 thé tan va ghi (save) nhiéu UCS trong mét bin vé, Phuong chiéu cita hiti (GRID), bude nhay con chay (SNAP) thay déi theo cae true X, Y trong mit phdng XY ciia hé toa do hign hanh. GiA tri toa dg X, Y xuat hign trén dong trang thai 1A toa €8 cia con chay (giao diém hai soi toe) trong mat phiing X, Y so vdi gée toa dd cia UCS hién hanh, Cang mot luc ta chi co mét trong hai hé toa dé WCS hoge UCS 1a hién hAnh. 2.4, Dai vA quay géc toa dé (enh UC icon, UCS) Dang lénh LD Y Command: UCSicon + Hinh 1.9. Sis dung UCS icon diéu khién sy hién thi jeu tudng toa dd, 63Command: Ucsicon J ON/OFF/ALL/Noorigin/ORigin] : (chon Iya chor) Cae lua chon ON/OFF Mo/at bidu tugng toa 46 trén man hinh AL Thé hién biéu tuong toa dd trén moi khung nhin (viewport) Noorigin Biéu tugng toa dé chi xudt hign tai gée trai min hinh, Origin. Bicu tutong lun ludn di chuyén theo géc toa d6 (iém 6, 0, 0 eta UCS) Lénh UCS . Pull - Down Menu | Type in Toolbar Tools UCS wes ues Lénh UCS cho phép ta ddi va quay hé toa do, 06 nghia la tac hé tga 4} mai Command: UCS .1 Origin/ZAxis/8Point/OBject/View/X/¥/Z/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/?/: Prev: ‘Trd vé UCS truse dé World: Tred v8 ge toa dé Khi thye hién cae lénh vé c6 thé aii gée toa dé dén mot vi tri trén man binh va thye hign cac lénh vé bing cdich ahap vao toa dé tuyét déi so vdi gée ton dé mdi. St dung lénh UCS dé ddi gée toa dé khi vé ky hiéu mat cAt. Quay cdc true tea do X, ¥ chung quanh truc Z dé thu hién lénb array theo cic dudng nghiéng. 2,5, Cac phuung phap nhap toa dé diém Phuung phap su dung thong dung nbat dé chap ton do mot diém vao ban vé bai chigu la nhép toa 49 tuong déi, trong mot 86 trudng hop c6 thé sit dung toa dd eve tuong adi, nhap khoang cach truc tiép (direct distance entry) va pelar tracking. + Dang phim chon (PICK) cia chudt (két hgp voi cde phusng thite dit diém cba déi tng) * Toa dé tuyét doi: Nhap toa dQ tuyét d6i X, ¥ cia diém theo gde toa dé (0,0). chiéu true guy dinh shu hinh 7a, * Toa dé cc: Nhap toa dé cue cha diém (D:100,100 .1 (C6 thé chon toa dé nay bang phuong phap bat diém} Diameter /): 50 (G day néu mudn cho vao duting kinh ctia duéng tron thi chen D, che vac dung kinh cia difting tein, sau dé chon phim (100, 100) Hinh 1.12a. Vé duéng tron qua tam va ban kinh cho trude. 69Vé duéng tron di qua ba diém (8P) edn Jam nh sau 6 dong nhac 3P/2P/TTR/:3P 1 (danh vao 3P) First point: 50,80 (chon vao toa a6 diém thi nhat) Second point: 150,50 1 (Chon vao toa dd diém tht 2) Third point: 100,100 -1 (Chon yao ton dé diém tht: 8) O day, ed thé dig mit trai chudt dé chon toa do eae diém hi Uép tit ban phim, sau khi chon nhu trén sé duge ding tron nhu hinh 1.126. vao ede toa dtd tre (100,100) (80,50) (160,50) Hinh 1.12b. Vé dudng tran qua ba diém Ve dyéng tron qua hai diém (2P) ta lam nhu saw: O dong nhic 3P/2P/TTR/ : 2P 1 (danh vio 2P) First point: 50,50 J {chon vao toa dé diém thé nhat) Second point: 150,50 J (Chon vio toa dé diém thit 2) Dudng tron sé duge vé qua hal diém hia chon va dudng néi gidia hai diém dé ehinh Ja duing kinh cia duding tron, Dudug tron tiép xtie voi hai déi tuong va 66 ban kinh R (TTR) Stt dung phuong phap nay cé thé vé dudng trén nép xtc véi hai déi tugny cho truée véi ban kinh R @4 chon (hinh }.120) Tangent? Hinh 1.12c. Vé duong tron co ban kinh R=20, tiép xe véi hai doan thang cho trués. 70O dang nhac 3P/2P/TTRf: TTR inter Tangent Spee: NhAy ouit trai chudt vie dogn thing thit nhét Enter Second Tangent Spec: Nhay nit trai chuét vao dean thing Uhit hai Radius: 20 4 Cac lrutng hop tiép xtic khae eting dude [am tuong tit 3.3. Vé cung tron (Lénh Arc) Lénh Are ding dé vé cung tron. C6 thé goi cae phutung phvip vé cung tron tir Draw menu, Draw tool hoae vite lénk nhu sau: Command: Arc = Center/: Nhap diém P2 End point: Nhap diém P3 Hinh 1,13. V8 cung tron qua ba diém Dé vé mot eung tron bang lénh Arc 6 phudng thtte sau: Vé cung tron qua ba diém dude trinh bay nhu vi du 3 hinh 1.13. + Start, Center, End (Diém dau, Tam, Diém cudi). * Start, Center, Angle Diém ddu, Tam, yse 6 tim). * Start, Genter, Length of Chord (Diém dau, tim, chiéu dai day cung). © Start, End, Radius (Diém déu, Diém cuéi, Ban kinh). + Start, End, Included Angle (Diém déu, diém cudi, gée d tam). « Start, End, Direction (Diém dau, diém cudi, hudng tiép tuyén coa cung tai diém bat dau}. © Centr, Start, End (Tam, diém dau, diém eudi) * Center, Start, Angle (Tam, diém dau va gée 6 tam). © Center, Start, Length (Tam, diém dau va chiéu dai day cung). © Cung tron néi tiép véi doan thang hay cung trén cho true. 7Vi du sau day sé vé cung tron tix diém P1 dén P3 ding phuong thite: Start, Center, Angle (hinh 1.14). —_—_, OX Hinh 1.14. Vé cung trén qua diém P41, P3, ban kinh R=30 Command: Are «1 Center /: Nhap diém P1 3 Center /End/: C J Angle/ chord Length /< End point>: A Angle: -90.1 3.4. Vé diém (lénh Point) Si dung Point dé ve mét diém trén ban vé } Command: Point . Point: Nhap toa d6 cin vé diém (c6 thé ding chuét hode nhap truc tiép) Dé thay déi hinh dang va kich thuée cia diém muén vé cin ding PDMODE va PDSIZE sau a6 Pontgize 5) ® © Set Size Relative to Sereen cho vao gia trj cdn thay dé} Khi dung lénh Ddptype sé isaoeeln Rosters lines xudt hién hop thoai Point Stype nhu hinh 1.15 Trén hop thoai nay ta 6 | Barcel | Help. | dinh kiéu va kich thuée diém Hinh 1.15. Hop thoai Point Style 723.5. Vé da tuyén (lénh Pline) Lénh Ptine thue bién nhiéu chite nang hen lénh Line, lénh Pline ¢ ba dae diém néi bat * Tao cae déi tugng ¢6 chiéu rong * Cac phan dean Pline lién két thinh mét déi tugng duy nhat * Cé thé tao nén ede phan doan la ede doan thing hoac cae cung tron Command: Pline From point: Vao diém bat dau cia da tuyéin Are/ Close | Haifwidth /Length {Undo / Width : CAe lita chon 2 Are: néu chon chite aang nay, lénh sé chuyén sang ve eung tron ma diém bat dau 1, cts cung tron la diém eudi eda doan trude va né eding ¢6 ede lua chon dui day ngoai che lua chon ve Are, Close: Cho phép dong da tuyén Halfwidth: Dinh nua chiéu rong doan sép ve Width: Dinh chiéu réng doan sdp vé Length: Vé lidp mot doan c6 phutong chiéu nh doan thang vé trude dé Undo: Huy bé phan doan vita ve Vi dy ding lenh Pline dé vé da tuyén ¢hinh 1.16). x Hinh 1.16, Dung /énh Pline Command: Pline 4 From Point: Vao toa a6 diém P1 Current line width is 0.000 Arc{ Close /Halfwidth / Length | Undo/ Width «Endpoint of line> 2 @100,0 4 3Are/ Close /Halfvidth | Length i Undo! Width rAd Angle Center | Close | Direction j Halfwidth / Line | Redius {Second PilUndu (Width | 00,100 4 Angle { Center | Close | Direction { Halfwidth {Line / Radius {Second Pi/Undo {Width | @-50,0 4 Are j Close / Halfwidth ‘Length {Undo ( Width As Angle/ Center {Close } Direction | Halfwidth { Line | Radius} Second Pt/ Undo i Width | CE 3 Center Point (50,0 4 Angle i Center | Close { Direction | Halfwidth / Line / Radius / Second Pt/Undo} Width} La Are {Close /Halfwidth | Length | Undo] Width 1a 3.6. Vé da giste déu (enh Polygon) Lénh Polygon ding éé doan bing eank caa da gia da giae déu. Da gide nay 1a da tuyén (pline) 6 sf phan Command: Polygon 1 Number of Sides <4> + 6.1 - Nhap vao sf canb da giae Edge /: Nhap toa dé tim eta da gidc Inscribed in Circle !Circumscribed about circle (IJ Cisl> C.J Radius of Circle: Nhap bin kinh dudng trdn néi tiép hode ngoai tgp va toa dé diém hoac tray ixit diém 1a diém gitia mot eanh da gide (hin 1.17) a) Hinh 1.17. a) Inscribed (NGi tiép); b) Circumscribed (Ngoai 74Tay chen Edge dang dé nhap yao mot canh cua da giae déu, néu chon tay chon niy, AutoCAD sé yéu cau ban nhap vao tga dé diém dau va diém cudi cha mot canh trong da gide déu. 37. Vé hinh chi nhat (Lénh Rectangle) Lénh nay ding dé vé hinh chit nhat (hinh 1.18) Command: Rectangle «1 Chamfer/Blovation/Fillet/Thickness/Width/: tay chon etia lénh nhu sau: Chamfer thi hinh chit ahat khi vé ra s8 c6 4 dinh duge vt mép. Fillet: Cho phép bo trén eae dinh aia hinh chi nhat Width: Dinh chidu rong nat ve Elevation (Thickness: Dink 6 cao va dé day cla hinh che nhat, P2 PI Hinh 1.18, Si dung lénh Rectangle Command: Rectangle -1 Chamfer / Elevatioon | Fillet { Thickness / Width /: ¢ -1 First chamfer distance for rectangles : 2-1 Second chamfer distance for rectangles<0> : 2 1 Chamifer | Elevation {Fillet (Thickness | Width | : Vo toa a9 PI Other corner: Wao ton a6 P24 3.8. Vé dung elip (Lénh Ellipse, hinh 1.19) Lénh Ellipse dang aé vé duidng clip, Thy thude vao bign, PELLIPSR mA duing olip cé thé la PELLIPSR = 1: Diving elip JA mét da tuyén, da tuyén nay 1a tran. Cé thé sit dung lénh Pedit dé higu chinh. ap hop cde cung PELLIPSE = 0: Duting clip 14 dudng Spline, day 1a mot duimg cong NURBS va khong thé Explode duae. Dang lgnh nav sau: Command: BMipse 1 75Are/Center/: Giai thieh ede tay chon nhu sau: Axié endpoint I: Pl 1 (Nhap toa dé hay chon diém eudi 1 truc tht nhat, vi du hinh 1.19) Axis endpoint 2: P2 1 (Nh§p toa dé hay chon diém oudi thi 2 etia trac thit abst) {Rotation: P3 1 Cho diém 3 dinh kholing céch niin true 2 hode nhap khsing cdich nita true. Pi Hinh 1.19. Vé hinh elip. Cae tay chon khae nhu sau: Rotation : Gée quay xung quanh dudag tron tree 1-2. Arc, Chon chitc nang nay cho phép vé dudng elip nguue chigu kim déng hé tugng tu lénh Are 3.8. Vé dudng cong Spline (Lénh Spline, hinh 1.20) Ténh nay cho phép vé dudng cong NURBS (Non Uniform Rational Bezier Spline) né 6 thé tao cae duong cong dac biét theo ySu cau cita npudi thiét ké. Dang léah, Command: Spline .1 Object / : P2 Cac tay chon nhu saw Object : Dé chuyén dudng Pline spline (ating cong tao bai iénh P va lam tren bing lénh Pedit) Hinh 1.20. Dang [nh Sptine thanh dudng cong spline e Fit tolerance: Tao dudng cong Spline mia hon 76Iv. CAC LENH TRO GIOP VA SUA BGI, HIEU CHINH BAN VE 4.1. Tra etru hudng din sit dung AutoCAD cé kha ning tr¢ giip true tuyén déi véi cdc Iénh ma ngudi dang quén mat cach thao tae. Tudn ty dé vao tra ettu cic huéng din sit dung nhu sau: Chon thuc don Help danh myc Help sé xuat hign nhy hinh 1.21 Help AutoCAD Help Topics ‘Quick Tour What's New Leaiming Assistance Connect to Internet About AutoCAD. Hinh 1.21. Danh myc Help Dé tra ctu mot lénh nao d6, chon vao AutoCAD Help topics, hép thogi sau sé xuit hign (hinh 1.22): (eit [2] Contents inden | Find | Click a book. and then cick Open, Or click another tab, such as Index S Tuoi! @ How To © Command Reference @D User's Guide @ instalation Guide © Customization Guide © Activex Automation @ Auto0AD Bonus Tool Hinh 1.22. H6p thoai tra cru 7Dé tra citu mot lénh nao dé ciia AutoCAD, chi edn chon vao Inde: sau'd6 chon tén lénh ra, AutoCAD sé giai thich cach ding cit a l¢nh dé cing nhu ede bién cia lénh, vi du, chon lénh Spline trong hop Index, hép thoai nhu hinh 1.23a sé xuat hién: ees Help Topics To create a spline by specifying points Al Show Usir's Guide 1 From the Draw menu, choose Spline or tom the Draw teobar, chose 2 Specity the spline's start point (1) 3 Specify points (2:5) to create the spline and press ENTER. 2 4 1 s 4 Specify the stait and end tangents (6. 7) x6 The following illustration shows the result when you use the same points but different start and end tangents, The following spline is drawn using the same points but a higher tolerance and cifferent start and end tangents, x2 4x = _ Hinh 1.23a. Hép thoai trg gidp lénh Spline 78Cac lénh khac cing tra tusng tu. 4.2. Huy bo lenh da thuc hién (Lénh Undo, U) Lénh nay dang dé huy bé cac lénh da thc hién truée dé Dang Command: Undo (hoae U) 4 Auto/Control/BEgin/End/Mark/Back <1>:\ Cac tay chon nhu sau: Auto: Néu 1a On thi cae dé Vi du, cdc doan th tugng duge vé trong mdi lénh xem nhu 1a mot nhom ng vé bang lénh Line sé duge huy ba béi mot lin U. Control: Diéu khién viée thye hign céc lua chon cia Iénh Undo. khi nhap C xuit hién dong nha sau: All/None/One: All One None BEgin End Mark Back 4.3. Phuc héi d6i tuong : Thuc hién due tat c& cAc Iva chon cia enh Undo Chi huy bé dug én trude dé mot lénh vita thyc h Khong thé thuc hién viée huy bé cac lénh cita AutoCAD Dang Iya chon nay danh du lénh cudi cia nhom Iva chon End danh dau lénh cudi cia nhém lénh Lata chon nay nhom lénh va h, sau dé ding ‘t hgp vdi Iva chon BEgin dé danh dau lénh cudi cia ‘au dd c6 thé xoa bdi mét bude the hién : Danh dau lénh AutoCAD vita thye hién ma sau nay c6 thé tré vé lua chon Back Huy bo cae lénh da thye hién dén lin danh gin nhat, néu khong danh déu béi Iva chon Mark thi ACAD sé xoa tat ca cdc lénh thue hién trude do. Undo (Lénh Redo) Dang lénh: Command: Redo 4.4, Cac lénh hiéu chinh ban vé Dé chon lua céc lénh nay e6 thé vao Pull - down Menu (Modify) hay chon tir biéu tugng trong thanh céng cu Modify hoi e danh true tiép lénh tit dong nhac. Hinh 1.23b 1a biéu tugng cia cae lénh trén thanh cong cu Modify. Copy Offset — Move Scale Lengthen Extend Chamfer 1 Mirror Array Rotate —Stretth Explode Hinh 1.23b 7191. Lénh xod d6% twgng (1énh Erase) Dang lénh: Command: ERASE 1 Select objects: Lye chon 26) tugng cin xoa bang each whay nit trai chudt vao déi (yong c4n xod, sau da chon Mnter &é két thie lénh (hinh 1.24). a Hinh 1.24. Sit dung lénh ERASE a) Chon déi tung: b) Sau khi xoa 2, Xén m6t phan déi tuong nm gitta hai déi twgng giao (lénh Trim, Extrim) Ténh Trim dang dé x04 dean cui ciia déi tugng duige gidi han béi mot aéi tugng glao hoac doan gita ctia déi tung duye giéi han bdi hai Dang lénh Command: Trim 3 x Hinh 1.25, Ding lénh Trim Gia sii mudh cit doan thita tai diém PS ta Jam nb sau Command: Trim J Select Cutting edges: {Projmede=1 ICS, Edgemode=Noextend) Select abject: Nhay nuit trai chudt vao diém PI Seiect object: Nhay nuit tri chudt vao diém P2 Select object tJ : R Enter fillet radius <10>:5 4 Command: Fillet 1 (ho&c chon tit Modify hoac tiv Drawing toal} Polyline /Radius/ Trim /: P14 Polyline / Distance (Angle {Trim /Method | / Project /Edge/Undo: Chon P1 . (chen doan thing cin kéo dai). : Cfe ty chon: Select object ; Ding dé hién thi chiéu dai doan thang hofe géc 4m cua cung duge chon. DElta ‘Thay adi chiéu dai déi tugng bang cach nhap vao khodng céch tang. Gid tri Am sé lam gidm kich thudc va dutong 6 lam tang kich thuéc. Percent : Cho phép thay déi chiéu dai déi tugng theo phan tram so véi téng chiéu dai duge chon. Total Thay déi téng chiéu dai cha mét déi tudng hoac gée 6m cung theo gid tri mdi nhap vio. DYnamic —: Thay déi dong chiéu dai cia déi tugng. 4.5. Cac lenh bién déi va sao chép ban vé Lénh di chuyén mét 4éi tugng dén mat vi tri khac trong ban vé Move. Leénh quay cdc déi tugng xung quanh mt diém Rotate. 84Lénh bién déi ti 1é Scale. Déi va kéo cae déi tugng Stretch. Phép 4@i xting qua tryc Mirror. Sao chép cAe doi tugng Copy. Sao chép cac d6i tugng theo day Array 1, Di chuyén ede déi tugng (lénh Move, hinh 1.31) Command: Move Select objects: Lya chon déi tugng cén di chuyén bang cach danh dau titng d6i tugng hode chon cita sé cd chita déi tugng dé, Select object : Lua chon tiép c&c déi tugng khac, néu khéng can chon Enter. Base point or displacement; P1 1 - Chon diém cg ban. Second point or displacement: P2 . - Didm di chuyén dén (cé thé dang nut trai chuét hode vao toa dg tit ban phim). a)Khung Iya chon déi tugng dé Move d) Vi tri moi Hinh 1.31. Si dung lenh Move B52. Phép quay cdc déi tugag xung quanh mét diém (lénh Rotate, hinh 1.32) Dang lénh nhy sau Command: Rotate J Select object: (Chon dai tugng edn quay). Select object: (Chon tiép déi tugng cain quay, née khéng chon ntia niin Enter). Base point: (Chon tam quay) Rotation angle>/ Reference: Chon géc quay hose chon R dé nhap géc tham chiéu. Base point Hinh 1.32. Sir dung lénh Rotate, hinh nét lién la hinh mdi, hinh net dit la hinh eG, gée quay la 45 dé. 3. Phép biéh déi ti 1é (lénh Scale) Lénh nay cho phép phéng to hay thu nhd mot déi tung lua chon theo mot ty 1é mong muéin. tugng. Cée déi ttgng iA doan 4} Dang lénh nhu sau: Command: Scale + Select object : Lua chon déi twgng cdn phéng to, thu nhd. Select object: Lua chon tiép déi tugng, néu khng tua chon tiép cn chon phim Enter Base point Chon diém ed ban / Reference: Cho vao t} 18 efin phong (vi dy 2) 4. Déi va kéo cde déi tugng (lénh Stretch) Lanb nay ding dé d&i vA kéo cde déi tuigng. khi kéo vin duy tri sy dinh ndi ede dai Ang due kéo dai ra hoa co lai, cée doi tugng la cung tron khi kéo sé thay déi ban kinh. 86" Dang lénh nhu sau: Command: Stretch .1 Select object: Dang chudt Iva chon déi tung tiv bén phai sang. Base point or displacement : Vao dim méc dau tién Second point of displacement: Vao diém edn kéo dai dén.5. Lenk Mirrar Lérh nay ding dé tao mdt déi tuang moi doi xung vai mot ddi tudng duge chon théng qua mét trae (hinh 1.83) ‘Tryc déi xing Pi P2 Déi tutung chon Déi tugng méi Hinh 1.33. Dung lénh Mirror Command: Mirror J Select object: Chon déi tugng cén Mirror, First point of Mirror line: Chon diém, thit nhét cia true déi xing. Second point: Chgn diém tht hai cia truc dét xang. 6. Sao chép hinh (lénh Copy) Ding dé sno chép cc déi tugng duye chon theo phuong tinh tién vi sp xép chung theo cae vj tei xe @inh. Thue hign lénh Copy tuang tu nhu lénh Move, 7. Sao chép day (lénh Array) BE sao chép cde déi twang dude chon thanh day theo hang vi edt (Ractangular “ray, seo chép tinh tién - copy) hay sip xép chung quanh tim (Polar array, sao chép - copy va quay - rotate). Cac déi tugug sao chép duge sip xép cach déu nhau. Dang lgnh nhu sau: Command: array wi Rectangular or polar array ((R)/P): Rt Number of rows{---): 8.4 (Vao sé hang cdn array). Number of columns (: 3. (Vio sO edt clin array), Unit cell ar distance between rows (--): 30 4 (Vao khoang cach giifa cée hang) Distance between columns (): (Vio khodng eich gidta cfc cit). Néu lua chon din tien chon P, thi cae yéu edly sau wud bien, Base | /corner/XYZ: 1 .1 (Vao ty khéi theo chiéu X khi chén so véi Y Seale factor (default = X): 4 (Vao t¥ 1é khéi theo chiéu Y). Rotation angle <: 0.1 (Vao gée quay cia khéi so véi khdi thu) ol* Lenh Explode Dang dé pha vé mét khdéi thanh mot déi tugng, trinh tu thyc hién mot lénh nhu sau: Command: explode 4 Select object: hia chon khdi cin pha va 1 Select object: .1 5.2. Tao I6p ban vé ‘Trong cae ban vé AutoCAD cac déi tugng cé6 tinh chat chung thugng nhém thanh lép (layer), vi du: lép eae dung nét chinh, lép cae dudng tam, lép ky hiéu mat cét, lop ghi cac kich thuée, lp ghi cae van ban ....86 lép trong ban vé khong gidi han, tén thong thuéng phan Anh ndi dung cia cae déi tugng nim trén lép a6. Co thé hiéu chinh cac trang thai cha lép: mé (ON), tat (OF), khoa (LOCK), mé khoa (UNLOCK), déng bang (FREEZE) va lam tan bang (THAW) cac lép dé cho cac déi tugng nim trén céc lap 46 xudit hién hay khong xudt hién trén man hinh hose trén gidy vé. 1, Tgo va higu chinh lép bing hé6p thoai Layer va Linetype Properties Trang Layer. Khi thyc hién lénh Layer hofc Ddlmodes sé xudt hién hép thoai Layer va Linetype Properties (hinh 1.38). Hdp thoai cé hai trang Layer va Linetype. Khi thuc h lénh dau tién xudt hién trang Layer. ee ee [2 1x} Layer | Linetype | Show: — all i Curent | 0 Name OTF LF TF [ULC J tinetype New 0 70 TO Continuous Delete OK Cancel Help Hinh 1.38. Hop thoai Layer 92Dé tao mbt 1ép méi, trinh tu tao, hiéw chinh due thuc hi n nhu sau: Ee as Layer | Linetype | Show. — [Al ow Current: | 0 Name OTF. F.[ C1 C.] Lineype New p Ta 2D Continuous [Duengehinh, 2 2 & OF Continuous Delete Duongtam Pod @ OF Continuous falcat, oo PB Continuous Layers ight ek for menu Cancel Detais >> Help Hinh 1.39. Tao layer méi Nhap ntit New h6p thoai sé xuat hién 6 soan théo Layerl tai edt Name (dudi 1 0, hinh 1,39) layer Nhap tén ldp vao 6 soan thao 2. Tat, mé layer (ONIOF). Dé tat mé layer c”in nhip vao biéu tong trang thai ON/OF. Khi mét lép duge tat thi cde doi tugng nam trén lép dé khong xuat hién trén man hinh. 3. Dong va lim tan bang ctia mét layer cho tét cd khung nhin (FREEZE/THAW). Dé déng bing (FRE m tan bang (THAW) ldp trén tat ca cdc khung nhin (viewports) cn nhiip vao biéu tugng trang thal FREEZE/THAW the nl c Adi tugng cia Iép déng bang khong xuat hién trén man hinh va ta khéng thé hiéu chinh cdc doi tugng nay 4, Dong va lam tan bang trén khung nhin hién hanh (Current Vport). Dé dong va lm tan bing trén khung nin hign hanh céin nhép vao biéu twang trang thai PREEZE/THAW tht hai 5. Déng va lam tan bang trén khung hinh sé tao (lénh ports). bé dong va lam tan bang trén khung nhin mdi sé tao edn nh4p vao biéu tugng trang thai FREEZE/THAW thit ba 936. Khoa vé md khod cho lép (LOCK/UNLOCK) Ee 2b Loaded linetypes Linetype ‘Appearance Description facad_isollawi00) — = ISO dash space _ Hcad_isoO4w100 — = 180 long-dash dot }icad_iso06w100 150 long dash triple-dot cad iso0Swi00 — ISO long-dash double-shot« .cad_iso1 0w100 180 dash dot — — -—- 180 double-dash dot__ [Center —- Center Continuous ————— Solid line Hinh 1.40. Chon kiéu duéng chung cho lép Dé khoa va mé khod cho lép ta nhép vao biéu tugng trang thai LOCK/UNLOCK. Doi tugng cia layer bj khod sé khong hiéu chinh duge, tuy nhién ta van théy trén man hinh va cé thé in ching ra duge 7. Thay d6i mau ciia lép. Ta nhap vao 6 mau cia lép, khi d6 sé xudt hién Select Color va theo hdp thoai 6 thé gan mau cho eae ldp duge chon va chon mau mong muén cho ting lép. 8. Gan dang dudng cho lép. Dé gan dang dutng cho lép nhép vao tén dang dung cha lép, khi dé xudt hién hop thoai Select Linetype (hinh 1.40). Déu tién trong ban vé chi cé mot dang duéng duy nhét 1a Continuous, dé nhap cdc dang dung khée vao trong ban vé can sii dung lénh - Linetype hoie mit load cita hép thoai Select Linetype 9. Xo ldp (Delete) Cé6 thé dé dang xoa Idp da tao bing c4ch chon lép va nhén nut Delete. 10. Gén lép hién hanh (Current), Ta chon Idp va nhan nut Current. Lie nay bén canh nut Current sé xudt hién tén lép hign hanh vita chon. Khi d6 cae déi tugng mdi tao bing cae Iénh vé (Line, are, text....) sé c6 cae tinh chit eda 1ép hién hanh, Show Danh sich kéo xuéing Show xc dinh tén cia Iép hién hanh lén Layer tab 94.z Cupent: | ByLayer Appearance Description Load. Delete enter [Continuous — Sul ine . Ok Cancel | __Detaie »> Help Hinh 1.41. Trang Linetype Trang Linetype. Khi chon nut Linetype trén hOp thoai hinh ..... 1:41). xudt hién trang Linetype (hinh Dé nhap cic dang dudng vao trong ban vé ta chon nut Load... Khi dé xuadt hién hop thoai Load or linetype. Trén hop thoai nay cin chon cac dang dudng cin nhap va nhan phim OK. Cae nat chon hép thoai nay Global scale factor: Gan ty 18 dang dung cho tat ca ede di tugng ban ve Curren objects scale Gan t¥ 1é dang dudng cho déi tung dang ve. VI. GHI VAN BAN VA GHI KiCH THUOC TRONG AUTOCAD 6.1. Ghi van ban trong AutoCAD. Ghi vin ban trong ban ve AutoCAD can sit dung cac lénh Dtext, Text va Mtext. Cae lenh nay nam trong tiéu dé Draw cia thanh danh myc(hinh ...) hoac thanh cong eu Draw (hinh ...)Ble Edt View Incent Format fy Symbols ELEC Symbols Jools Draw Dimegson Mody Help let (6 S132) x/elel) [| sw) ale Ys fies@lalalal| rer lance a] econ fa) al sate tire Brow Fae Feauce i i pnenemaaers Bont foo ie fe eee taser fori Co sen ieee at te al Ishicl ‘ jalalolzlobsjojolulebsts | =~ 1 I Fomsnd Hinh 1.42, Pull down menu Draw va Toolbar Draw Lénh Dtext va Text ding dé tao cée dang chil (text) trén bin ve. Con Ignh Mtext cho phép tao mét doan van ban nim trong khung hinh chit nht dinh truée. Hinh dang cia chit duge xac dinh trong AutoCAD béi kiéu chit (Text Style). Méi kiéu chit c6 thé sit dung font chit AutoCAD (SHX font), True Type Font (TTF) hoae PostSeript. Cac kiéu chi khae 6 thé dinh bang Iénh Style, mot kiéu chit mdi vita tao béi lénh Style sé tré thanh hién hanh. Trong ban vé c6 thé tao nhiéu kiéu chi nhutng chi co mot kiéu chit hign hanh. Dong chii trong ban vé AutoCAD 1a mot déi tugng giéng nhu line, circle, arc, Do dé, ¢6 thé higu chinh bing cc lénh Ddedit, Change, Ddmodify. 1. Tao kiéu chit * Lénh - STYLE Command: -Style 4 Text style name (or ?) : (Tén cita kiéu chi, ti da 31 ky tu) New style. Specify full font name or font file name : Romans (Ten font nhut VnTime, Vnarial..) Height <0.0000> : (Nhap gia tri hoae &n Enter) Width factor <1.0000> : (NhAp gia tri hoac én Enter). 96Obliquing angle <0> : (Nhap gid tri hoae &n Enter). Backwards? ; (An Enter hoac dap Y) Upside-down : (An Enter hoae dép Y). (Name) ts now the current iext style. (Kiéu che ten (Name) fa hién hanh. Cac Iya chan lénh Style: Height<0.0000>: Chiéu cao kiéu chi. Néu muén tai dong nhde cée lénh Dtext va Text xudit hign dong nhde “Heighé” thi ta nhap chiéu cao la 0. Neu mudin chigu cao eitn chit la khéng @éi thi cho gia tri khéc 0. Width factor<1,0000>: Ty lé cae chit. Néu bang 1 th? binh thudng, nhé hen 1 thi co lai, lén hon 1 thi gian ra. Obliquing angle : Dé nghiéng cin chi. Néu bang 0 thi thing, >0 nghiéng sang bhai, <0 nghiéng sang trai. Do nghiéng chit bang 0 do D6 nghiéng chit béng 10 dé DO nghiéng cht bing -10 do Backwards? ; Néu chon Y thi chit sé 4éi xting gudng theo phuong thang dimg, Nén chon N. Vi du: Backwards Yes ION YH YOHX HOWE OOH Iva ONONUL Upside-down : Néu chon Y chit s& d6i xing guong theo phuong nm ngang. Nén chon N. Vi du: Upside - down Yes IOV AH AOHY HOAS OOH IAG Qnoust Vertical? <¥/N>: Dong chit nim theo phuong thing ding. Nén chon N. * Lénh STYLE Khi danh Iénh Style hoge gei tiv danh mue kéo xudng Draw myc Text Style... en hép thoai Text Style (hinh 1.43), xuat h oFSe Name sb A] Yow we site = Font = Eo Nan font Ste vate | T Usedig Fore | Elects: aa a3 ) 1 Preview: 7 Upside down ee | 1 Backnade Dive Arle. [7 })|AaBbCcD | ripltes feabeceo Preview Hinh 1.43. Hop thoai Style ‘Tao Style trén hp thoai nhu sau: Chon mit New sé xuat hién hép thoai New Text Style. Trong 6 soan thao Style Name cin nhap tén kiéu chit méi (Vi dy Dungl) va an OK (hinh 1.44) CIC x Siyle Name [Dunat Cancel Hinh 1.44. Tao mét kiéu chit méi Chon Font chit: Chon 'TTF font (VnAvant) tai 6 Font name. Chiéu cao chit nhap vao 6 Hieght. Cc mit chon Upside Down (dong chit déi xting phutng ngang), Backwards (dong chi déi xitng theo phuong thing dting), Width factor (hé 86 chiéu rong chi), Oblique angle (g6c nghiéng cia chi)... Xem chii vita tao 6 6 Preview. C6 thé thay déi tén va xod kiéu chit bing cac nut Rename va Delete. Sau khi tao mot kiéu chit &n nut Apply dé tao kiéu chit khac. Mudn ‘két thie lénh An nut Close. 2. Nhi dong chit vao ban vé (1énh Dtext) Lénh Dtext cho phép nhap dong chit vao trong ban vé tit ban phim. Trong mat Ignh Dtext c6 thé nhap nhiéu dong chi nim 4 cée vj tri khée nhau va cée dong chi sé xuét hign trén man hinh khi nh4p tix ban phim. Command: Dtext Justify / Style / : (Chon diém canh 1é trai). Height<>: (Chiéu cao ding Text). 8Rotation angle<0.0000>; (D8 nghieny cia dong chu). Text: (Nhap dong Text tit hain phim) *” oy Text: (Tiép tuc ahap Text hoge din Enter dé ket thue iénh) Cae Iya chon: Start paint: Diém eanh 1é tai dang chit Style: Chon kiéu chu, khi dap 8 wait hién dong nade phu Sigle name for %: (Nhap tén kidu cha hoae ? dé liét ké cae kiéu chit trong ban ve hién hanh) Justyfy: Khi an J sé xuat hién dang nhac cho phép chon eae diém canh Jé khac nbau. Méi dong chi c6 4 vi tri theo hang: Top, Middle, Baseline, Bottom +4 a vi tri theo oot: Left, Center va Right. Két hap cfc vi tri aay 6 cde diém canh lé, khi an J xuat hign déng nhde: Align/ Fit/ Center! Middle/ Right! ‘TL/ TC! TR/ ML) MC! MV BLY BC? BR: Aline: Déng chit nhap vio nam gidia hai diém dinh trade PIP2. Khi an A sé £6 ding nhac phy: Fisrt text ine point: (Xac dinh diém dau dong chit P1) Second text line point: (Xie dinh diém cudi dong chit PS) Pit: Tuong tu nhu Aline nhung chigu cao chit “Height<0.0000>- duge eo dinh tai ding nhée Fisrt text line point: (Xéc dink diém dau dong cha PI). Second’ tex? line point: (Xac tinh diém cud déng chix P2). Height<0.0000>: (Nhap chiéu cao dong chi). Text: (Nhap van ban). Center: Diém canh Ié Baseline — Center. Middle: Diém canh Ie 1a tam hinh chit ab§t bao quanh déng chit Right: Diém canh 1é Baseline — Right TL - Diém anh ié Top - Lett TC: Diém canh lé Top ~ Center TR : Diém canb 1é Top - Right. ML: Diém canh lé Middle — Left, MC: Diém carh lé Middle — Center. MR: Diém canh 1é Middle — Right. BL: iém canh lé Bottom — Left. 99BC; Diém canh lé Bottom ~ Center. BR: Diém canh lé Bottom — Right. Cae ly chon eamh Ié ta 6 thé nhap trye tiép tit dong nhac chinh “Justify! Style/ :” Cée hy tt de bié Khi soan thac AutoCAD g6 c&c ky tu: %%e bien len" §” ky higu dudng kink. Vi du: %%c80 hign lén 480. 290d hign len “°" ky higu d5 Vi dy: 45%%d hién lén 45°, %%p hién lén * +” Dau cong, tri Vi du: %%p75 hién lén 475. Bién TEXFILL Khi gia tri cha bién Textfil! 1A ON thi chit dus ta, HA NOL textit =1 cory ay ra Textfill 01 (OFF) Khi gia tri cia bién Textfill 14 OFF thi chit chi xuat hién céc dudng vién. Command: Textfill 1 New value for textfill < >: (Nhp gia tri méi cho bién Textfill). 3. Lénh Text Tuong ty nhu lénh Dtext nhung lénh nay chi gi duge mgt dong chit va dong nay chi xuat hign khi két thtic lgnh Text 100 Command: Text J Justify | Style! : (Chon diém canh 18) Height < >: (Chiéu cao dong Text) Rotation angle <0.0000>: (D6 nghiéng ciia dong cha) Text: (Nhap dong Text) Text: An Enter.4. Lénh Mtext ~ Nh@p doan véin vao ban vé Lénh Mtext cho phép tao mét doan vin ban duge gidi han béi dudng bién 1a khung hinh chi nhat. Doan van 1a mét ddi tugng cha AutoCAD. Command: Mtext Current text style: STANDARD. Text height: 10 Specify first corner: (Diém géc tha nhat doan van ban) Specify opposite corner or [Height] Justify/ Rotation/ Style/ Width]: Diém ‘gé d6i dién hay 1a chon lua cac lua chon cho van ban). Sau d6 suit hign hOp thoai Multiline Téxt Editor (hinh 1.45). Trong hép thoai nay ta nh§p vain ban nhu cae phan mém van ban khéc. Cae trang hép thoai Multiline Text Editor Trang Character * Khi chon nit Character xudit hién hp thoai Style: Chon kiéu chi Height: Chon chiéu cao chit Nut Import Text | m xuat hign h6p thoai Import Text File cho phép nhap mé6t tap tin van ban vao khung hinh chit nhat. C6 thé chén cae ky ty dac biét tai mit Symbol va néu chon Other sé xudt hién h6p thoai Character Map la cac bang ky tut dic biét Strack/Unstack Font Font height Insert symbol Ces oI Characit | Propet | Fine/ Repl Bh x) a) Sh a) Mbit] simtet~ || eae Degess Gee | Bietinn ape janet ae Hel Noreen Space part ~ ~_ Die Character formats Text Color Import text Hinh 1.45. Hp thoai khi chon Mtext 101* Trang Properties An nuit Properties cia hop thoai Multiline Text Editor (hinh 1.46) 6 thé thay adi kiguchit (Style), diém canh 1é Justification tusng ty nhu lénh Dtext, chiéu rong doan van ban, géc nghiéng cia doan vin ban so véi phudng ngang Text Style Justificati Character Text rotation Ghai Pee | Perec} Sule [STARA] ateten[Teplar” Te] wih F200 =] aan — =] | ~ cae | wide Let ML eet dotemLat BL ee Topcon TC vide Corer WE | Bono come 5 pace oe wnica Made igh MR Soon hight_ BF Hinh 1.46. Hop thoai Multiline Text Editor * Find/ Replace An mit chon Find/ Replace cho phép ta thay déi cae chi trong doan van ban 5. Lénh Qtext Lénh Qtext ding dé thay thé cac ding chit béi mét hinh chit nhat lm tang téc dd hién thj va truy xuat ban vé. Mac dinh lénh Qtext la OFF (hié! tri nay 1a ON thi dng Text sé dude thay thé bdi hinh chit nhat thi dong text), khi gia Command: Qtext -J ON/ OFF< >: C6 thé sit dung bién QTEXTMODE khi QTEXTMODE= 1 thi Qtext 1a ON. khi QTEXTMODE= 0 thi Qtext la OFF. Hoac sit dung hép thoai Drawing aids chon 6 Quick ‘Text gan gia tri cho bién QTEXTMODE. 6. Higu chinh van ban * Lénh Change Dang dé thay déi diém chén, kiéu chit, d6 cao chit, géc quay dong chit va ndi dung van ban. Command: Change -! Select object: (Chon dong Text). Select object: 4 Properties | : 1 Enter text insertion point: (Thay déi diém chén néu khong Enter). 102Text style: 1 New style or ENTER for no change: (Thay adi diém chén, néu khong Enter). Text style: New height < >: (T! y déi chiéu cao chit néu khong Enter) New rotation angle <0>: (Gée quay hay Enter) New text : Dai hoc Bach Khoa Ha Noi * Lénh DDedit Léenh Ddedit cho phép thay déi ndi dung dong Text va dinh nghia thudc tinh, Command: Ddedit . /Undo: lién tuc xuat hién cho phép chon tiép déng Text khac dé hiéu chinh, muén két thie 4n phism Enter. * Lénh Ddmodify Thay déi tat cd cde dic tinh cia dong Text bing hop thoai Command: Damodify Select objects to modify: (Chon dong Text higu chinh) Buren ante 2 § Dicoees a BYLAYER Linetype Seale: [1.0000 | Bick Point < |) Height: [sc000 dusty [Tar |x Ee] | eatin i Sue for | [15.56328644) | wieh Factor: 0000 1 Upside Down Z [Peo] bing ©] F Baekwa [oo] cont | _te | Hinh 1.47. Hp thoai Modify Text 103Text hOp thoai nay cé thé hiéu thoa: Néu van ban duge tao bing lénh Text hoae Dtext thi xudit hién hop thoai Modify (hinh 1.47) ¢6 thé higu chinh tat ca cae dac tinh lién quan dén dong Text. Néu van ban duge tao béi lénh Mtext thi xudt hién hOp thoai Modify Mtext. Tai chinh tinh chat va ndi dung cia ding van ban. Néu an mut Full Editor sé xudit hién hép thoai Multiline Text Editor. * Hiéu chinh Mtext bang lénh Mtprop Lenk nay ding dé thay déi tinh chat cha Mtext. Command: Mtprop «J Select MTEXT object: (Chon doan van ban can hiéu chinh) Sau d6 xudt hién hop thoai Multiline Text Editor trang Properties. Trén hop i nay ta c6 thé thay déi kiéu chi(Style), chiéu cao (Text Height), diém canh 1é (Justification), chiéu rgng doan van ban (Width), gée nghiéng doan van ban (Rotation). 6.2. Select MTEXT object: (Chon doan van ban khc hoe &n Enter dé két thuc lénh). Ghi kich thuéc trong AutoCAD 1. Cae nhom lénh ghi va hiéu chinh hich thuée. Cac lénh ghi kich thuée AutoCAD 14 nim trong danh myc kéo xuéng Dimension (hinh 1,48). Tere De Sek iw det Frat MecnSimbos Teck Dow Omen My alalt eta} ae] x [as] se] of] 5a) Seleeliel | 1 ef ele @lalalal |) Sisiflsetec a [meiee =) [lieve Sd a i ai a ssf Z|) a mean 4 al | —pmnucneo aa | ——oeronate ae 3 —— paensosus x 4 4 omens xa al om = a pumnatnan a4 | Sar tai ‘ol 4 acowmiv ol all 4a ad Sei “All teen, (alel e] uo 2 ol AS —— oir x] Al) Vu ————— co Sl Sy aro A = +e | Fosena a (BSS Tea aaam 00 GS (GIN OATH IOENAB IDE TILE 104 Hinh 1.48. Cac lénh ghi kich thudcCé4e lénh ghi kich thuée trong AutoCAD 14 chia Am cde nhém: Kich thude thing : dinear dimension) gm cac lénh: Lénh Dimlinear ‘ich thud ngang (Horizontal), thing ding (Vertical), va quay (Rotated). Lénh Dimaligned :Ghi chuéi kich thuée song song, kich thuée can ghi. Lénh Dimbaseline : Chi chudi kich thude song song véi m6t kich shute sin c6, Lénh Dimcontinue Ghi chuéi kich thude néi tiép véi mét kich thude sin ed. Kich thitée hudng tém bao gém. Lenk Dimdiamer :Ghi kich thuée du3ng kinh, Lénk Diraradius 2 Ghi hich thude bin kim, Lnh Dimcenter Ve duting tim Kich thude gée hao gém: Lénh Dimanglar : Ghi kich thuée goc. Ta c6 thé sii dung céc lénh Dimbaseline va Dimcontinue dé ghi chudi kich thude song song va néi tiép vai mét kich thude sin cd. Toa dé diém bao gém: Lénk Dimordinate Ghi dung sai hinh ding va vj tri ding lénh Tolerance. Ghi kich thude theo duéng din: Lénh Leader. Trén hinh 1.49 gidi thigu viée sit dung cac lénh khie nhau dé ghi kich thude cho ban ve, Hinh 1.49. Cach ghi kich thuéc 1052. Ghi kich thwéc thang Lénh Dimlinear Lénh Dimlinear Kich thude ngang (Horizontal), thing ding (Vertical), va quay (Rotated) Conmand: Dimliear + First extension line origin or RETURN select to: (Diém gc dudng ging thit nhét) Second extension line origin: (Diém gée duding giéng tht hai) Dimension line lo ation (Mtext/ Text/ Angle/Horizontal/ Vertical/ Rotated): (Chon mét diém dé dinh vi tri dudng kich thude). Conmand: Cae Ia chon khé Rotated. Lya chon nay ghi kich thuée cé dudng kich thude nghiéng vi dudng ch goc nao do Text Dung dé nhap chit sé kich thude hoac cac ky ghi kich thude. tut trude (prefix) va sau (suffix) cht so Mtext Lam xuat hién hop thoai Multiline Tex Editor (hinh 1.50 - tuong tu hp thoai khi sit dung lénh Mtext). Trén hop thogi nay ta nhap chit s6 kich thude, dé nhap cae ky hiéu, vi du ®, °.., ta chon ntit Symbol PE vert =] foo =] Bl 2) wf 9) 8) (Stee =] smb wf] cara Mieeutee natal : acial : Help Jes [areas Hinh 1.50. Hép thoai Multiline Text Editor Angle Dinh goc nghiéng cho dong chit sé’ kich thude so véi phuong ngang. Horizontal Ghi kich thuéc nam ngang, khi chon H sé xuat hién dong nhac Vertical 106Ghi kich thude thang dang, nhap V xudt hién cae déng nde tusng Of tua chon Horizontal 3, Lénh Dimaligned Dudng kich thude ghi bing lénh Dimaligned sé song song vdi kich thude cin ghi Command: Dimaligned 1 First extension line origin or RETURN to select: Diém gée ding gidng thit nhaw) Second extension line origin: (Chon diém géc dudng déng the hai) Dimension line locasion (Mtext |Text Angle): (Chon mot diém dinh vi ut dudng kivh thuéey Sau khi gi kich thet Dimedid, Iya chon New. khang cé ky hiéu , dé nhap ky hig y can su dung léch Lye chon Mtext va Angle cia lenh Dimaligned twang tu lénh Dimlinear. 4. Ghi hich thude hudng tam(ban hinh, duong kinh) Dé ghi kich thude duding kinh dudng trin (circle) hoae cung (are) cd goo 6 tam Ton hse 180° ding lénh Dimdiameter.dé ghi kich thude ban kinh cung tron c6 goo 4 tam nhé hon 180° ta stt dyng lénh Dimradius. Lénh Dimdiameter. Lenh Dimdiameter: ding dé ghi kich thuée duting kinh, Command: Dimdiameter . Select are or cirele: (Chon dung tron tai mét dig bat ky) Dimension line lovasion (Mtext /Text/ Angle): (Vi tri cla chiding kich thuée). Khi ghi kick thude 16 hoae dug cron c6 dudng kink nhé th} oni tén va chur so kich thuée nim ngoai dudng tron. Dé dau tam (Center mark) va dudng tam (Center linc) khang xuat hién trude khi ghi kich thie ban kinh va didng kinh ta dinh bin DIMCEN = 0. Tata chon Mtext, Text vA Angle trong lénh Dimdiameter tutong ty nbut vic Tua, chon trong ign Dimlinear. Lénh Dumradius Lénh Dimradius: dang dé ghi kich thude ban kink Command: Dimradius Select are or cirele: (Chon cung lén tai mat diém bat ky). Dimension line locasion (Mtext/Text /Angle): (Vi tri cha dubng kich thuée) Khi ghi kich thude cung trim ¢6 bén kinh nbé thi mii tén va chit sé kieh thuée nim ngoai dudng tron. 107bya chon Mtext, Text va Angle trong lénh Dimradius tuong ty nhu eae ha chon trong lénh Dimlinear. Lénk Dimcenter. Lénh Dimcenter vé dau tam (Center mark) va dudng tam (Center line) cia dudng tron hay cung tron, Command: Dimeenter Select are or circte: (Chon eung tron hay duéng tron). Tuy thude vao bién DIMCEN khi str dung lénh Dimeenter sé xust hién duing tam va dau tim hay chi la dau tam 5. Ghi hich thude woe (lénh Dimangular). Lénh Dimangular ding dé ghi kich thuie gée * Ghi kich thude gée giga hai dean thang Command: Dimangular Select are, circle, line or RETURN: (Chon doan thang thé nb&t) Select second line: (Chon doan thang thi 2) Enter dimension arc line lecasion Mtext/Text/Angle): (Vi tri cla dung kich thie). * Ghi kich thude gée qua ba diém nhu sau. Ghi kich thude gée qua ba diém Command: Dimangular 5 Select arc, vircle, line or RETURN to select: Enter Angle Vertex: (Chon diém dinh eiia Bbc) Firot angle endpoint: (Xée dinh diém cudi vanh thit nhé‘t) Second angle endpoint: (Xac dinh diém eudi canh thé nhat) Enter dimension arc tine locasion (Mtext/ ext /Anale): (Chon vi tri elia duding kick thutde). “ Ghi kich thitéc gée 6 tam cung tron Command: Dimangular Select arc, circle, line or RETURN: (Chon cung trén) Enter dimension are line locasion (Miext (Text) Angle}: (Chon vi uh cia duting cung kich thude, tuy thude vao diém chon ta 06 cae kich thude khae nhau), Jama chon Mtext, Text, Angle trong lénh Dimangular tuang tt nhw ede ha chon trong lénh Dimlinear. 108,chién: vaio. 6. Ghi kich thude theo dudng dan (lénh Leader). Lénh Leader ghi kich thude c6 lién két theo dung din Command: Leader From point: (Diém din dau tién) To point: Diém din ké tiép). To poini: (Diém din ké tiép hode Enter): Te point: (Format {Annotation {Undo}: (Nhdp dong text hoe Enter). :4 Taie nay xudt hién hop thoai Edit Miext cho phép ta nhap chit sé kich thude vio Tai dang nhac “From point:” ta si dung phuong phap truy diém NBAREAST. ‘u tai ding nhdc Annotation ta nhan phim Enter thi cae déng nb&e sau sé xudt Cac hya chon: Format: Lufa chon nay xudt hién dong nhde: Spline /Straight/Arow/None/ : Spline /Straight: Dutmg din c6 thé 1a duling cong hoge duty thang (Straight). ArrowNone: Dau dubng din xuiit hién mai tén (Arow), hode kshéng 06 mai ten (None), Annotation: Jia chon nay cho phép nhap dng chit sé kich thuée hoje van ban vao. Mtext: Lam xuat hién hop thogi Multiline Edit Mtext cho phép ta nhap van ban Tolerance: Cho phép ghi sai léch hinh dang va vj tri bang hép thoai Symbol. Copy: Sac chép mét déi tugng cla Text, Mtext, Diext vao du dudng dan. Block: Chén mét khéi vao déu duéng din. None: Khong cé chu thich tai ddu dudng din. Undo: Huy bé mét dink vita chon trong 1énh Leader. - 7, Ghi toa dé mt diém (lénh Dimordinate). Lénh Dimordinate ding dé ghi kich thude tog 46 eila mat diém Command: Dimordinate -) Select feature: (Chon diém can ghi kich thude, ding truy b&t CEN) Leader Endpoint (Xdatum): (Chon tung 46 (Y) haac honk a6 (X)) Dimensnion text: (Gia i tog dd). Cac bign kich thuée khac va mat sé ehite nang khéc cia lénh ghi kich thude dé nghi cdc ban tham khéo trong sach hudng din sit dung AutoCAD R14 trong phan tai ligu tham khao. 109VII. IN BAN VE Giai doan cudi cang thuc hign ban vé bang phan mém AutoCAD la xuat gidy vé. Ban vé dude in e6 thé chua mét hoae nhiéu hinh vé. Phu thude vao ngui thiét ké c6 thé in mot hoac nhiéu viewports ho&e gan cae nao d6 sé in va vi tri cc hinh trén ban ve. ‘a chon dé dinh ving 7.1, Cai dat may in ‘Tuy thude vao loai may in c6 thé cai dat loai may in cho riéng minh Dé cai dat may in cin vao File ==>vao Printer setup, hop thoai (hinh 1.51) sé xuatt hién Files | Performance | Compaibilty | General] Display | Pointer Printer | Profies | ‘Current printer: Default System Printer Current Modiy. New. Dpen Saye As. System Printer ADI 4.3- by Autodesk, inc af "Remove Model J Pot: HP Lasevet 4 Plus Version 1404 Cancel Help Hinh 1.51. Hop thoai Printer setup Cée tuy chon nhut sau Set Current: Mae dinh méy in cho ede lan in New Dé cai dat mot may in hay may vé méi. Modify : Thay i dat cha loai may in hign da duge cai trong may Sau khi lua chon xong cac cai dat ta chon vao phim OK, néu khéng chap nhan ta chon vao phim Cancel. 1107.2. In mot bin vé bang AutoCAD du vio lénh ta lam nhw sau: De in mOt ban vé bing AutoCAD tir dong nhae yéu Command: Plot .J (Hoac chon Print tit menu File) Hop thoai hinh 1.52 sé xuat hién yeu cdu ban Iya chon cae thong sé. PRR Devioe and Defau Infomation Paper Size and Orientation Detaut System Pet © nates Device and Defaut Setecon...__| | C ew Pen Parameters & Plot Avea 196,09 by 283.72. on Assi ants. Optimization... ' —fevtovorments | __Stnicain Soule Ra Bg | Additional Paramete’s elit sean. | | © Display Text Resolution 5a 7 tyes We Oke | PlottedMM. = Drawing Units | Linas Hiekines | [isan = TO. 0001 PF Adjust Area Fil | 1 Sealed to Fit 8 i T Plot To File. plot Preview—— © Window FH autosooc | Preview © Pattial — Full Window, jo— Hinh 1.52. Hép thoai Print/Plot Configuration Cae Iya chon nhu sau Pen assignments: Cho phép lta chon but sé may va vé tuong ting véi mau sic, do day cta nét vé cing duge dinh nghia 6 day (hinh 1.53) Color Pen No. Linetype Pen\Widh [Mody Values eature Legend. Pen width Hinh 1.53. Hép thoai Pen Assignments 11Device and Default Selection: Cho phép Iya chon may in. Dé chuyén ban ve tit che 46 in Inche: 's’ sang mm ban cé thé Iya chon bang cach nhay chudt trai v: 0 ede 6 lua chon tutdng ting d gée phai trén hOp thoai Size: Cho phép Iya chon khé giay cuta ban vé khi in ra. Rotation and Orign: cho phép lua chon géc xoay, chiéu cao X va Y khi in ngoai ban vé (hinh 1.56). Ge Plot Rotation. \co e ie 0 Plot Origin — |X Origin 6.00 Hinh 1.54. Lua chon géc xoay, chiéu cao X va Y khi in ngoai ban vé Window: Cho phép hia chon phan ban vé can in, hau hét ban ve duge xuat theo kiéu nay (hinh 1.55 een) CJ Bick < pt Coney 12988216] | ‘Dther Comet ee [3479.0997 [1088-9215] Cancel | % [21752569 Hinh 1.55. Hop thoai Window Preview: Xem ban truée ban vé khi xuét ra may in Plot to file: In ban vé ra File dudi rang file *.prn Chon OK dé in hinh vé va Cancel dé huy bé lénh in. Cac thao tac nang cao cia lgnh in dé nghj cdc ban doc xem trong séch "Huéng din si dung AutoCAD R14" trong phan tai liéu tham khao. 112vill. Vi DU VE TRUC CANH KHUAY tén kiéu kich thude la TCVNCK. Ta tién hanh theo trinh tu saw Dat ede bién kich thuée nbu sau: Command: DIMTXT (Chiéu cao ché 84 kich thutée) New value for: DIMTRT: Command: DIMAS2 (Chiéu dai mii ten) New value for DIMASZ: 3 Command: DIMEXE (Khoing duiag giéng nd ra koi dugng kich tude) New value for: 3 Command: DIMEXO (Khoang gitta gic va ddu dudng giéne) New value for: 0 Command: DIMTAD New value for: ON (Chi sf nam trén dung kich thude) Command: DIMTIH New value for: OFF (Chi sé nam song song trén dwéng kich thudc) Command: DIMTOH New value for: OFF (Déi véi dudng kich thués, ban kink chon ON) Vi dy vé vé ban vé true cénh khudy AG252-00-011 (hin 1.56) Cae bude Jam nhu sau: Buée 1: Thigt lap baa va. ‘Tao mot ban va mai (lénh New). Dinh khé ban vé va dinh nghia don vi cba bin vé (énh Limits va Units), Bude 2: Dinh nghia lp ban ve; 6 day mét logi duting aét trong ban we duce dé chung trong mat. ldp. - Lép o¢ bain (LGB): Kiéu duding Continue - - Lép dung déng va kich thude (LET): - Lép duéng tam (LDT): Kiéu duéng Center - miu xanh. tring. iéu dung Continue, mau vaag. - Lap mat c&t (LMC): Kiéu duding Continue, mau vAng. Dang hop thoai Layer&Linetype Properties dé gan mau va kiéu dudmg cho 6p da tao. Buée 3: Dinh nghia cdc kiéu chit (Text style) - dang Jeng Style va thiét lap cae bién kich thuée theo tiéu chudn co khi (phn trén). Bude 4: Dung cae lénh vé eo ban Line, Circle, Arc, Rectang... cac lénk vé nhanh Otiset, Copy, Move, Mirror, Chamfor, Fillet... va cde lénh higu chinh Break, Trim, Extend... dé vé truc. Ruée 5: Gach mat eat - Lénh Bhateh. Ghi kich thude ban vé (Dang lénh DIM - ROT, D.} Bude 7; Ghi chi bink bin vé (Dtext). Bude 8: Hoan thign ban vé va in an. Bude 6 13995 HU TB ee ume z muy [a a ra | VL i - 7 il aE Aenuy yupo ofp = 1:0-00-zsza¥ tpu Bupy up fig 14Chuong 2 VAT LIEU CHE TAO MAY A. THEP” 1. CHON MAC THEP Khi Iya chon mae thép ean eli y ti cae tinh chat cua mac thép, digu kién lam vide ean chi tiét, két cfu cla chi tiét cing nhw dac tinh tii trong va ding suadt, Cé thé tham kha mt sé huéng dan sau: i. Thép c@ kha nang sit dung rong rai 1A thép cachon két cau théng thing Cr3 (CT38), thép tu ddng A1Z va thép cachon két cau chat. lugng tét 18 (C15), 35 (C38) va 45 (C45). Thép tu dong c6 tinh gia cong tt nhung 1a loai thép gién néng. Cr3 (CT38) va thép tu dng thudng duge ding dé ché tao cde chi tiét may co yéu cau ve do bén khong lon. 2 Cae két cau han thuting dude ché tas tit eae mAc thép cacbon C110 (CT31), C13 (CT38), Crd (CTSL, Cr6 (CT61, 18 (C15), 35 (C35), 45 (C45), SOT (C5OMn). Tinh han ela cée thép hep kim khéng tét do tao thanh mot ving o6 cfu true gién d xung quanh (khi can thiét, phai sti dung eéng nghé han riéng). 3. Thép mangan d trang thai c4n hodic sau khi thuding hoa cé i tuong déi ré va thuan tién cho ché tao ede chi Het im: dQ dai va dé chju mai man trang déi cao. cén 6 dé bén, 4. Thép hop kim duge gia cong nhiét ed co tinh cao han thép eachon. Cac thep bgp kim e6 tinh théim t6i tot han, Khi téi, thép hgp kim duge lam ngudi trong dau dé yiam (6 mile tei da su hin thanh cae vét iit do t6i, Nén ding cac leai thép hop kim cé than’ phan niken, molipden va vonfam néu nhu khéng thé thay thé chting bang eae, Joai thép e6 thanh phiin silic, mangan va erom. 5. Thép caebon két edu thang thuting Him vige trong diéu kién img suat Ion, duge dang téi ahiét dd 300 - 400°C, Khi nhiét d9 tdi 700 - 800°C va cao ben céin ding thép va hop kim bén nhiét, cdn khi nhiét €6 eao hon nita - kim logi gdm va vat ligu gom: 2. THEP CACBON KET CAU THONG THUONG (TCVN 1 , FOCT 380-71) Cae tiéu chudn trén ap dung cho thép cacbon két céu thong thuéng, can néng dudi dang thép thanh, bang, binh, dinh hinh, tém, 14, bing rong va thep In edn cudi, VE 1) Dohe thong itu chusin nha nusic Vigt Nam v8 vat Tigu che tao may (hep, gang, kim logi miu...) chua dy di nén cde loai thép sit dung trong tai ligu ny theo cde tity chuin TOCT eta Nga. Cite mic thép theo fiéu chudn Viet Nam (TCYN) (néu 68) duge ghi trong ngoac don usthinh phéin hoa hoe, cde tiéu chudn nay emg &p dung cho thép thoi, phdi can thd, phéi vudng, phoi tam va cdc phoi cin hode dtie theo phutong phap chic lign tu: ng, vit én va dap, bang va céc san phém kim loai. Cac tiéu chudn nay khong Ap dung cho thép san xuat theo phugng php Betxume. Theo cong dung, thép dutge chia think 3 nbom: Nhém A - dam bao tinh chat cv hoe (bang 2.1). Nhdm (B - thea ''CVN1765-75)- dam bae thinh phin hoa hoe; Nhém B (C- theo TCVN1765-75) - dim bao tinh chat ed hoe va thanh phan hof hoc Bang 2.1. Co tinh cha thép nhom A ~ Gigi han chay, KG/mm* cho chiéu cay, mm a9 bn kee os an ie Mac thé oo wren 109 ° keymer ain20 | wen20aéna0 | wen 4oaén too | “e™ _ bang nnd han 0 (era) 28 : Crt, (C7338) 31-80 7 rte (CT33N) 32-42 - - Orton (C78) C2 (CTHA8) 23-42 22 a 20. 19 Crdne (OT levsén) stead 2B 2 2 20 C1209 (C134) Era (C7365) ara? 2 2B 22 29 ErBy¢ (CT3BN) ; a Gren (CTE aeae 2 * S - Eryn (C7425) 41-52 Ey % 24 B Srbng (CTH The (CT42N) 42-84 a 6 28 24 Crd, (6742) . Gr5ne (ETSIN) 50.68 29 2 2 28 C154 (CF54) ne (CTE GrBue (CTHAN) 260 32 3 20 30 ErGen (CTS ‘Thép cacbon két cu théng thuéng ditge ché tao theo che ma Nham A - Cr0 (CT31), Cr2 (CT34), C13 (CT38), Crd (CT42), Crh (CTS), Cr6 (CT@1}; Nhém B - Cr0 (BCT31), BCr1 (BCTS3), BCr2 (BCT34), BCrS (BCTS8), bCr4 (BCT42), BCr5 (BCTS1), BCr6 (BCTE1); Nhém B - BCrl (CCT33), BCr2 (CCT34), BCr3 (CCT38), BCr4 (CCT42), BCS (CCT51). Dé ky nidu cho mite dé khit oxy, trong mac thép cé bé sung thém chi 36 dudi ding: KM (s) - chi thép 881; 1¢(n) - chi thép nita ling; Cr - chi thép lang. 1163. THEP CACBON KET CAU CO TINH GIA CONG CAT GOT CAO (FOCT 1414-75) ‘Theo dang gia cing phan ra: thép cén néng, can tinh, thép tran 6 bé mat duide gia cong dic bigs - thép anh bac Theo trang thai cia vat ligu, phan ra: thép khong nbiét luyén, thép whist luyén - T; thép bien cing aguéi - H (Adi vot thep hinh va thép anh dac) Tuy theo st dung ma thép eagbon két cd tinh gia cong cit got ean duge ché tao theo yéu cfu dat hing, vi du nhu thép ding cho gia céng cét gut ngudi: vw én, bao, phay ‘Theo thanb phiin hoa hge, chi c6 eae mac thép eacbon sunfua Al2, AQ0, A80, ABS va AMOI. Thép A12 va ABD due ché tao khéng nhiét luyén (bang 2.2) Wang 2.2, Co tinh va 9 eng cia thép cachon suntua edn néng va nhigt luyén (bing 2.2) nm tinh, khong Bang 2.2. Co tinh va 6 cttng cua thép cachon sunfua cén nong va cin tinh, khong nist luyén a5 én keo | dd gitn dai Botnat | Bo cung HB. | van thee bng |e kSImun? | wong 361i, | wong a6: 4, | aang len | Mac thép | Kiohthuéc, mm | ang gia cong n % na : Khong nhé hon ai2 a2 2 34 180 woe | ekpeuen | Sansa |g ||) thnsée ng nt 35 luyen 82 15 23 201 Ado 80 te 20 207 ate = 30 52 7 : a7 Ate >30 a7 7 a Can tinh, bid A20 | Moi teh mae | Sant. i 54 7 27 a30 nt 5 Fg 228 [ass nt 58 6 229 4. THEP CACBON KET CAU CHAT LUQNG TOT (TCVN1766-75), (COCT 1050-74) Cac Gidu chudn nay ap dung cho thép cachon két cat chat liong tot ein néng va rea, ed kich thuse duiing kinb hogs chiée day nhé hon 250mm. Cée chi tisu vé thank phan hoa hoe trong edc tidu ehudn nay cing ap dung cho thép thdi; ede ieai phdi rén va cin, thép 1A, bang, thép tim rdng, thép Gg, thép daly, thép rén va dap Thép eacbon két cfu chit Iuong tét e6 thé duce luyén trong ede 16 chuyén oxy théi dink, 16 Mactanh va 16 dién hé quang theo cA cong nghé s6i, ling va nita lang hoac bang cde phueag phap luyén khic Dua theo thanh phan h 2 nhom: hoe thép eachon két cu chat lugng tot duge phan thanh 7~ Nhém 1 véi ham Iuong mangan thuéng gém ode mae san: O8 (C8), 08g; (C88), 10 (C10), 1047) (C108), 15 (C45), 15 (Cds), 20 (C20), 20xn (C208), 25 (C25), 30 (C30), 35, (C35), 40 (C40), 44 (C45), 50(C50), 6O(CEO), 65 (C65), 70 (C70), 75 (C75), 80 (C80) va BS (C85). - Nhém 2 vi ham Iuong mangan nang cao, gdm céc mie sau: 16 (C1SMn), 201 (C20Mn}, 287 (C25Mn), 307 (C30Mn), 35€ (C35Mn), 407 (C4UMn}, 457 (C45Mn). SOT (C50Mn)}, 607 (C6OMn}, 851 (C6SMn) va 70 (C7OMn) ‘Thanh phin hos hoc cha cée mic thép eachon két céu chat hugng tt deige cho trong bang 2.3 vA co tiah - bang 2.4, Bang 2.3. Thank phan hoa hoc eta thép cacbon két cu chat lugng tét (khi ra 18) j Ham long cba c&e nguyen 18. % 4 otphe ia cromyniken Mac shen cacbon sili. mangan pew huynh i . 7 knéag lon hon _ Nném 1 ° 05 (Cos) 60,06 . 0,40 0.640 070 [| 028 DB, (C8s)_|_0.05-0,11 z 0,.25-0.50 “0.040 040 0,25 08 (C8) 005.012 | 017-037 | 0.35-.0.86 0.10 “0.25 ken (C198}_|_0.07-0,14 <0,07 | 0,25-0.50 078 “T 025 191610) | 007-014 | 017-0.37 | 0.95-6.65 Cod 0,25 15.(C18s)_ | 6,12-0,49 «0,07 0,260.50 0.28" wic1s) | 0.12019 | oa7-0a7 | 0,350.65 “0 “BouiC20s) | 617-0.24 0,07 0,25-0.50 [ 0.25 20(c20)_ | 0,170.24 | on7-0a7 | 036-065 | 028 | 0.25 “sca; | e220, | 0170371 9.50.80 o.2 025 30,30) | 0.270.358 [017-047 | 9,50-0.80_ | 0.25 0.25 35638) [0,320.40 | 0,17-0,37_ | 0.50-0.80 0.25 0,25 40,640), | ozro4s | oi70a7 | 9.50080 “25 | ozs 45 (C45) 042-050 [017-037 | 0,50-0.80 0.25 soceso) | o7-08s | 17057 | os0.a0 325 35 (C55) 0,520.80 | 017-037 | 0,50-0,80 0.25 "80 (C80) 057-088 | 0.17-0,37 | 0,50-0,80 0.25 @sccss) | 0,620.70 | 017-037 | 050-080 | 0,040 0.25 roxero | 0.07075 | 0.17-0.37 | 0,500.80 | 0,040 0.25, 75 (675) | 0,720.80 | 0,17-0,37 | 0,50-0,60 | 0.040 0.25 aoycsc) | 077-086 |” 017-037 | 0.50-0.80 0.040, 0,25 85 (C85) 0.82-0,90 | 017-037 | 0,500.80 | 0,040 0.25 t ~ Nhom 2 tor (CtoMn) [012-019 a17-037 6,70-7,00 9,040 0.25 (Zor (20mm "[~0,17-0.24_ [0,170.37 | 0,70-1.00 0,040 0.25 | 25F (C2smmy | 0,220.30 | 017-0.37_| 0,707.00 9,040 0.25 (_30r ca0mn) [7027-038 [9,179.37 | 0,70-1,00 aoae [0.25 36t (Cashin) | 032-020" | 0.17-0.37 | 0.70.00 3.040 | 0.25 F c40Mny | 0.97-0.48 | 0,17-0, 37 || 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.25 457 (C45 Mn) | 0.42-0.50 170,387 | 070-100 0,040 | 0.25 sor eso Mn) | 048.086 | 0.47-0,37 | o70-1.09 0.040 0.25 sor iceo Mn) | 057-065 | 0170.87 | O70-1.00 | 0,040 0.25 86F {C65Mn) | 0.62.0.70 | 0.17-0,37 | 0.90-1,00 0,040 0.25 ror (c70Mn) | 067-075 | 0.170.387 | 0.90-1,00 9,040 0.25 WisBang 2.4. Co tinh va do cing cla thép cachon két cdu chat lugng Wt. Gidihan | Dobsn | BB cian dai | Osta | BO dai va Mae thé chiy,o., | keoos, | tuongési | tung adi | dap a, , q KGimm? | kGimm? | is, % 2% | kGmicm? 08 (ca) 29 33 38 “eo | 19119) a 34 31 58 - 15018) 23 38 2 55 : 20 {C20} 25 42 25 88 : 25 (025) 28 46 2 0 8 30 [620 20 50 a 5 3 35 (635) 32 5a 2 45 7 49 (G40) 34 58 19 45 8 a7 187 45 (C48) 36 a 16 40 5 229 197 50 (C50) 38 6 14 40 4 2a 207 58 (C58) 39 66 13 35 - 255 ar 80 (C80) a 69 12 35 - 255 229 55 (C65) 42 n 10 30 : 255 229 704070) 43 3 9 20 - 269 229 75 (075) 90 170 7 0 285, 2a 80 (C80) 95 110 6 30 : 285, 2a 85 {C85} 190 115 6 30 : 302 256 901: (BONN 42 " "4 25 : 269 229 861" (CBSMn) 44 78 9 - 285 229 Tor (CTOMny 48 80 : 285 29 Chet thien 1. Cotinh ella thep duge xde dink khi thik Keo thi mu thi duce ché tao tit phéi thuéag hoa, con kni thir dg dai va dap - mau d8 dues nhiét tuygn 2. Céc mu thif ché tao tu cde mac thép 75, 80 va 85 dude thit sau kni da t8i va ram, Nén ding ché dé nhiet luygn. 161 4 nhigt 46 820°C, lam ngudi trong du, ram 4 480°C. 3. Che mde co tah duce Ade Ginh cho cdc mAu thep £8 dung kinh hose chiéu day 16. 8 mm. NU dudng kin hhoae chiée day ten han BOmm, cha phap gidm a6 gidn dai tuang dOi di 2% va giam do that tuong déi cla mat cSt ngang 41 5%. Pham vi si dung cia mét sé mae thép cacbon két c@u chat ludng tét duce gidi thiéu trong bang 2.5. Bang 2.5. Pham vi sit dung ciia mt sé mac thép cacbon két cau chat lvgng tét Mac thep Pham vi sit dyng 08 (C8), 08, (C85) 104610), 104, (C105) Khéng nhiét luyén: ng, dém; dng xodin; inh tn; cae chi tist duge ché tg0 bang ud thie sau; cac hl tiét khde cd dé Be cao 48 (C15), 15,0) (C15) 20 (C20), 20s, (C208) 25 (C25), 157 (C18Mn), 207 {C20Mn) 251" (C25Mn} Khong nhiét luyén: cae chi tiét cla méi nSi dng: Sng ni; bich; 6ng xodn: bO phan han, Sau khi Uvim cacbon hode xyamia: cas chi tiét edn cb 6 cimg bé mat ceo nhung 68 bén trong [Oi khong cae (bac, truc, fam, cam va true cam, dia Ma sat, can day, con 60i..) 19Tiép bang 2.5. 30 (C20), 38 (C39) Kang nivét luyén irus tam, dan bay. thant kéo, bieh, shi tt Kep chat. Sau khi 18 va ram thdp (HRC 30- 40): tryc tam, tryc truyén nha, vit, eitchén, xa, ddim ngang. va i ae chi iét 68 6 bén nang cao Khéo. Sau khi thudng hoa hode tei va ram ceo (ai cAl thién): thanh kéo, tryc tam, xy lan, truc khuju, chi tiét kep chat 40 (C40), 46 (045) Cac chi tiét 06 dd bén nang cao, lam viée & t6e dG khong Idn va ap lc riéng trung binh - anh rang, tay bién. edn. true truyén lam vide trong é lan, try trust (plongic bulong, Sau khi 181 bé mat béng dong dién cao tan: cae chi het cdn co dd cing bE mat cao va dé bén treng oi nang cao foanh rang, chét, truc tam, truc truyén tam viee trong 6 trust.) 50 (C50), 56 (C55) Cac che tidt c6 44 bén nang cao - (rue tam, anh rang, bang di. Sau khi thu’ng hoa ho’ téi oi thién: tue chinh, truc truyén, true khugu, Banh rang, banh lech tr | 50 (C60, 65 (C65) Le xo tron va Io xe phing (del), mhip, b6 ly hop kidu dia, banh Ich tam va cae cht + 70 (C70). 75 [C75] €0 | Net Khac lam vige trong digu kign ma sat (€80}, 8 (Cas) 5, THEP HOP KIM KET CAU. ‘Thép hgp kim két cfu thuding ding trong cde két eu may va thiél bi. Vide dua vio thép cac nguyén té hop kim da lam thay déi ede tinh chat vat ly, ed hoe, hoa hose va tinh céng nghé cua thép. ‘Tinh dan héi cua thép sé ting lén véi sy tham gia cua cae nguyén 10 silic, rom; d9 dai - vdi su tham gia cia niken va mdt sé nguyén té khie; dg bén chju an man va chju axit - véi su tham gia ella crom, niken, mangan, molipden, titan; tinh chin mbiét vA béa nbiét - vi su tham gin ca erom, niken, nhém va mot si nguyén té khae, Crom, niken, mélipden, vonfram, vanadi, silic, mangan sé Jam tang tinh thaim toi cil thép va Lam cho edu tric cha thép hop kim déng déu hon so véi thép cacbon. ‘Theo cae tidu chudin eda Nga (POCT), hai chit of ddu tién trong ky higu ciia thép hap kim chi ra him !vang cachon trung binh tinh theo phn tram. Cée chil cai theo sau chi cde nguyén t hop kim: C: silic, ( - mangan, X - crém, H + niken, T - titan; B- vonfam, ® - vanadi, M- molipden, 10 - nhém, P - bo, IL; ziricani, K - coban, /{- déng. Cac chit s6 theo sau cic chi céi chi ham lugng cia cae nguyén t6 hgp kim tusng tng tinh theo phan tram (néu ham lugng nay dén 1,5% thi khong ghi ham lugng sau ky higu cla nguyén 16 hgp kim tudng tng). Mac thép chit lugng cao ¢6 chit Ad cudi cung. Vé nguyén tae dat ky hiéu, tigu chudn Viét Nam TCVN 1659-75 cung cd eae qui djnh tuong ty nu trén, chi cé didu khac 1a céc nguyén t6 hgp kim duge ky higu bing ky higu hoa hoe clia chung: Si - silie, Mn - mangan; Cr - crém, Ni - niken, Ti - titan, W - vonfam, V - vanadi, Mo - molipden, Al - nhém, B - bo, Zr - ziriconi, Co - coban, Cu- déng, ‘Thép hop kim thép, loai thép hinh va thép dinh hinh (TOCT 19281-73 va 19282- 7a) duge ding trong xAy dung va trong ché tao may cho cae két clu thép han va cho cae sin pham khéng qua nhiét luyén. ‘Thép hop kim thap cing co thé su dung cho nhiing ket edu khong han. Co tinh etta cae mae thép hinh va dink hinh hgp kim thip duge che trong hang 2.6, 124)Bang 2.6. Co tinh cua thép binh va dinh hinh hgp kim thp (POCT 19281 - 73) 7 Do ban | Gahan | Begin | BO dai ve djp a, KG mem’, i Chiéu day kéo, o,, | chay, eq | dai tuong __ & nhiet de, “c jae thep Gans mm | RGM | KGiim™ | a8, oT F20 40 | 7 ; ” Khang nhé hon 9r2 (O9Mn2) 4 at - - oer2n oaMnecuy 58 . a a - 4 3 10-20 6 at - 3 3 21-32 30 : 3 142 (C14tAn2y . a ar cy - or 5-9 a7 4 21 - 358) 35 40-20 46 33 : 3 3 ar32 45 3 3 O9T 2S (OSMn2S1) 4 60 35, - | - O9T2CR (O9Mn2S/Cu) 58 50 35 65 4 35 : 10-20 48 33 8 35 3 . 2132 a a 2 6 38 38-60 46 29 6 35 : 61-80 45 28 6 39 . seoviso | 44 2 6 38 - | 10F 204 (10MnSi1) 4 50 38 Poy. 4or 2012 (10Mnsi1Cu) 59 50 35 88 4 3 10-20 49 34 ” 8 3 28 2-32 48 33 8 3 23-80 46 33 los 3 : 61-80 aa 20 6 3 21-100 ro) 6 3 - 18F@ (15Mnv) 4 - 52 38 . - 18F 8 (EMavCU) 54 32 38 ot : 4 - 19-20 48 35 - 3 - 21-32 4a 8 : 3 150 2Ceb (19Mn2SiV) 4 ” - - 15/-2Ca@Q (45Mn2SiVCu) 59 56 40 18 - 4 - 10126 (10Mn2Be) 10-20 - 35 ~ 701 260 (10Mn28eCu) 4 ~ - 59 52 38 at : 4 19, a 3 : TOXCHA (10CrSiNICU) 4 = + - 58 54 40 19 : 5 36 AO-1S) = 4 | a i TSXCHY (15CrSiNCu} a 30 35 . . 59 50 35 an : 4 35 10-20 48 33 - 3 a 21-32 48 38 : 3 : TOXHAN (TOGINGuPap « e 25 2 : ; - 121‘Thép hgp kim két day dén 250 mm, thép cin tinh va Anh bac duge dang thép thanh, thép det, thép « tu (COCT 4543-71) cin néng va ren e6 dutiing kink hose chiéu tt dung @ trang thai phiét luyén véi cae bién trong nganh ché tao may. Co tinh ca cde Toni thép hyp kim két cau vit pham vi sik dung ca ehting duge cho trong cae Ting 2.7 va 2.8 Bang 2.7, Co tink ch thép hop kim két cau mhiét luygn (OCT 4943-712) Gidinan | 89 Sn | Bo gan | that 1 BS dai va! Kich thao? ehay tay, | Keo my, | dat tuang | tong F cap, a, | tatdien ‘ kGimmé | kGimm? | déid.% | adiy, | kKGmicm? | phai dé Nhom thep Mae thé oo nnatiuyen, : en Khang nké hen . 19k (180) sof 70 12 45 7 15 35XA OSCrA i [20x (206°) 65 80 4 40 8 18 20x (2061) 10 90 | 4s 7 8 BOKPA (30C-BAL 139 | 160 8 40 5 : Grom 35x (85€r) 15 98 " 45 7 2 3aKA (26¢ra} 80 | 12 | so 9 25 40X (40Cr) 8e 100 10 45 6B 25 45x (45Cr) 85, 108 9 45 5 25 50x (S960) 90 rio 9 40 4 25 1or (C18) - B 42 26 55 : 25 2or (C20Na} 28 46 2 | 80 25 25F (C25Mn) 30 50 22 | 50 8 5 ‘a0r (c30Mn) ee as 38F (C36Mn) 34 37 we | as 7 28 408 {C40Mn) 368 60 aw | as 6 2% 457 (C45én) 38 83 5 | ae 5 25 Mangan Ser (CS0Mnp 49 66 13 f 40 4 2 yore (10Min2) 25 43 22 | 50 - 25 39F2 (3o¥4n2y | as 69 1s | oes - 2 38f2 (35Mn2) 37 63 13 | 40 - 25 A012 (40Mn2) 39 67 V2 40, - 25 A802 (48Mn2) a 70 VW 40 - 25 5072 (S0Mnz) 4“ 8 " 35 - | i 18XF (18CrMn) 75 90 10 40 . 15 1BXTT (1BCrMAnTiy 39 | 100 8 50 a - 20x (PaCrMnB) 20 100 9 50 8 18 27XTP (27CrMnB) x20 | 140 8 45 6 8 Crome mangan |25XrT @25CrMnTip roo | 130 9 45 6 - BOX (S0CrMATi) nC) 9 so 6 AOXITP (400rMnTIBY 80 160 " 45 8 28 38Xt'@ (35CeMINY) 80 93 14 | 55 8 28 25KTM (25CrMnMo) ne [120 wo | 4 | 6 . 122 inh vong tron hotic canh hinh vudng.Tiép bang 2.7. Gidi han | aban | BA gian | 6 indt | OS dai | Kich thuse chay oy, | kéo a, dai} twang , vadap. | fist dién xGimm? | kGimm? | twang | adi a phoi dé Niém thép Mas thép_ : i a8 % | | kGmiem? ret wwyen : Khong nhé hen 33XG (396"89 19 80 13 50 8 25 Crom -siic | 38xC (38CrSi) 6 95 2 50 1 2 40xe (40018) 110 128 12 40 38 25 15XM (15CrMo} 28 45 a 5S Ww | 30 20%M (20CrMo} 6 Bo. 12 50 9 1s Crom - « 30XM (30CrMo} | 78 a5 a4 45 8 1S melipden va | saxna ACsOCrMom) 75 95 2 60 9 18 motpcen | 98XM (35CrMo) 85 95 12 45 a 26 vanadi 38XM (36CrMo) i 30 100 Ww 45 7 25 : 30X3Me (30Sr9MOV) 85 109 2 55 10 28 i A0XMDA [40CrMoVA) 95 105 13 80 8 2 15X@ (15CrV) | 85 5 13, 58 8 15 Crom -vanagh AOXbA (AOC1VA) 75 90 10 50 9 25 Niken - 15H2M (1 6Ni2Mo} 65 85 1 30, 8 | 15 molipdan | 20H2M (20Ni2Mo) 70 90 10 sot 8 15 20XH (206rNi) 60 89 14 50 8 15 0X11 (60CrN) | 80 100 4 48 7 25 45XH (45CrNi) 86 105 10 45 7 25 SOXH (SOCrNY 90 110 8 49 5 25 | 20XHP (20C1NiB) 100 420 10 50 a AS Gromanikan xa 12XH2 (12C¥Ni2} 80 80 12 50 9 18 12KHA (120rNi3A) 70 98 “ 55 8 18 2OXHRA (20CeNISA) 18 98 12 55 “ 6 T2XZHAA (120r2NiAA) 95 145 10 50 9 8 20K2N14s (2OCr2NiAA) 110 +30 9 48 8 18 S0XHSA (SOCINIIA) a0 400 10 50 6 2 2OXTCA (2001MSiA) 66 60 2 45 7 18 25MECA(25CiMnSIA) ao | 10 4, 10 40 6 15 rom = silic- | mengan va | SOXPC(30CrMInSH) 85 +10 10 45 45 Bs | grom-silic= | 30XTCA (20CrMnSiay as 110 10 48 . 25 | mangan -niken SSXICA25CrMASIA) 130 165 3 40, SOXFCHZA(ZOGrMASINIZA} | 140 168 9 48 8 - Crom - mangan | 15X0H2TA (15CrMnNi2TIA) 7S 98 a) 55 10 1s risen 9a crom 20XTHP (20CrMnNIB} ue 130 0 50 9 8 niken then - | 0X0 HTP(20CrMANiTIB) 100 120 8 50 8 18 [ sexriiaacrMoniy 17 30 12 45 10 Fobang 2.7, i Tf | Séihan | Biben | Bagiin Toomer 58 dai] Kich huge | | (bie | Kee, | eat | wong | vaste, | tet aan Nom thep Mas hen on a oft aren aa ™m ee ikhéne nie hon Grom nikon | F4x2HaniactaGraNisMoay | eo | yap To t0 ae e | ow Tmafiegen | coxHem (20crNiento) 70 30 4 50 a 18 20XHAMA (30CrNi2MoA) 86 160 10 4s 8 18 SOXZH2MA (58Cr2Ni2Moay 95 110 2 50 3 25 40XH2MA (GOCrNI2MOA) 95 110 1 50 é 25 40X2HOMA (40Cr2Ni2Moa} 95 0 9 45 a 25 S8XHIMA {38CINIaMoa} 100, 4910 12 50 8 25 TEXZHAMA (18Cr2Ni4MoA) 85 115 12 50 10, 18 | 25XZHAMA (25Cr2NidMoA) 95 m0 MW 45 a 2 Gren nen | aoxrameAcoamanovay I “39 J “93 | ot ag te | oleden [0x2H2Moaascraniamovay| 11g 120 2 50 8 2 rom: niken- | S8XHIMOA ECNOMEVA) | 419 | a3 12 50 a 8 1 venadi ASXH2MDA (4SCrN2MOVA} | 130 145, 7 a5 4 - | zoxnaga r2ocenievay zo {| 9% | w | 6 | 4p 26 Crom nom | 38X20 (BeGr2Ah er 90 wo [as |e 30 vayerom | Se*2MOA scan as 100 14 50 9 wo | |. moingen _ 7 I i Bang 2.8. Stt dung thép hop kim ket r Nhom thép Mac thép Pham vi sirdung Cram duge thar cacbon 18X (1560, 20x (zecr, ISXA (18CrA) Cac chi tiét khéng lin lam vige co mai mon trong diéu kign ma sét, ap lye riéng va tc dé trung binh Crom dude t9i cai thign | 30x (30Cr}. 38x (35Cr), SOXPA (30CrBA} 36XA, (3BCrA}, 40X (40Cr) 5X (4501), 60X (S0Cr} Sau khi thing hea, t0i edi thign va tang bén bé erat bang 18i cao t2n hode ayanua. duce dung cho cas ei {Nt Chiu ti, Iam vige trong Gidw kién ap luc riéng va 180 6 trung binh va cao, khong ¢6 t3i trong ve dap {Truyén dng ean rang, true vit, tye chiah, true truyén we) 497 {C15Mn), Mangan duce tham sacbon 20% (C20Mn}, 25r(c2sMy ‘Sau khi théim cacbon hoae xyama, dugc ding cha cac chi fiél o@ 6 extng bé mat cao Mangan duge 16i ei thien 30F (C30Mn}, 387 (C35Mn} or (Ca0Mn), 487 {C45Mn} SOF (C5¢Mn), 3072 (30Mn2), 35F2 (35Mn2) ; a0r2 (4oMin2y, S0r2 (50RIn2) Sau khi t6i va ram duzse ding cho cae chi tiét khac nha lam vide trong didu kién by mai mon va tai trong tac dung tong a1 ca, Crom - Mangan duce théin cacbon 18X1 (18CrMn), 49XTT GecrMnTh, 2OXIP (20CrMnB} 27xrP (27CrMnB) 2X0 T (25CrMnTi), BOXET (30CrMnTip, 25XTM (25CMnMo) 124 Dé ché tao ede chi tiét quan trong, lam viée trong did kién téc 46 cao, ap luc riéng trung bind va cao, cé tai | trong va dap, (iruyén dng banh rang trong 6 10, may kéo, truyén déng truc wit, ca cau cam, khop true, bac, true truyén lam vide trang & teugt vv.)Tiép bang 2.8, ° 7 } ham thep Mac thép Pham vi sir dung Crom-mangan cb a | SSxre(ascrmny) ‘Sau khi 64 ci thiBn hoac t0F bé mat bang cong adn tin bén. a6 bén mai men | AOXPTP (4OCrMnTiB $0 cao (cao tn), duusc cing cho eae chi Ut lam vide 6 va d@ thi t0i tong } Ap luc néng va t8e 4 trung binh i cao Crom -sihe 23KC (3CrSip ‘Sau khi tél va ram duce dling cho cac chi fst khong | 38XC (38CrSi) lap, lam viée trang diéu kién (mg sual va Ii wong thay L 40XE (4068s) 81 chi8u wang agi cao. Crom - motipden 15XM (15CrMo), 20XM Sau khi thm cacbon. 161 va rem duge dling cho cae chi (20CMo}, 18X9 (18CrVy ligt lam viée trong aigu kidn cé ma sat, dé b8n va dd dai Crom - vanadi cota [Si tueng 461 cac. tai froma tae dung thay dé chiéu Crom. molipaen va_—| 3OXM (S0CrMo}, 30xMA, ‘Sau khi 161 va vam, duge ding che cée chi tiét chiu tai rom - molipden - (30GIMoA), 38XM (3BCrMo}. | trong cac vanadi co 40 bén va | SOX3NMe (30CraMovy, 69 dai cao 4OXM@A (4OCrMoVA) Crom - vanadi AOK@A (4OCrVA} Sau khi t01 ¢8i thign, due dling cho cdc chi tidt kich thude khong Ién, lam viée trong digu kidr co ma sat va ¥8u cd VE d6 bén cao hon so véi thap cacbon c6 dé bén nang cao Niken - molipden 4&8 | 1SH2M (1SNi2Mo} ‘Sau khi thém cacbon, t6i va ram duge ding cho eae chi béa, do dai va dé tham | 7SHM CSNiMa} lidt quan trong. tam viée trong digu kign Gé 13 trong va ti nang ca 20H2M (2ONi2Mo} dip va thay 46i chiéu 201M (20NiMo) Crom - riken va crom- | 20XH (20CeNi), 20XHP Sau khi thar eacbon, t6i va ram duge ding cho cae chi Bee 09.68 a8 ben. | (2OCINIB, 12xH2 41 2G4NI2), | tigLIén, cat quan trond, chu ta: Nang ed you cou de 29 cai vagy todim toi | 12XH3A (12CrNi3A), cing b6 mal c20, dé bén va dé dai cba lei twang dol rang cao 12X2H4A (12Cr2Ni4A), cao 2OX2HAA (20C-2NidA) Crom=niken e646 | 40xH {49CrNi), a5xH Sau khi thuéng hod, toi cai thién, tél va ram thap, howe bén cae, 88 dai vad | (ASCrNi, SOXH {S0GEND. 165i bé mat baag dong didn tan sé cao, dude ding che thaim 16: sau nang cao | 30XH3A (30C:Ni3A] ce chi tél lén quan trong lam vige trang diéu kién ap Ie riéng va tc 05 cao, 66 141 trong va dap Crom silis- mangan | 20xrca (2CiMnsia}, Sau khi 161, ram thap hogs ram cao duge ding cho cae (Crom - slic mangen_ | 26xPCA (25CrMnsiA} chi tit lam vige trong diéu kién ¢6 mai man, cing nu + nike ) c6-d5 bén dé | JOXICA {80CrMnSiA}, ac eu trGe han quan trong lam vige trong diéu s18n cb dai va chiu maimés | 30XTC (20GrMnsip, {i trong thay di chidu, é mhist 48 dén + 200°C nang cao SSXTCA (S5CIMASiA), BOXPCHZA (30CrMnS NIZA) Grom - mangan ASXTHZTA [1SCrMAnNTIA} | Sau khi thm cachon, t8i va ram (d6i khi kang thém ken = titan va bo.ed | 20XTHP (20CrMnNiB), cacbon) duise ding eho cac chi tiét quan trong, chiu t8i rape 08,081 v8 6 | ZORFHTP 2OCMANITIBY | nang, lam vide 6 te a8 trung binh eng nhut 8 te de thai tg: nang cao (620 va 06 tAi trong va dap Crom - mangan - riken | 38XFH (28CrMnNiy ‘Sau kni 161 c2i thign, 161 va ram thap hodic 101 bé mat 69 46 bén, 36 dai va bang dang dign c& tan s6 cao duge ding cho cac chi 9 thm 181 cae §iét Yn, quan Irgng, chiv t@i nang, €6 hinh dang phite | tap, lam wiée wii t8i trang va cap Grom - niken JAXZHOMA (14Cr2NiGMoA), | Sau khi thm cacbon, t6i va ram duce ding cho cae chi molipden (voniram) c& | 20XH2M (20CrN/2Mop, {rt de biét quen trong, chiu ti nang, co tlét dign an Gobet de dat vad) IBXZHAMA (OCIZNi4MoA), J nd lam vide 6 cas ts 40 a0, 06 tl trong dig deo thai 161 sau eae JOXZHABA (IBCIZNiAWA), | dang. Cac mac thép 25X2H4MA (25Cr2NidMoA} va SOX2HAMA (25Cr2Ni4MOA}, | 25X2HABA (25Cr2Ni4WA) co thé duge ding & trang 25X2HEBA (25Cr2Ni4WA) | | thai tdi cdl thien I 125

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