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To cite this article: A. Laukaitis & L. J. Kunskaitė (1996) INVESTIGATION INTO LOW
DENSITY POROUS CONCRETE PENETRABILITY BY AIR, Statyba, 2:7, 41-45, DOI:
10.1080/13921525.1996.10531654
Article views: 22
A. Laukaitis, w. Kunskaite
l.lvadas 2. Tyrimq metodika
Mafo tankio (250-350 kg!m3) akytieji betonai Bandymams naudojome Paneriq telkinio
pasifymi geromis termoizoliacinemis savybemis, be kvarcini smeij, AB "Akmencementas" 400 markes
to, juos galima panaudoti ir kaip gars~\ portlandcementi ir Vilniaus AB "Silikatas" kalcitines
absorbuojancias medZiagas. Taciau ~ilumos laidumo gabalines kalkes. Jq chemine sudetis pateikiama
bei garso absorbcijos koeficientq nustatymas yra 1 lenteleje.
brangiis ir daug laiko \lZimantys procesai. Smeij male me sausu bfidu vibraciniu malunu M-
Akytqjq betonq savybes priklauso nuo jq tankio 200 iki 250-300 m2/kg savitojo paviriiaus. Maltq
ir gamybos technologiniq veiksniq. Siq veiksniq kalkiq aktyvumas - 71%, gesinimosi trume 16-20 -
pokyciq itakll galima ivertinti ~tyrus akytojo betono min, gesinimosi temperatura - 54°C.
oro laidu~, kuq nustatyti nera sudetinga. Todel PortlandcemenCio ruimosi pradZia - 2 vaL,
labai svarbu nuodugniai ~tirti akytqjq betonq oro pabaiga - 5 vaL 50 min.
laidumo priklausomybc( nuo jq tankio, porodaros ir Dujodariu naudojome aliuminio pudrl\, kurill
Statyba 1996.2:41-45.
ruamosios medZiagos tipq bei nuo formavimo ~inio hidrofilizavome sulfanoliu (20 glkg). Pradine skie-
sudeties. B oro laidumo koeficiento dydZio galima dinio temperatura - 40°C. Bandiniq kietinimo ciklas -
spr~sti ir apie akytojo betono termoizoliacines bei 1,5+8+ 1,5 vaL, vandens garq slegis izoterminio
akustines savybes. ~laikymo metu- 0,79 MPa.
Literaturoje nera daug duomenq apie akytojo Vandens ir kietq medZiagq santyki (V/K)
betono oro laiduml\. Vadoveliuose [1, 2] pateikta formavimo ~iniuose keiteme nuo 0,50 iki 0, 70, o
akytojo betono oro vada, taCiau nenurodyta jos aliuminio pudros kieki - nuo 0,1 iki 0,25% kietq
priklausomybe nuo gaminiq tankio. KFokinas [3) medZiagq mases. Dujq betone smelio ir
~tyre 600-700 kg!m3 tankio putbetonio oro laidu~ ir portlandcemenCio santykis buvo 1:1, o pfrtimosi ir
pateike oro laidumo koeficientq re~mes. Be to, ruimosi procesams intensyvinti pridejome 3% kalkiq.
nurodoma [4], kad 500 kg!m3 tankio dujq Dujq betonui su ~ri~a medZiaga pagaminti
silikatbetonio oro laidumas yra 2,0-2,2 karto didesnis formavimo ~inyje, kuriame smelio ir
uZ 650 kg!m3 tankio dujq silikatbetonio oro laiduml\. portlandcemenCio santykis buvo 1:1, 20, 40, 60 ir 80%
Tiriant 400 kg!m3 tankio dujq silikatbetofli, nustatyta portlandcemencio pakeiteme kalkemis. Kadangi
[5], kad oro laidumas yra tiesiog proporcingas malto autoklavinio kietinimo metu kalkes yra gerokai
smelio smulkumui ir atvirk~ciai proporcingas vandens aktyvesnes l1Z portlandcementi, jq kieki ~rioje
ir kietq medZiagq santykiui (V/K) formavimo ri~amojoje medZiagoje skaiCiavome pagal formul~ [6):
mi~inyje.
K=45£ (1)
Sio darbo tikslas yra ~tirti 250-490 kg!m3 tankio Ao'
akytqjq betonq, kuriq gamybai panaudotas
cia: C - numatytas pakeisti portlandcemencio kiekis,
portlandcementis ir kalkiq ri~amoji medZiaga, oro
kg; K - kalkiq kiekis mi~rioje ri~amojoje medZiagoje,
laiduml\.
kg; Ao - kalkiq aktyvumas, %.
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llentele. Chemine faliavq sudetis
Table 1. Composition of raw materials
Zaliavq Sudetis,%
komponentai SiOz AhDJ FezDJ CaO MgO R20 sen Kaitmenys
1. Smelis 89.77 4.55 0.63 3~10 0.25 0.44 0.46 1.35
2. Kalkes 3.13 0.99 0.16 81.83 1.40 0.59 1.03 10.87
3. Portlandcementis 21.41 6.76 4.86 59.33 2.47 - 1.70 1.74
3. Rezultatai ir jq aptarimas
Dujq betoDo oro laidumo priklausomybes DUO
tankio tyrimo rezultatai pateikti 2 pav. Nustatyta, kad
mafejaDt baDdiniq tankiui, jq oro laidumas dideja.
PavyzdZiui, esaDt V/K=0,6 ir sumafejus gaminiq
tankiui DUO 490 iki 310 kglm3, oro laidumo
koeficieDtas padidejo Duo 2,5·10"7 iki 13,1·10·7
m3/m-s·Pa. DidiDaDt V!K. dujq betoDo oro laidumas
taip pat dideja (2 pav., 1-5 kreives).
EsaDt gaminiq tankiui 350 kg!m3 ir keiaaDtis
1 pav. Oro laidumo nustatymo aparatiiros schema:
V/K DUO 0,5 iki 0,7, oro laidumas padideja nuo
1- vandens bakas, 2 - bakas slegiui sudaryti, 3 - dujq
skaitiklis, 4 - indas oro dregmei pa!alinti, 5 - manometras, 6,6·10-7 iki 12,8·10-7 m3/m·s·Pa. Taaau V/K kitimas
6 - kapsule su bandiniu didesnes itakos turi mafesnio tankio akytojo betono
Statyba 1996.2:41-45.
Fig. 1. Air penetrability determination apparatus scheme: oro laidumui. Tai galima paailkinti tuo, kad
1 - water tank, 2 - pressure tank, 3 - gas meter, 4 - reservoir
for removing air moisture, 5 - manometer, 6 - sample panaudojus akytojo betoDo gamybai letai besihidra-
capsule tuojaDal!: ruanuij11: medfiag11: - portlandcementi,
besipuaaDao formavimo miSinio temperatura yra
Putbetonio formavimo miSiDyje smelio ir Deauldta, o skiedinys ruasi ir kieteja labai letai.
portlaDdcemeDao saDtykis - 1:1, putq kiekis - 1,5- Didesnio tankio gaminiq poretajai struktiirai toks
3,0 dm3/kg, vaDdens ir kietq medZiagq saDtykis letas ruimosi procesas itakos Deturi, joje vyrauja
V/K=0,5-0,8. mafesnio skersmens ir taisyklingesnes sferines formos
BaDdiniq oro laidutrut Dustateme aparatiira, poros. Padidinus formavimo miSinyje vandens kieq,
kurios schema pateikta 1 pav., oro laidumo kei~iasi gaminiq poretoji struktiira, nes susidaro
koeficieDtl!: skai~iavome pagal formul~: didesniq matmeDq deformuotos ir tarpusavyje
. W·o susisiekiaD~ios poros, del to ir padideja oro Iaidumas.
l=--, (2)
!:Jp Dujq betono oro laidumo koeficientas yra
apra8omas sia regresine lygtimi (koreliacijos
~ia: i- oro laidumo koeficieDtas, m3/(m-s·Pa); W- oro
koeficientas 0,973 reikSmingas pagal Stjudento
debitas, m3/(m2·s); B- baDdinio storis, m; llp -
kriterijq 0,05, regresiDe lygtis adekvati su tikimybe
slegio skirtumas, Pa.
0,95, vidutinis kvadratinis nuokrypis 5,83,
Literatiiroje [3, 7] Durodoma, kad akytojo proceDtinis - 9,8):
betoDo oro laidumas priklauso Duo gaminiq porose v)2.33
i =e0.319 . p-3.546 . K , (3)
esaD~io dregmes kiekio. Todet pries Dustatydami (
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175
15.0
1~'1
19
5 If 125 :-•-2
,-.o--3
:g *
] ~ 10.0 .--4
··i····
~"'e. 15
.§r-:-
·aS ~~CT' . - : : ..
...::~~~-'-··
- * 5.0
: . .;..... i
5 25
;
········~~=~:.··
300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500 ~ ~ m m ~ ~ m ru ~
Tankis, kym3 Tankis, kg!m3
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2 lentele. 350 kg/m3 tankio dujq betono oro laidumo koeficientai
Table 2. Porous concrete air penetrability density 350 kg/m3
Ri§amosios medziagos sudetis: Oro laidumo koeficientas x 10-7, m3/m·s·Pa, kai V/K
kalkemis pakeistas
portlandcemencio kiekis, % 0.52 0.58 0.62 0.65
20 4.0 5.6 8.5 12.9
40 5.1 6.9 7.9 8.2
60 8.3 8.2 7.4 5.3
80 12.2 8.7 5.9 3.9
Literatiira
1. B.M.HJibHHCICHA:. CrpoHTeJibHasi renno<PH3mca. M.:
Bhlcmu unmna, 197 4. 309 c.
2. B.T.Enanm. OcHoBu remm<PH3HKH orpD;AIIJOonvc
KOHCTpYJmllA: 3~aHHA:. KHeB-,lloHeUK: H3~. B~>~~na
mKona, 1977, c. 59-62.
3. K.C'P.C'POKHH. CrpOHTeJibHasi TellJIOTeXHHKil Orp~
I<>onvc 11acreA 3,naHHA:. M.: CrpoA:H3rorf, 1973, c. 144-
158.
4. AT .,llBOpR.l{KHH. HCCJie~oBaHHe <l>H3HKo-wexaHJ111e-
cKHX H ~$pMilTHBHHX CBOA:CTB .II'ICHCThiX 6eroHOB B
38BHCHMOCTH OT OCHOBHHX TeXHOJIOI111JecKHX
napaMeTpoB: ABrope<l>. ~c .•. ~- TeXH. Ha)'K:. M.,
1967. 14 c.
Statyba 1996.2:41-45.
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The raw materials composition is given in Table 1. Air penetrability of porous concrete made using a
Fig. 1 represents the air penetrability determination mixed binding material also depends on concrete density
apparatus scheme. and formation mixture V/K ratio (Fig. 3. ).
Air penetrability increases with a decrease of density Cellular concrete air penetrability coefficient values
in porous concrete sample. For example, when V/K=0.6 are given in Fig. 4. Cellular concrete differs from porous
and product density decreases from 490 to 310 kg!m3, the concrete, because its air penetrability coefficient values
air penetrability coefficient increases from 2.5·10-7 to decrease with an increase in V/K ratio. This is the reason
13.1-10-7 m3/m·S·Pa. why cellular concrete air penetrability coefficients are
Porous concrete air penetrability increases with an lower than those of porous concrete. Cellular concrete air
increase in V/K (Fig. 2.). The air penetrability coefficient penetrability coefficient dependency on product density
increases from 6-6-10-7 to 12.8·10-7 m3/m·S·Pa when the and V/K ratio is expressed by equation 4.
product density is 350 kglm3 and V/K changes from 0.5 to
0.7. Changes in V/K have a greater influence on low Antanas LAUKAITIS. Doctor of technical sciences.
density porous concrete air penetrability. That is why, Director of Institute Termoizoliacija. Institute Termoizo-
when slowly hydrating Portland cement is used for porous liacija, 28 Linkmenq St, 2600 Vilnius, lithuania.
concrete production, foaming formation mixture A graduate of Kaunas Polytechnical Institute (1967),
temperature is not high, it binds and is cured very slowly. industrial engineer. Doctor's degree in 1975 (the thesis on
For higher density product pore structures such a slow acoustical products of porous concrete). In 1992
curing process does not have any effects, because small, ALaukaitis worked as a researcher at Swedish universities.
spherical pores prevail. Author of 76 papers, 16 inventions and 4 patents. Research
When the water content is increased in the formation interests: thermal insulating and acoustical products made
mixture, a change in product porous structure is observed, of porous concrete, their technology; heat insulating and
because larger deformed coupled pores are formed and acoustical materials.
therefore the air penetrability increases. An air
penetrability dependency on product density and V/K Lalma Juze KUNSKAITE. Doctor of natural sciences.
regression equation (3) is given. Secretary of Institute Termoizoliacija. Institute Termoizo-
Air penetrability coefficients of porous concrete made liacija, 28 Linkmenq St, 2600 Vilnius, lithuania.
using a mixed binder (lime + Portland cement) are given A graduate of Moscow Lomonosov University (1964).
in Table 2. It has been established, that a 20% Portland Doctor's degree (chemistry) at Vilnius University (1971).
Statyba 1996.2:41-45.
cement equivalent amount of lime in the binder mixture Author of 18 papers, 3 inventions. Research interests:
according to equation 1 and when the V/K ratio increased industrial wastes, lignosulfonates, their use in building
from 0.52 to 0.65, the some density product air materials industry; porous concrete and its additives.
penetrability coefficient of equal density products
increased by 3 times, while the lime content in the binder
increased from 20 to 80% from formation mixture samples
with V/K ratio =0.52.
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