Fabric Filters (Baghouses)

Applications for Fabric Filters Design of Fabric Filters Efficiency of Fabric Filters Estimating costs of Fabric Filters Municipal waste incinerator
Combustion chamber

scrubbers baghouse

Tipping floor

solidwaste.dpwt.com

Brownian Motion (diffusion)

impaction interception

streamlines

Removal mechanisms for particles in a gas stream.

General fabric filter thoughts

Mechanism= INTERCEPTION and IMPACTION and DIFFUSION! (1) Dirty gas flows through fabric bags (2) Fabric filters some particles, particle layer builds up (3) Particle layer provides main filter mechanism (4) Periodically the collected particles are cleaned off fabric (5) Process begins again

solidwaste.dpwt.com

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General fabric filter thoughts

High efficiency for even small particles Wide variety of solid particle types Modular --> flexible design, flexible conditions Low pressure drops
solidwaste.dpwt.com

Take up lots of space Bad for high temperature and corrosivity Bad for moist conditions Potential for fire/explosion Need frequent cleaning Need bag replacement

Mining plant

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What happens to the collected particles?? Shaker Pulse-jet Sonic horn

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Reverse air
Different types of cleaning Main way to identify baghouses Different bag materials (woven vs. felted) Different cleaning frequency

Shaker and reverse air use woven materials

Pulse jet use felted materials

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Woven: Stronger tensile strength Longer time between cleaning (1/2 hr- several hours) Hold more filter cake

Felted: Less tensile strength Short time between cleaning (every few minutes) Abrasive particles, smaller particles always

interior

exterior

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When would I use a fabric filter???

Size classification is not desired High efficiency is required Valuable dry material needs to be recovered Relatively low volumes Relatively low temperatures
Fibreboard plant

Power plants Fertilizer Food processing Paper mills Ore processing

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Fabric filter general design (shaker and reverse air types)

P Pf Pp Ps
fabric particle structure

P V Darcys Law: flow through a viscous substance: x K P=pressure drop [=] N/m2 Dp Df x=depth of substance [=] m V=superficial filter velocity=Q/A [=] m/s K=permeability [=] m2 V m=gas viscosity [=] kg/m-s
Pf D f V Kf Pp Dp V Kp

More about the particles collected on the fabric Mass collected on filter = VAtL = ADp
= (m/s)(m2)(s)(kg/m3) = (kg/m3)(m2)(m) =kg L=dust loading (mass particles/volume gas) =particles density

Dp

LVt

Particle depth increases linearly with time.

S=P/V Filter drag

P V ( LVt)V Kf K p L

Df

W=LVt

Mass particle/ area fabric

For clean filter (K1) and unknown permeability (K2)

S=K1+K2W

S [Pa-min/m]

Ks

S=KsW+Ke
drag mass/area

y=mx+b

Ke
W [kg/m2]

Ke is extrapolated clean filter drag Ks is empirical constant for particles of interest

When maximum filter drag reached: initiate cleaning cycle Recall that filter drag= P/V

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Ke

Gas-to-cloth ratio = Q/A = superficial velocity (V)

Baghouse efficiencyis high

efficiency

loaded

After 10 shakes

clean

Particle diameter

Cleaning house (shaker or reverse air only!)

For a given compartment j: Time online: tj = tf - tr=(N-1)(tr+tc) Dust density/area due to tj Wj=(N-1)(VNLtr +VN-1Ltc)
VN=Q/NAc VN-1=Q/((N-1)Ac)

Pressure drop jumps when one compartment goes off-line to be cleaned C1 clean C2 clean

A
C1 clean

tr

tc

tr tf

tc

tr

Filter drag in comparment j: Sj = Ke + KsWj Actual filter velocity: Vj=fNVN-1 Max pressure drop= Pj = SjVj

The two compartment case: At point A, compartment 1 has been on line for tf tr = tr + tc

tf = filtration time (time between cleaning) tr = run time tc = cleaning time

Fabric filter general design (Pulse jet type)

Can clean bags while bags other bags are collecting dont need compartments no extra bags needed (smaller size, cost) felted bags allow for higher air-to-cloth ratios (less bags, cheaper) less effective cleaning removed dust is resuspended and may not end up in hopper compressed air adds to operating costs

Again, worry about pressure drop across bag and collected particles - purely empirical.

P 2.72W

0.45

1.38

2.34

Pulse pressure

Costs for Fabric Filters

Capital Costs depend on total cloth area, materials and type Basic price (w/o bags) = a1 + b1A (table 6.7) Bag price (function of size, material and number (table 6.8) purchase price = basic price + bag price Total installed cost: ~2.19*1.18*(purchase price)
Operating Costs - depend on power consumption fan power required + cleaning method power