PIDGINS and CREOLES

Yesicha Ryona

A1B011041

PIDGIN

a simplified speech used for communication between people with different languages has a rudimentary grammar and vocabulary and is not spoken as a first or native language, Also called contact language.

PIDGIN
Holm (1988, pp. 45) denes a pidgin as : a reduced language that results from extended contact between groups of people with no language in common; it evolves when they need some means of verbal communication, perhaps for trade, but no group learns the native language of any other group for social reasons that may include lack of trust or of close contact.

PIDGIN

The creation of a pidgin usually requires: Prolonged, regular contact between the different language communities, A need to communicate between them, An absence of (or absence of widespread proficiency in) a widespread, accessible interlanguage.

PIDGIN
An example of early Hawai'i Pidgin English (HPE) spoken in Honolulu in the late 19th century :

What for Miss Willis laugh all time? Before Fraulein cry all time.
(Why does Miss Willis often laugh? Fraulein used to always cry.)

PIDGINIZATION

Pidginization is a complex process of sociolinguistic change comprising reduction in inner form, with convergence, in the context of restriction in use.

PIDGINIZATION
The process of pidginization probably requires a situation that involves at least three languages (Whinnom, 1971), one of which is clearly dominant over the others. If only two languages are involved, there is likely to be a direct struggle for dominance, as between English and French in England after 1066, a struggle won in that case by the socially inferior language but only after more than two centuries of coexistence.

CREOLE

However, if the pidgin is used long enough, it begins to evolve into a more rich language with a more complex structure and richer vocabulary. Once the pidgin has evolved and has acquired native speakers ( the children learn the pidgin as their first language), it is then called a Creole. An example of this is the Creole from Papua New Guinea, Tok Pisin, which has become a National language.

CREOLE

A creole is a pidgin language which has become the mother tone of communitya definition which emphasizes that pidgins and creoles are two stages in a single process of linguistic development.

CREOLE

A creole is believed to arise when a pidgin, developed by adults for use as a second language, becomes the native and primary language of their children a process known as nativization. The pidgin-creole life cycle was studied by Hall in the 1960s.

CREOLE
Road sign in Guadeloupe Creole meaning Slow down. Children are playing here. The literal translation is "Lift your foot. Small people are playing here".

CREOLE

In the United States, there is a very well known Creole, Louisiana Creole, which is derived from French and African Languages. You most likely have heard of "Cajun" which is a developed dialect of this Creole.

CREOLE

a. mo pe aste sa banan b. de bin alde luk dat big tri

I am buying the banana they always looked for a big tree

c. a waka go a wosu
d. olmaan i kas-im chek e. li pote sa bay mo f. ja fruher wir bleiben g. dis smol swain i bin go fo maket

he walked home
the old man is cashing a check he brought that for me Yes at first we remained this little pig went to market

CREOLE

a. mo pe aste sa banan b. de bin alde luk dat big tri

French based Seychelles Creole English based Roper River Creole

c. a waka go a wosu
d. olmaan i kas-im chek e. li pote sa bay mo f. ja fruher wir bleiben g. dis smol swain i bin go fo maket

English based Saran

English based Cape York Creole French based Guyanais
German based Papua New Guinea Pidgin German

English based Cameroon Pidgin

DECREOLIZATION

Decreolization is the process through which a creole

language gradually becomes more like the standard language of a region.

CONCLUSION

The vocabulary of a pidgin or a creole has a great many similarities to that of the standard language with which it is associated. However, it will be much more limited, and phonological and morphological simplication often leads to words assuming somewhat different shapes.