Scribd
Upload
66 views13 pages

Understanding Network Congestion Control

This document discusses mechanisms for congestion control in computer networks. It explains that congestion occurs when the packet arrival rate exceeds the processing rate at routers, leading to longer queues. It then covers several techniques for congestion control, including open-loop prevention and closed-loop removal approaches. Specific congestion control mechanisms for TCP are also summarized, including the slow start, congestion avoidance, and congestion detection phases that govern increases and decreases to the congestion window size.

Uploaded by

umang_shuklait
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
66 views13 pages

Understanding Network Congestion Control

This document discusses mechanisms for congestion control in computer networks. It explains that congestion occurs when the packet arrival rate exceeds the processing rate at routers, leading to longer queues. It then covers several techniques for congestion control, including open-loop prevention and closed-loop removal approaches. Specific congestion control mechanisms for TCP are also summarized, including the slow start, congestion avoidance, and congestion detection phases that govern increases and decreases to the congestion window size.

Uploaded by

umang_shuklait
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SHUKLA UMANG D MTECH 1st IT M12IT16

Traffic descriptor are qualitative values that represent a data flow Average data rate = amount of data/time Peak data rate: the max. data rate of the traffic Max. burst size: the max. length of time the traffic is generated at the peak rate Effective bandwidth: bandwidth that the network needs to allocate for traffic flow

Computer Networks

24-2

Constant-bit-rate (CBR) Variable-bit-rate (VBR) Bursty

Computer Networks

24-3

Congestion: the load on the network is greater than the capacity of the network Congestion control: the mechanisms to control the congestion and keep the load below the capacity Congestion occurs because routers and switches have queues- buffers that hold the packets before and after processing The rate of packet arrival > packet processing time input queue longer The packet departure time < packet processing time output queue longer

Computer Networks

24-4

Packet delay versus network load Delay id composed of propagation delay and processing delay

Computer Networks

24-5

Throughput versus network load Throughput: the number of packets passing through the network in a unit of time

Computer Networks

24-6

Congestion control refers to techniques and mechanisms that can either prevent congestion, before it happens, or remove congestion, after it has happened.
Two broad categories: open-loop congestion control (prevention) and closed-loop congestion control (removal).

Computer Networks

24-7

Retransmission policy and timers must to be designed to optimize efficiency and at the same time prevent congestion
Window policy: Selective Repeat is better than Go-back-N Acknowledgement policy: does not ACK every packet Discard policy: prevent congestion and at the same time may not harm the integrity of the transmission Admission policy: Switch first check the resource requirement of a flow before admitting it to the network

Computer Networks

24-8

Back pressure: inform the previous upstream router to reduce the rate of outgoing packets if congested Choke point: a packet sent by a router to the source to inform it of congestion, similar to ICMPs source quench packet Implicit signaling: slow down its sending rate by detecting an implicit signal concerning congestion Explicit signaling: Backward signaling / Forward signaling

Computer Networks

24-9

TCP assumes that the cause of a lost segment is due to congestion in the network. If the cause of the lost segment is congestion, retransmission of the segment does not remove the causeit aggravates it. The sender has two pieces of information: the receiver-advertised window size and the congestion window size TCP Congestion window

Actual window size = minimum (rwnd, cwnd) (where rwnd = receiver window size, cwnd = congestion window size)

Computer Networks

24-10

Based on three phases: slow start, congestion avoidance, and congestion detection Slow Start: Exponential Increase

In the slow-start algorithm, the size of the congestion window increases exponentially until it reaches a threshold

Computer Networks

24-11

Congestion Avoidance: Additive Increase

The size of the congestion window increases additively until congestion is detected

Computer Networks

24-12

Congestion avoidance: BECN and FECN Backward explicit congestion notification (BECN) Forward explicit congestion notification (FECN)

Computer Networks

24-13

You might also like