Chapter-4

DBMS

Meaning of DBMS
A database management system (DBMS) is a

software package with computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance, and use of a database. It allows organizations to conveniently develop databases for various applications. A database is an integrated collection of data records, files, and other objects. A DBMS provides facilities for controlling data access, enforcing data integrity, managing concurrency control, and recovering the database after failures and restoring it from backup files, as well as maintaining database security.

Definition of DBMS
A database management system (DBMS) is the

software that allows a computer to perform database functions of storing, retrieving, adding, deleting and modifying data. Relational database management systems (RDBMS) implement the relational model of tables and relationships.

Application Development with a DBMS

SQL Queries
4

Data Database Tables Forms, Reports, Programs Database Server Application Server

Users
Developers and Administrators Application Forms

tasks

Application Development
5

Feasibility
Identify scope, costs, and schedule

Analysis
Gather information from users

Design
Define tables, relationships, forms, reports

Development
Create forms, reports, and help; test

Implementation
Transfer data, install, train, review

time

Objectives of DBMS
DBMS (Data Base Management System): Is a system

or computer software that is designed for the purpose to manage information or databases in such way so that data storage and retrieval of information gets easy. The common examples of Data Base Management Systems are Microsoft Access, DB2, Oracle, SQL Server etc.

Objectives of DBMS
There are some common goals while using DBMS.

(1) Security. (2) Backup and Replication. (3) Change and Access Logging. (4) Automated Optimization. (5) Policy Enforcement. (6) Query Ability. (7) Meta Data Repository. (8) Computation.

Advantages of Database Approach

8

Minimal data redundancy.

Data consistency.
Integration of data. Sharing of data.

Enforcement of standards.
Ease of application development. Uniform security, privacy and integrity.

Data independence.

Drawbacks of old File methods

9

Uncontrolled Duplication

Wastes space Hard to update all files

Inconsistent data Inflexibility

Hard to change data Hard to change programs

Limited data sharing Poor enforcement of standards

Poor programmer productivity

Excessive program maintenance

How do you sell a DBMS approach?

10

Applications change a lot, but same data.

Need for ad hoc questions and queries.

Need to reduce development times. Need shared data.

Improve quality of data.

Enable users to do more development.

Disadvantages of DBMS

Database systems are complex, difficult, and time

consuming to design Substantial hardware and software start-up costs Damage to database affects virtually all applications programs Extensive conversion costs in moving form a filebased system to a database system Initial training required for all programmers and users

Uses of Databases for integration across functional areas

Major database functional areas:

1.
2. 3.

4.
5. 6.

7.

Data models Early data models Relational model Entity-relationship model Object model Object relational model XML as a database data model

Data Models
A data model is an abstract structure that provides

the means to effectively describe specific data structures needed to model an application. As such a data model needs sufficient expressive power to capture the needed aspects of applications. These applications are often typical to commercial companies and other organizations (like manufacturing, human-resources, stock, banking, etc.).

Early data models

These models were popular in the 1960s, 1970s, but

nowadays can be found primarily in old legacy systems. They are characterized primarily by being navigational with strong connections between their logical and physical representations, and deficiencies in data independence. 1. Hierarchical model 2. Network model 3. Inverted file model

Relational model