An Introduction of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)

Outline

History of 3GPP LTE Basic Concepts of LTE Introduction of LTE Protocol Compare with LTE and LTE-Advanced Conclusion

What is LTE ?

In Nov. 2004, 3GPP began a project to define the long-term evolution (LTE) of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) cellular technology

Higher performance Backwards compatible Wide application

Evolution of Radio Access Technologies

802.16m 802.16d/e

LTE (3.9G) : 3GPP release 8~9 LTE-Advanced : 3GPP release 10+

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LTE Basic Concepts

LTE employs Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) for downlink data transmission and Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) for uplink transmission

Multipath-Induced Time Delays Result in Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI)

y(t ) S (t ) S (t m) n(t )
y(t) : output signal S(t) : input signal S(t-m) : delayed m time input signal n(t) : noise
y(t) S(t-m) S(t)

Equalizers in Receiver

Against Frequency Selective Fading

Channel transform function Hc(f)

y(t ) S (t ) S (t m)

H c ( f ) 1 e j 2fm

Equalizers transform function Heq(f) (Receiver)

1 1 Hc ( f ) H c ( f ) 1 e j 2fm
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Frequency Selective Fading

the coherence bandwidth of the channel is smaller than the bandwidth of the signal

Frequency Correlation > 0.9 Bc = 1 / 50 is r.m.s. delay spread

It may be useless for increasing transmission power

Cyclic Prefixes

FDM vs. OFDM

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LTE-Downlink (OFDM)

Improved spectral efficiency Reduce ISI effect by multipath Against frequency selective fading

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LTE Uplink (SC-FDMA)

SC-FDMA is a new single carrier multiple access technique which has similar structure and performance to OFDMA
A salient advantage of SCFDMA over OFDM is low to Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) : Increasing battery life 12

Multi-antenna techniques

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Generic Frame Structure

Allocation of physical resource blocks (PRBs) is handled by a scheduling function at the 3GPP base station (eNodeB)

Frame 0 and frame 5 (always downlink)

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Resource Grid

One frame is 10ms 10 subframes

One subframe is 1ms 2 slots One slot is 0.5ms N resource blocks [ 6 < N < 110] One resource block is 0.5ms and contains 12 subcarriers from each OFDM symbol
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LTE spectrum (bandwidth and duplex) flexibility

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LTE Downlink Channels

Paging Control Channel

Paging Channel

Physical Downlink Shared Channel

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LTE Uplink Channels

Random Access Channel

CQI report
Physical Uplink Shared Channel Physical Radio Access Channel
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LTE Release 8 Key Features (1/2)

High spectral efficiency

OFDM in Downlink SingleCarrier FDMA in Uplink Short setup time & Short transfer delay Short hand over latency and interruption time 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz
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Very low latency

Support of variable bandwidth

LTE Release 8 Key Features (2/2)

Compatibility and interworking with earlier 3GPP Releases FDD and TDD within a single radio access technology Efficient Multicast/Broadcast

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Evolution of LTE-Advanced

Asymmetric transmission bandwidth Layered OFDMA Advanced Multi-cell Transmission/Reception Techniques Enhanced Multi-antenna Transmission Techniques Support of Larger Bandwidth in LTEAdvanced
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Asymmetric transmission bandwidth

Symmetric transmission

voice transmission : UE to UE streaming video : the server to the UE (the downlink)

Asymmetric transmission

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Layered OFDMA

The bandwidth of basic frequency block is, 1520 MHz Layered OFDMA radio access scheme in LTE-A will have layered transmission bandwidth, support of layered environments and control signal formats

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Advanced Multi-cell Transmission/Reception Techniques

In LTE-A, the advanced multi-cell transmission/reception processes helps in increasing frequency efficiency and cell edge user throughput

Estimation unit Calculation unit Determination unit Feedback unit

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Enhanced Multi-antenna Transmission Techniques

In LTE-A, the MIMO scheme has to be further improved in the area of spectrum efficiency, average cell through put and cell edge performances In LTE-A the antenna configurations of 8x8 in DL and 4x4 in UL are planned

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Enhanced Techniques to Extend Coverage Area

Remote Radio Requirements (RREs) using optical fiber should be used in LTE-A as effective technique to extend cell coverage

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Support of Larger Bandwidth in LTE-Advanced

Peak data rates up to 1Gbps are expected from bandwidths of 100MHz. OFDM adds additional sub-carrier to increase bandwidth

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LTE vs. LTE-Advanced

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Conclusion

LTE-A helps in integrating the existing networks, new networks, services and terminals to suit the escalating user demands LTE-Advanced will be standardized in the 3GPP specification Release 10 (LTE-A) and will be designed to meet the 4G requirements as defined by ITU
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Backup

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LTE Downlink Logical Channels

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LTE Downlink Logical Channels

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LTE Downlink Transport Channel

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LTE Downlink Transport Channel

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LTE Downlink Physical Channels

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LTE Downlink Physical Channels

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LTE Uplink Logical Channels

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LTE Uplink Transport Channel

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LTE Uplink Physical Channels

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