Fundamentals of Digital Electronics Combinational Circuit

Chapter 16

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Chapter Objectives
Explain multiplexer and demultiplexer

Explain encoder and decoder

Identify the application of encoder and decoder List the use of combinational circuit in computer

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Recall
Logic circuit is a collection of individual logic gates that

are connected with each other and form a logic design

There are various logic gates such as AND, OR, NOT,

NAND, NOR, Ex-OR and Ex-NOR

AND, OR and NOT gates are known as basic gates

NAND and NOR gates are known as universal gates

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Multiplexer - I
Multiplex means many into one A multiplexer is a circuit used to select and route any

one of several input signals to a single output

The two types of multiplexers are: Analog Digital

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Multiplexer - II
For analog applications, multiplexers are built of

relays and transistor switches.

For digital applications, they are built from standard

logic gates
The multiplexer used for digital applications, also

called digital multiplexer, is a circuit with many inputs but only one output

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Question for GD

Time Limit-2mins

What is a multiplexer?

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Multiplexer - III
The types of multiplexers are as follows:

2-to-1 Multiplexer 4-to-1 Multiplexer 8-to-1 Multiplexer 16-to-1 Multiplexer

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Multiplexer - IV
The diagrammatic representation of a multiplexer is

shown below:

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Question for GD

Time Limit-2mins

What is the IC Number for 16:1 Multiplexer?

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Application of Multiplexer
Multiplexers are used in various fields where multiple

data needs to be transmitted using a single line

Following are some of the applications of

multiplexers: Communications system Telephone network Computer memory Transmission from the computer system of a satellite
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Question for GD

Time limit-2mins

List down the applications of the Multiplexer.

1.
2. 3.

4.

__________ __________ __________ __________

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Demultiplexer - I
Demultiplex means one into many A demultiplexer is a circuit with one input and many

outputs
The types of multiplexers are as follows:

1-to-2 Multiplexer 1-to-4 Multiplexer 1-to-8 Multiplexer 1-to-16 Multiplexer

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Demultiplexer - II
The diagrammatic representation of a demultiplexer

is shown below:

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Question for GD

Time Limit-2mins

What is De-Multiplexer?

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Application of Demultiplexer
Demultiplexer is used to connect a single source to

multiple destinations
Following are some of the applications of

multiplexers:

Communications systems ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) circuits Serial to parallel converter

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Question for GD

Time Limit-2mins

List down the applications of the

Demultiplexer
1.

2.
3. 4.

_________ _________ _________ _________

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Encoder - I
An encoder is a circuit with multiple inputs which

generates a unique address at its output that is, it converts an active input signal to a coded output signal
If only one input is active at a time, then the encoding

is straightforward and can be accomplished with gates.

However, if more than one input is active at the same

time, a priority must be established, and such a unit is called a priority encoder
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Encoder - II
The diagrammatic representation of an encoder is

shown below:

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Question for GD

Time Limit-2mins

What is encoder and what is the IC number

for BCD encoder?

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Application of Encoder
An encoder being a circuit that can generate coded

output signals from the input signals provided; its main application areas consist in the fields of compression and encryption of data.
Following are the applications of encoder:

Data compression Data encryption Conversion of data from one code to another

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Decoder - I
A decoder is a circuit with no data input, but accepts

only the control inputs and generates many outputs

The basic function of a decoder is conversion of

coded data into original data

The logic circuit is called a 1 of 16 decoder because

only 1 of the output lines will be high

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Decoder - II
For example, when ABCD is 0001, only the Y1 AND

gate has all inputs high. So the output is Y1. If ABCD changes to 0100, only the Y4 AND gate has all inputs high, so the Y4 output goes high

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Question for GD

Time Limit-2mins

What is the difference between demultiplexer

and decoder

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Applications of Decoder
A decoder functions just the reverse of an encoder.

Generally, decoders are used to convert the data coded by encoders into its original form.
This process of retrieving original data is used for

various applications, which are as follows: Memory address decoding Seven segment display

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Use of combinational circuit in computers - I

Combinational circuits are used in computers to do

Boolean algebra on stored data and on input signals. For example the part of an ALU (arithmetic logic unit) of computer performs mathematical calculations using combinational logic circuit.
Computer components such as multiplexers and

demultiplexers are combinational circuits.

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Use of combinational circuit in computers - II

Encoder and decoders are used to secure the data in

computer. Encoder can convert the data and their address into another code that is not readable to others.
Data compression can be done by using encoder. It

reduces the size of data. Thus we can save the memory space.
Combinational circuits can be used to control buffers,

register circuits, read/write memory operations etc.

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Question for GD

Time Limit-2mins

What is the use of Combinational circuits?

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Summary - I
A multiplexer is a circuit with many inputs but only

one output
Few types of multiplexers are 2-to-1, 4-to-1, 8-to-1

and 16-to-1 multiplexer

The applications of multiplexers are communications

systems, computer network, telephone network, computer memory, and data transmission from the computer systems of satellites or spacecrafts

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Summary - II
A demultiplexer is a circuit with one input and many

outputs
Few types of demultiplexers are 1-to-2, 1-to-4, 1-to-8

and 1-to-16 demultiplexer

The applications of demultiplexers are the

communications systems, reconstruction of parallel data from incoming serial data stream and ALU circuits
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Summary - III
An encoder is a circuit that converts an active input

signal to a coded output signal

The applications of encoders are compressing data,

encrypting the input, and converting the input from one code to another
A decoder is similar to a demultiplexer, with one

exception - there is no data input

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Summary - IV
The applications of decoders are data multiplexing,

memory address decoding and 7 segment display

Combinational circuit used in computer to do Boolean

algebra and in ALU to do mathematical calculations.

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Mind Map
Draw the mind map to summarize this

chapter

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