Fat Embolism Syndrome

A syndrome consists of triad of Respi + Neurological + Petechial Rash Cause : closed fracture of long bones ( femoral shaft ) onset : 2-3 days after # Common in young men Life threatening Close > Open Multiple # > single #

pathophysiology
# -> non-reduced # fat globules from marrow enter leg veins pulmonary and systemic circulationsplt n rbc aggregation FFA inflammation injury to endothelium ARDS

Diagnosis
Major criteria - Respi - CNS - Petechial rash over chest Minor criteria -anaemia -thrombocytopenia - tachycardia - hypoxemia < 8 kpa

Investigation : Lab tests are not gold standard !!

CBC Serum lipase Microscopic exam of urine , sputum , blood CXR snow storm appearance

Management : generally supportive

Prevention : rapid # reduction Supportive : 02 supplementation or mechanical ventilation.I.V hydration