Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Psychological
Interview Non-Verbal detection Statement Assessment Hypnosis
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Reading people
Emotion, Personality, Character, Motivation, Deception
Interview
Communication Modes
Words, Paralanguage, Non-verbal cues, Artifacts, Use of time, Use of space, Physiological responses
Warning Signs
Attempts to hide information ,Attempts to delay, Attempts to distract, Unusual behavioral cues, Statements that dont make sense, Attempts to sell, Motivations to lie
Non-Verbal detection
Voice pitch is higher increased grooming gestures frequent swallowing fast or shallow breathing increased rate of eye blinks increased body movements and postural shifts pupil dilation rigid posture Stiff and rigid posture Increases in microexpressions Closed rather than open body posture
Statement Assessment
False statements have
Few details An unusually large number of details
What is hypnosis
Hypnosis comes from the Greek hypnosis It means sleep But it is not sleep or waking Normal waking transition hypnosis transition normal waking state
Applications of Hypnosis
Stage hypnosis - entertainment Clinical Hypnosis - clinical Behavioural hypnosis
Biological hypnosis
Requirement of hypnosis
Freedom from fear Willingness Confidence in the hypnotist Motivation + expectation +imagination = Hypnosis
Laws of Suggestibility
The law of concentrated attention
(more we concentrate on something, the more likely something will happen. ex-advertisement in TV)
Forensic Hypnosis
Natural hypnosis Artificial hypnosis
Narco analysis Truth serum technique Memory recovering technique
General Procedure
Sodium amytal or sodium pentothal Inject slowly 5% to 10% solution Establish the semi narcotic state Question the subject Additional amount can be introduce if required. Under the observation of anesthetist, physician, Psychologist, and investigation officer
Physiological
Voice Stress Analyzer Polygraph Thermal imaging
Background
All physiological changes are controlled by Autonomic nervous system (i) Sympathetic and (ii) Parasympathetic Most of the living organisms have a tendency of fight-or-flight when they encounter danger. Due to this, there are some changes that occur in the physiological level. When the brain is stressed the human body secretes hormone adrenaline, or epinephrine. These hormones stimulate the circulatory system and the sympathetic nervous system to divert blood from other organs to muscles.
REACTION TO STIMULI
PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
F L I G H T
F I G H T
S T A Y
Background Contd
The breathing rate and the blood flow rate increases so that the muscles can get more oxygen. Deception is the emotion that produces above physiological changes in humans. The blood flow in the eyes and ears increases. Parasympathetic system re-establishes the chemical balance of the body with-in a few seconds
Rest
Blood vessel dilation Peristalic Action Achieve relaxation Pupils are reactive Heart relaxation
Activity
Vessel constriction Peristalic absence Pupils dilate Heart acceleration Hiperventilation
Peaceful Environment
Present Threat
present in the smooth muscle in the voice box that contracts, causing the vocal chords to emit between 8 - 14 Hertz which is related to the level of stress that the person experiences.
PRINCIPLES
It is more difficult to lie than to say the truth
Anxiety and guilty knowledge from lying produce known physiological changes (MICRO-TREMOR) The JEOPARDY effect: Fear of losing what has been achieved with great difficulty or, the contrary, negative, punishing action of the law or community.
Computerized Polygraph
Polygraph
The respiratory system : it will record thoracic breathing and abdominal breathing through convoluted rubber tubes. Galvanic Skin response : Two small sensors are connected to the fingers to record the filling up of sweat glands. The Cardiac system : it will simultaneously record blood volume and pulse rate.
Polygraph Chart
Question type
Irrelevant Questions: essentially questions which will give the examiner a truthful answer. Ex:- Is you name Rohan ?. Ans. should be Yes. Control Questions: Questions on which all subjects will be potentially untruthful. Ex:- Before this year, did you ever lie to someone who trusted you ?Ans. should be No. Relevant Questions: Questions for which the examiner wants a result. Ex:- Did you steal that car ?(primary involvement), Did you help any body to steal that car? ( secondary involvement), Do you know who stole that car?(guilty knowledge), Do you know where that car is now?(evidence connecting). Ans. should be No
Test methods
MGQT(Modified General Question Technique): to identify level of involvement ( primary involvement, secondary involvement, Guilty Knowledge & connecting evidence)and to cover total crime ZCT (Zone comparison Technique): It is used to compare the level of involvements Ranking : It is used to know other people`s involvement or importance.
Preparation of Examinee
Examinee should take full rest before the examination day Examinee`s consent should be taken before coming for examination Normal food should be consumed by the examinee Examinee should not be under the influence of any drug or intoxication on examination day Subject should be physically fit for test
Rights of examinee
Allowed to bring his/her own lawyer No one allowed to be present in interview room or test room. They can see from one side glass He/she can bring his person to write consent of the subject, if illiterate. He/she authorized to know about the polygraph instrument before the test
Thermal Imaging
Facial image acquired by accurate midinfrared camera Transform the thermal data to blood flow rate data Classifies the subject deceptive or nondeceptive.
Neurological
Study of brain electrical activity(brain finger print) Brain mapping
HUMAN EXPERIENCE
PERCEPTION
ACTIONS - RESPONSES
EMOTIONS
EXPERIENCE
Participation Voluntary / Forced Being there Sharing Personal Involvement Personal Knowledge Emoting directly
PRIMARY ENCODING
1. It takes place only during Experience
2. It is a Neuropsychological Event
BRAIN FINGERPRINT
of the Experience.
Relevant information is also shared by many who may be connected with the event, or who have merely come to know of it because it has happened in their proximity.
Neutral words Randomly selected and not connected to the crime under investigation.
Evidence
Directly from the Suspects Brain
Brain Mapping
Glucose activity increases in brain areas being used Activity is detected by fRMI scan
Red & yellow = very active Blue = less active
CONCLUSION
Detection Lies is not an easy task, that does not mean that detecting lies is impossible There is no technique superior or inferior. All the techniques will be used for detection of deception accordingly as per expert ability and suspects behavior.