START UP 2: Unit 10.

CONDITIONALS

CONDITIONALS:
Conditional forms are used to speak about past, present, and future situations that depend on other events happening. For example: Peter will buy a car if he gets a raise. Buying a car depends on Peter receiving a raise. If Carla studied more, she would pass the exam. Passing the exam depends on Carlas studying.

There are four types of conditional sentences. These are:

ZERO CONDITIONAL FIRST CONDITIONAL SECOND CONDITIONAL THIRD CONDITIONAL

CONDITIONALS:
Conditional sentences consist of two parts the situation and the result. If demand grows, well increase production. SITUATION RESULT If I won the lottery, I would travel to Europe. SITUATION RESULT We can change the order of the sentence without changing the meaning. Well increase production if demand grows. RESULT SITUATION I would travel to Europe if I won the lottery. RESULT SITUATION

ZERO CONDITIONAL:

Situations that are always true if something happens. For example: If you heat ice, it melts (derretirse). SITUATION RESULT If there is a shortage of any product, prices for that product go up. I take a taxi if I miss the bus in the morning. In zero conditional sentences, IF can be replaced with WHEN. For example: When you heat ice, it melts. Uses the present tense. YOU refers to people in general.

Zero Conditional match the sentences to thier functions.

1. 2.

3.
4.

5.

If water is heated to 100 degrees, it boils. If you click on the blue button, the answers appear If the weather is nice, I cycle to work. If the traffic light changes to red, drivers have to stop. If you are out of work, you are entitled to unemployment benefits.
Facts/general truths Scientific laws Rules Habits and routines Instructions

___ B ___ E ___ D

C ___

___ A

a. b. c. d. e.

FIRST CONDITIONAL:

FIRST CONDITIONAL:

Used for real or possible situations which will occur if a certain condition is fulfilled/occurs. = If it rains, I will stay home. Well increase production if demand grows.

Form: IF + PRESENT TENSE, WILL/WONT + VERB

SITUATION

RESULT

If the morning flight is full, I will travel in the afternoon. I will complain to the manager if it is necessary.

FIRST CONDITIONAL:

SHOULD, CAN, COULD MIGHT, MAY, MUST AND GOING TO can be used instead of WILL If it rains, I will stay home. Staying home is a good If it rains, I should stay home. idea If it rains, I might stay home. Maybe I will stay at home Im not able to leave home If it rains, I cant go out. If it rains, Im going to stay home. I plan to stay home I have an If it rains, I must stay home.

obligation/necessity to stay home (ie. Im very sick)

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF

YOUR HEALTH AND SAFETY GUIDE TO THE FIRST CONDITIONAL. LOOK AT THE PHOTOS AND SAY WHAT WILL HAPPEN

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF HE EATS TOO MANY HAMBURGERS?

IF HE EATS TOO MANY HAMBURGERS, HE WILL GET FAT.

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF HE BITES THE WIRE?

IF HE BITES THE WIRE, HE WILL GET A SHOCK.

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF YOU LISTEN TO LOUD MUSIC TOO MUCH?

IF YOU LISTEN TO LOUD MUSIC TOO MUCH, YOU WILL GO DEAF.

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THE BOAT LEAVES?

IF THE BOAT LEAVES, THE CAR WILL FALL INTO THE WATER.

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF HE TOUCHES THE PAN?

IF HE TOUCHES THE PAN, HE WILL GET BURNT.

WHAT WILL HAPPEN YOU DRIVE TOO FAST?

IF YOU DRIVE TOO FAST, YOU WILL GET A SPEEDING TICKET.

WHAT MIGHT HAPPEN IF YOU DONT WEAR SAFETY BOOTS?

IF YOU DONT WEAR SAFETY BOOTS, YOU MIGHT GET HURT.

WHAT MIGHT HAPPEN IF YOU DONT USE EAR PROTECTION?

IF YOU DONT USE EAR PROTECTION, YOU MIGHT GO DEAF.

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF YOU DONT PUT ON SUN CREAM?

IF YOU DONT PUT ON SUN CREAM, YOU WILL GET SUNBURNED.

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THEIR PARACHUTE DOESNT OPEN?

IF THEIR PARACHUTE DOESNT OPEN, THEY WILL DIE.

LOOK AT THE PICTURE. HOW MANY DANGERS CAN YOU SEE?

If someone opens the door, the lady will fall off the chair.

SECOND CONDITIONAL:

Used when we imagine what might happen in the future. Often called the unreal conditional because it is used for unreal impossible or improbable situations. The conditional provides an imaginary result for a situation. If I were the president, I would lower taxes. Form:

IF + PAST TENSE, WOULD/WOULDNT + VERB

IMAGINARY SITUATION RESULT

If I taught this class, I wouldnt give tests. They would buy a new house if they had enough money.

SECOND CONDITIONAL:
Complete the sentences with the second conditional.
1. 2. 3.

4.

5.

6.

7. 8.

were would get If I ________ (be) you, I __________ (get) a new job. were would travel If he ________ (be) younger, he __________ (travel) more. If we ________ (not be) friends, I __________ (be) angry with werent would be you. had would reinvest If we ________ (have) more resources, we ____________ (reinvest) them in employee development. If I ________ (speak) perfect English, I ________ (be) a spoke would be director. would have didnt buy She ____________ (have) more money if she __________ (not buy) so many clothes. would call had He ___________ (call) her if he ________ (have) her number. didnt eat If you __________ (not eat) so much junk food, you __________ (lose) weight quicker. would lose

FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE 2ND CONDITIONAL:

Did you hear about that guy who won 180 million dollars in the lottery? If I (win) _______ that much money, I (quit) won would quit __________ my job the next day. I (travel) __________ would travel aound the world and (stay) __________ in the most stay luxurious hotels. If I (want) __________ anything, I (buy) wanted __________ it. If I (see) __________ a beautiful would buy saw would buy Mercedes that I wanted, I (buy) __________ it. If I wanted to stay in a beautiful hotel and the hotel (be) ________ full, I (buy) __________ the hotel. I (can do) was would buy could do had _________anything if I (have) _______ 180 million dollars. I could do good things with the money too. If needed would give anybody (need) _________ help, I (give) __________ them some money and I (donate) ____________ money would donate to charities.

If you found a suitcase with $1,000,000, what would you do?

If I found a suitcase with $1,000,000, I would

If you could live anywhere, where would you live?

If I could live anywhere, I would live in

If you could change one thing in the world, what would it be?

If I could change one thing in the world, I would

If you could date a celebrity, who would you choose?

If I could date a celebrity, I would date

If you could travel back in time, where would you go?

If I could travel back in time, I would go to

If you were offered a good job with good pay in another part of the country, would you take the job?

If I were offered a good job in another part of the country, I

If you bumped your car into a parked car, would you leave your name and address?

If I bumped my car into a parked car, I

FIRST OR SECOND CONDITIONAL?

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the first or second conditional.
1.

2. 3.

4.
5. 6. 7.

If they go to Washington, they _________ (see) the White WILL SEE House. HAD If she _______ (have) a hamster, she would call him Fred. If he gave her a candy, she _____________ (stop) crying. WOULD STOP ARRIVES If he __________ (arrive) later, he will take a taxi. SPOKE We would understand him if he _______ (speak) slowly. Andy ____________ (cook) dinner if we buy the food. WILL COOK If you hate walking in the mountains, you ____________ (not WONT ENJOY enjoy) the tour.

THIRD CONDITIONAL:
Yesterday

THIRD CONDITIONAL:

Used when we imagine doing or changing something in the past. If it had been sunny yesterday, I would have gone to the beach. Form:

IF + PAST PERFECT, WOULD/WOULDNT + HAVE + VERB TENSE

IMAGINARY SITUATION IN THE PAST

RESULT

If you had told me about the problem, I would have helped you. I wouldnt have broken my arm if I hadnt slipped on the stairs.

THIRD CONDITIONAL:

We can could instead of would. Compare: If I had had enough money, I would have bought a car. If I had had enough money, I could have bought a car. WOULD expresses a desired result, COULD expresses a possible result (it was possible to buy other things) We can also use I wish and If only.
I wish I had money for a new car.

If only I had money for a new car.

Fill in the gaps to make sentences with the third conditional:

had been If I ______ ______ alive 2000 years ago, would have been I _____ _____ _____ a Roman

If / the thief / run faster / the police / not catch him

If the thief had run faster, the police wouldnt have caught him.

If / the Titanic / miss the iceberg / it / not sink

If the Titanic had missed the iceberg, it wouldnt have sunk..

He stayed in the sun too long and got sunburned.

If he hadnt stayed in the sun too long, he wouldnt have got burned.

He arrived late and missed the train.

If he had arrived earlier, he wouldnt have missed the train.

He forgot his umbrella and got wet.

If he hadnt forgot his umbrella, he wouldnt have got wet.

She drank so much coffee yesterday that she couldnt sleep last night.

If she hadnt drank so much coffee she would have been able to sleep last night.

She got a virus on her laptop becuase she didnt install an antivirus.

If she had installed an antivirus, she wouldnt have got a virus.

Make a third conditional sentence with the information given.

For example: I wasnt late for work yesterday. If I had been late for work yesterday, I would have missed the morning meeting.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Tom asked my permission before he borrowed my car. I dont have enough energy today. Ocean water is salty. People dont have wings. You didnt ask for my opinion. Most nations support trade agreements.