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DEFINITIONS FOR GDP

There

are three ways to define

GDP.

Each definition is conceptually identical.

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DEFINITIONS FOR GDP

I.

GDP is equal to the total expenditures for all final goods and services produced within the country in a stipulated period of time (usually a 365-day year).
GDP is equal to the sum of the value added at every stage of production (the intermediate stages) by all the industries within a country, plus taxes less subsidies on products, in the period. GDP is equal to the sum of the income generated by production in the country in the periodthat is, compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, and gross operating surplus (or profits)

II.

III.

DEFINITIONS FOR GDP

I.

GDP is equal to the total expenditures for all final goods and services produced within the country in a stipulated period of time (usually a 365-day year).

II.

GDP is equal to the sum of the value added at every stage of production (the intermediate stages) by all the industries within a country, plus taxes less subsidies on products, in the period.
GDP is equal to the sum of the income generated by production in the country in the periodthat is, compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, and gross operating surplus (or profits)

III.

DEFINITIONS FOR GDP

I. II.

GDP is equal to the total expenditures for all final goods and services produced within the country in a stipulated period of time (usually a 365-day year). GDP is equal to the sum of the value added at every stage of production (the intermediate stages) by all the industries within a country, plus taxes less subsidies on products, in the period.

III.

GDP is equal to the sum of the income generated by production in the country in the periodthat is, compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, and gross operating surplus (or profits)

GDP = C + I + G+(X-M) OR GDP = consumption + gross investment + government spending + (exports imports)

Gross" means that depreciation of capital stock is not subtracted out of GDP. If net investment (which is gross investment minus depreciation) is substituted for gross investment in the equation above, then the formula for NET DOMESTIC PRODUCT is obtained. Consumption and investment in this equation are expenditure on final goods and services. The exports-minus-imports part of the equation (often called net exports) adjusts this by subtracting the part of this expenditure not produced domestically (the imports), and adding back in domestic area (the exports).

Consumption

Gross Investment

GDP
Government Spending
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(Exports Imports)

GDP = C + I + G+(X-M)
Where : C : Consumption I : Investment G : Government spending X : Exports M : Imports

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: consumption

Includes

::
expenditures mainly consists of:

Personal

food households medical expenses rent, etc.

For

example, if a hotel is a private home then renovation spending would be measured as Consumption.

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I : investments by business or households in capital.

Example, If you spend money to renovate your hotel so that occupancy rates increase, that is private investment.
Includes: Construction of a new mine. Purchase of machinery or equipment for factory. Purchase of software. Expenditure on new houses. Buying goods and services.
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NOTE:: Investments on financial products is not included in Investments.

G : Total government expenditures on final goods and services. Includes ::

Investment expenditure by the government. Purchase of weapons for the military Salaries of public servants.

Example: if a government agency is converting the hotel into an office for civil servants the renovation spending would be measured as part of public sector spending (G).

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X : Gross Exports. Includes ::

all goods and services produced for overseas consumption.

Example, If a domestic producer is paid to make the chandelier for a foreign hotel, the payment would be counted in gross export.
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M : gross imports.
Includes ::

any goods or services imported for consumption

Example, If the renovation of hotel involves the purchase of a chandelier from abroad, that spending would be counted in gross imports.
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INDIAN ECONOMY-FACTS ON INDIA GDP

The Indian economy is the 11th largest in the world. Ranks 5th pertaining to purchasing power parity (PPP) acc. to World Bank The GDP of India in the year 2007 was US $1.09 trillion. India is the one of the most rapidly growing economies in the world. The growth rate of the India GDP was 9.4% per year.
16 Per capita income in India is $964 at nominal and $4,182 at PPP

INDIA CURRENTLY HAS THE 11TH LARGEST GDP IN THE WORLD

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ACCOUNTING FOR 1.6% OF THE GLOBAL GDP IN 2002

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AND RANKS 26TH IN THE WORLD BY TOTAL TRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES (US$ BILLION, 2002)

WTO: US$ billion, 2002 19

INDIA HAS BEEN ONE OF THE FASTEST GROWING ECONOMIES IN THE WORLD OVER THE LAST 20 YEARS
Annual average growth rates of 10 fastest growing economies over 1980-2002 excl. small countries (pop < 10 million)

Source: WDI 20

PROJECTING GDP USING HISTORICAL GROWTH RATES, INDIA WOULD BE THE 6TH LARGEST ECONOMY IN 2050

WDI: Constant 1995 US$ billion 21

USING HISTORICAL GROWTH RATES, INDIA WOULD BE THE 10TH LARGEST TRADER IN 2050

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STRENGTHS OF GDP
Broadest indicator of economic output and growth. Takes inflation into account, allowing for comparisons against other historical time periods.
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LIMITATIONS OF GDP
TO JUDGE THE HEALTH OF AN ECONOMY

Underground economy
Official GDP does not take into account the underground economy, That is transactions contributing to production, such as illegal trade and tax-avoiding activities, are unreported, causing GDP to be underestimated.

Sustainability of growth

GDP does not measure the sustainability of growth. People may buy cheap, low-durability goods over and over again, or they may buy highdurability goods less often. It is possible that the monetary value of the items sold in the first case is higher than that in the second case, in which case a higher GDP is simply the result of greater inefficiency and waste. GDP excludes activities that are not provided through the market, such as household production and volunteer or unpaid services. As a result, GDP is understated. Unpaid work conducted on Free and Open Source Software (such as Linux) contribute nothing to GDP, but it was estimated that it would have cost more than a billion US dollars for a commercial company to develop.

Quality of goods

Non-market transactions

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ALTERNATIVES TO GDP

Human Development Index (HDI)

Calculations uses: GDP, Indicators of life expectancy and education levels.

Happy Planet Index

It is an index of human well-being and environmental impact. Measures the environmental efficiency with which human well-being is achieved within a given country or group.

Wealth Estimates Private Product Remaining European Quality of Life Survey

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Gross National Happiness

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