Image Denoising using Wavelet

Thresholding Techniques
Submitted by
Yang Yang
9024553282
Introduction
Image denoising: Removing unwanted noise in order to
restore the original image.
Wavelet transform provides us with one of the methods
for image denoising.
Wavelet transform, due to its excellent localization
property, has rapidly become an indispensable signal
and image processing tool for a variety of applications,
including denoising and compression.
Wavelet denoising attempts to remove the noise present
in the signal while preserving the signal characteristics,
regardless of its frequency content.
Introduction
It involves three steps:
a linear forward wavelet transform
nonlinear thresholding step and
a linear inverse wavelet transform
Methods Used
Universal Thresholding
Visu Shrink
Sure Shrink
Bayes Shrink
Wavelet Thresholding
Wavelet thresholding (first proposed by Donoho) is a
signal estimation technique that exploits the capabilities
of wavelet transform for signal denoising.
It removes noise by killing coefficients that are
insignificant relative to some threshold.
Researchers have developed various techniques for
choosing denoising parameters and so far there is no
best universal threshold determination technique.
Types
Universal or Global Thresholding
Hard
Soft
SubBand Adaptive Thresholding
The soft thresholding operator is
defined as

D(U, ) = sgn(U)max(0, |U| - )

Soft thresholding shrinks
coefficients above the threshold in
absolute value.
The transfer function of the same
is shown here.

The hard thresholding operator is
defined as

D(U, ) = U for all |U|>

Hard threshold is a keep or kill
procedure and is more intuitively
appealing.
The transfer function of the same is
shown here.
Hard & Soft Thresholding
The threshold

(N being the signal length, being the noise
variance) is well known in wavelet literature as
the Universal threshold.
It is the optimal threshold in the asymptotic
sense and minimizes the cost function of the
difference between the function and the soft
thresholded version of the same in the L2 norm
sense.
It is useful for obtain a starting value when
nothing is known of the signal condition.
Universal or Global Thresholding
o N
UNIV
ln 2 =
Results with Hard & Soft Thresholds
(Universal thresholding)
VisuShrink is thresholding by applying the
Universal threshold proposed by Donoho
and Johnstone.
This threshold is given by

where is the noise variance and M is the
number of pixels in the image.
For denoising images, VisuShrink is found
to yield an overly smoothed estimate.
M log 2 o
VisuShrink
Results with Visu Shrink
SURE Shrink
SUREShrink is a thresholding by applying subband adaptive
threshold.
It is based on Steins Unbiased Estimator for Risk (SURE), a
method for estimating the loss in an unbiased fashion.
Let wavelet coefficients in the jth subband be { Xi : i =1,,d }
For the soft threshold estimator

we have



Select threshold t
S
by
) (

i t i
X X q =
{ } ( )
2
1
, min : # 2 ) ; (

=
+ s =
d
i
i i
t X t X i d X t SURE
) ; ( min arg X t SURE t
S
=
Bayes Shrink
BayesShrink is an adaptive data-driven
threshold for image denoising via wavelet
soft-thresholding.
We assume generalized Gaussian
distribution (GGD) for the wavelet
coefficients in each detail subband.
We then try to find the threshold T which
minimizes the Bayesian Risk.
Results with SURE & Bayes Shrink
Comparison based on minimum MSE
Image Denoising MSE vs Methods
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Bayes
SHRINK
SURE
SHRINK
Defaul Hard Default Soft Visu Shrink
Hard
Visu Shrink
Soft
Methods
M
S
E
Haar level 1
db5 level1
db5 level2
db5 level3
db5 level4