EEE 4211 Microprocessor and I/O System

SAP-1

SAP-1 control Signals

Instruction

T1
Ep Lm Ep Lm Ep Lm

T2
Cp Cp Cp

T3
Ce Li Ce Li Ce Li

T4
Ei Lm Ei Lm Ei Lm

T5
Ce La Ce Lb Ce Lb

T6
X Eu La Su La

LDA

ADD
SUB

OUT
HLT

Ep Lm
Ep Lm

Cp
Cp

Ce Li
Ce Li

Ea Lo
X

X
X

X
X

State Equations
Ep= T1 Cp= T2 Lm= T1+ T4.LDA+T4.ADD+T4.SUB Ce= T3+ T5.LDA+T5.ADD+T5.SUB Li= T3 Ei= T4.LDA+T4.ADD+T4.SUB La= T5.LDA+T6.ADD+T6.SUB Ea= T4.OUT Su= T6.SUB Eu= T6.ADD Lb= T5.ADD+T5.SUB Lo= T4.OUT

Implementation of HLT

LDA I7 I6 I5 i4 ADD Instruction Decoder 4-16 SUB OUT HLT Oscillator/ Clock Generator CLK

Microprogramming
Reduces the complexity of control circuit. In Microprogramming, microinstructions are stored in a ROM instead of producing them with hardwired control matrix.

Construction of Microinstruction for SAP-1

For LDA, at t1, the states of control Signals are: Cp=0 Ep=1 Lm=1 Ce=0 Li=0 Ei=0 La=0 Ea=0 Su=0 Eu=0 Lb=0 Lo=0 So the Controller has to generate the control word/ Microinstruction 0110 0000 0000 or 600h In this way, microinstructions will be generated and stored in the control ROM.

SAP-1 Control ROM

Address
0H 1H 2H 3H 4H 5H 6H 7H 8H 9H AH

CON
5E3H BE3H 263H 1A3H 2C3H 3E3H 1A3H 2E1H 3C7H 1A3H 2E1H

Routine
Fetch

Active
Ep,Lm' Cp CE',Li' Lm',EI' CE',La' None Lm',EI' CE',Lb' La',Eu Lm',EI' CE',Lb'

LDA

ADD

SUB

BH
CH DH EH FH

3CFH
3F2H 3E3H 3E3H X X OUT

La',Su,Eu
Ea,Lo' None None NOT USED

SAP-1 Address ROM

Address
0000 0001

Contents
0011 0110

Routine
LDA ADD

0010
0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110

1001
XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX 1100

SUB
NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE OUT

1111

XXXX

NONE

Microprogrammed Controller circuit

I7 I6 I5 I4

Address ROM 16X4 T3

Load

T1
CLR

Presettable CLR Counter

Control ROM

12 bit

 What is the motivation behind Microprogramming? With complete block diagram briefly explain the controller/sequencer design using microprogramming technique. Control word of the controller/sequencer is given. Specify SAP-1 Control ROM and Address ROM contents.