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From birth -3 months you can expect to see a typically developing child:
Coo and goo when content Use differentiated cries Vocalize single syllables Blow bubbles
From 4-6 months you can expect to see a typically developing child:
Use vocal play when playing Use speech like babbling to self and others Babble sounds with p, b, and m (putting lips together) Babble some double syllables Begin to use nasal sounds Make urgent noises to prompt adults to action Vocalize pleasure and displeasure Stop vocalizing when an adult enters the room Coo, cluck, gurgle, and laugh
From 7-9 months you can expect to see a typically developing child:
Babble with sounds changing to include more consonants n,t,d,b,p,z Babble with sounds like singing Reduplicate babbling babababa Imitate intonation and speech sounds Use vocal play with intonation patterns
Vocalize during play Vocalize into a mirror Use a vowel consonant ratio of 2:1 Imitate intonation and phrase patterns Use first words
Use Jargon Use echolalia Omit final consonants and some initial consonants Be unintelligible except for a few words Use words produced with CV emerge Accurately imitate some words Use twenty-one phonemes
Use more words than jargon (usually gone by 2 years) Ask questions by raising intonation at the end of a phrase Improve intelligibility 65% intelligible by 2 years Develop words produced with CVC
Use twenty-five different phonemes Use beginning consonants Be 70% intelligible to listeners Omit final consonants Reduce consonant blends Substitute one consonant for another Emergent use of final consonants in words Use lower and more stable pitch
Use some substitutions and distortion of consonants Continue to improve intelligible speech to 80 % Masters consonants: p,m,n,w,h
Use final consonants most of the time No longer producing the phonological processes: consonant assimilation, doubling, final consonant deletion, prevocalic voicing, reduplication, unstressed syllable deletion, velar fronting Mastery of 2/3 of adult speech sounds Use speech which is 75% intelligible
Be intelligible with connected speech Continue to refine articulation skills Master consonants: b,d,k,g,f,v Continue the phononlogical processes after 3 years of cluster reduction, final devoicing, gliding, and stopping
Use most consonants sounds consistently and accurately, thought not mastered in all contexts Have more errors in difficult blends
By knowing and understanding typical speech development, we are able to target specific developmentally appropriate speech sounds and to provide the listening opportunities to develop those sounds.