FIBONACCI SERIES AND GOLDEN RATIO

D.SUMITHA

Golden ratio
The Golden ratio is a special ratio. Phi (lowercase) is used to refer to this ratio, and the value is , which is approximately 1.618. The uppercase phi ( )is used for the reciprocal of the golden ratio, which is 1/ Phi can be expressed using a line segment. We make it such that the ratio of B to A+B is equal to the ratio of A to B.

Application
Many designs used in buildings, sculptures and paintings use the Golden Ratio for their dimensions. Architects and artists tend to use them often as they are considered very pleasing to the eye. For example, the Parthenon uses the golden ratio for its construction. Another example is the Mona Lisa painting.

Parthenon

Mona lisa painting

Cont
The golden ratio also determines how attractive a person is. For example, the American pop singer and actress Jessica Simpson is attractive because the proportion of her face fits geometrically on the human face mask which conforms to some aspect of the Golden Ratio.

Fibonacci number
The Fibonacci numbers are part of a sequence: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21 and so on. As can be seen, each number is the sum of the two numbers before it, after the first two numbers. The Fibonacci sequence is named after Leonardo of Pisa, an Italian mathematician also known as Fibonacci. The

Origin
Fibonacci first thought of the sequence as a solution to a problem he posed in a book he wrote, Liber Abaci. The problem was to find out the number of rabbits produced in a rabbit population which starts from a single newly-born pair. It is assumed that each pair produces another pair every month, they each become productive from the second month onwards and the rabbits never die.

Relation to Golden ratio

There are many different ways in which the Fibonacci sequence is related to the Golden Ratio. Firstly, the further you go to the right of the sequence, the more the ratio of one term to the one before it estimates the Golden Ratio

 The table below shows the first few numbers and their ratios:
First number 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 Second number 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 Ratio 1.0000 2.0000 1.5000 1.6667 1.6000 1.6250 1.6154 1.6190 1.6176

55
89

89
144

1.6182
1.6180

Graphical Representation
To describe this graphically, we can use squares. Start with a 1 by 1 square. Then, add another square of the same size. Subsequently, add squares whose sides are equal to the longest side of the existing rectangle. After we do this four times, we get a rectangle similar to the following:

Cont ..
The rectangle gets increasingly closer to the golden rectangle, where the ratio of the width to the height is the Golden Ratio. If we draw a quarter circle in each of the squares, we get a Fibonacci spiral as such:

Ref: http://scienceray.com/mathematics/geometry/the-golden-ratio-andthe-fibonacci-sequence/#ixzz2IaN7T8nF

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