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Subject : PHYSICS Topic : E.M.I. &A.C.

Index 1. Key Concepts 2. Exercise I 3. Exercise II 4. Exercise III 5. Exercise IV 6. Answer Key 7. 34 Yrs. Que. from IIT-JEE 8. 10 Yrs. Que. from AIEEE

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KEY CONCEPTS
Page 2of16 E.M.I.&A.C.

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Whenaconductorismovedacrossamagneticfield,anelectromotiveforce(emf)isproducedinthe conductor.Iftheconductorsformspartofaclosedcircuitthentheemfproducedcaused an electric currenttoflowroundthecircuit.Henceanemf(andthusacurrent)isinducedintheconductorasaresult ofits movementacrossthemagneticfield.Thisisknownas"ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION."

1.

MAGNETIC FLUX:
= B . A = BA cos weber for uniform B. = B .dA fornonuniform B . FARADAY'S LAWS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION: Aninducedemfissetupwheneverthemagneticfluxlinkingthatcircuitchanges. Themagnitudeof theinduced emf inanycircuit isproportionaltotherateofchangeofthemagnetic d fluxlinkingthecircuit, . dt LENZ'S LAWS : Thedirectionofaninducedemfisalwayssuchastoopposethecauseproducingit. LAW OF EMI : d e= .Thenegativesignindicatedthattheinducedemfopposesthechangeoftheflux. dt EMF INDUCED IN A STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR IN UNIFORM MAGNETIC FIELD: E = BLV sin voltwhere B=fluxdensityinwb/m2 ; L=lengthoftheconductor(m); V=velocityoftheconductor(m/s); =anglebetweendirectionofmotionofconductor&B.
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2. (i) (ii)

3.

4.

5.

6.

COIL ROTATION IN MAGNETIC FIELD SUCH THAT AXIS OF ROTATION IS PERPENDICULAR TO THE MAGNETIC FIELD: Instantaneousinducedemf. E = NAB sin t = E0 sin t , where N=numberofturnsinthecoil ; A =areaof oneturn ; B=magneticinduction ; =uniformangularvelocityofthecoil; E0=maximuminducedemf. SELF INDUCTION & SELF INDUCTANCE : Whenacurrentflowingthroughacoil ischangedtheflux linkingwithitsownwindingchanges&dueto thechangein linkingfluxwiththecoilanemfisinducedwhich isknownasselfinduced emf&this phenomenonisknownasselfinduction.ThisinducedemfopposesthecausesofInduction.Theproperty ofthecoilorthecircuitduetowhichitopposesanychangeofthecurrent coilorthecircuitisknownas SELF INDUCTANCE.It'sunitisHenry. CoefficientofSelfinductanceL= s or s = Li i

7.

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Ldependsonlyon; (i) (ii)

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shape of the loop

&
Page 3of16 E.M.I.&A.C.

medium i=currentinthecircuit. s=magneticfluxlinkedwiththecircuitduetothecurrenti. d di d s self induced emf es = dt = dt (Li) = Ldt (if L is constant)

8.

Mutualinductance=M=

d m d dI Em = dt = (MI) = M (If M is constant) dt dt Mdependson(1)geometeryofloops(2)medium(3)orientation&distanceofloops.

9. SOLENOID : Thereisauniformmagneticfieldalongtheaxisthesolenoid (ideal:length>>diameter) B = ni where; =magneticpermeabilityofthecorematerial; n=numberofturnsinthesolenoidperunitlength; i=currentinthesolenoid ; Self inductance of a solenoid L =0n2Al; A = area of cross section of solenoid . SUPER CONDUCTION LOOP IN MAGNETIC FIELD : R = 0 ; = 0. Therefore total = constant. Thus in a superconducting loop flux never changes. (or it opposes 100%) (i) ENERGY STORED IN AN INDUCTOR :
1 LI2 . 2 Energyof interationoftwoloops U =I1 2=I2 1=MI1I2, whereMismutualinductance.

10.

11.

W= (ii)

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m flux linked with sec ondary = mutuallyinducedemf. current in the primary Ip

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MUTUAL INDUCTION : Iftwoelectriccircuitsaresuchthatthemagneticfieldduetoacurrentinoneispartlyorwhollylinked withtheother,thetwocoilsaresaidtobeelectromagneticallycoupledcircuits.Thananychangeof current in one produces a change of magnetic flux in the other & the latter opposes the change by inducinganemfwithinitself.ThisphenomenoniscalledMUTUALINDUCTION &theinducedemfinthe lattercircuitduetoachangeofcurrentintheformeriscalledMUTUALLY INDUCED EMF.The circuit inwhichthecurrentischanged,iscalledtheprimary&theothercircuitinwhichtheemfisinducedis called the secondary. The co efficient of mutual induction (mutual inductance) between two electromagneticallycoupledcircuitisthemagneticfluxlinkedwiththesecondaryperunitcurrentinthe primary.

12.

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(i) (ii)

L behaves as open circuit at t = 0 [ If i = 0 ] L behaves as short circuit at t = always . Curve (1) Curve (2) L Large R L Small R Currentatanyinstant i=I0eRt/L

13.

DECAY OF CURRENT : Initialcurrentthrough theinductor=I0 ;

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GROWTH OF A CURRENT IN AN L R CIRCUIT : E (1 eRt/L) . [ If initial current = 0 ] I= R L =timeconstantofthecircuit. R E I0 = R .

EXERCISEI
Page 5of16 E.M.I.&A.C.

Q.1

Thehorizontalcomponent oftheearthsmagneticfieldataplaceis3104Tandthedipistan1(4/3). A metal rod of length 0.25 m placed in the north-south position is moved at a constant speed of 10cm/stowardstheeast.Findthee.m.f. inducedintherod.
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Q.2

Awireformingonecycleofsinecurveismovedinx-yplanewithvelocity
V = Vx i + V y j.Thereexistamagneticfield B = B0k .Findthemotional emfdevelopacrossthe endsPQofwire. Aconductingcircularloopisplacedinauniformmagneticfieldof0.02T,withitsplaneperpendicularto thefield.Iftheradiusoftheloopstartsshrinkingataconstantrateof1.0mm/s,thenfindtheemfinduced intheloop,at theinstantwhentheradiusis4cm. Findthedimensionofthequantity
L ,wheresymbolshaveusualmeaining. RCV

Q.3

Q.4

Q.5

Q.6

Two concentricandcoplanarcircularcoilshaveradiiaandb(>>a)asshowninfigure. ResistanceoftheinnercoilisR.Current intheoutercoilisincreased from0toi,thenfindthetotalchargecirculatingtheinnercoil.

Q.7

Ahorizontalwireisfreetoslideontheverticalrailsofaconductingframeasshown infigure.Thewirehasamassmandlengthlandtheresistanceofthecircuit isR.If auniformmagneticfieldBisdirectedperpendiculartotheframe, thenfindtheterminalspeedofthewireasitfallsundertheforceofgravity. Ametalrodofresistance20 isfixedalongadiameterofaconductingringofradius0.1mandlieson x-y plane. There is a magnetic field B = (50T)k. The ring rotates with an angular velocity =20rad/secabout itsaxis.Anexternalresistanceof10 isconnectedacrossthecentreofthering andrim.Findthecurrentthroughexternalresistance.

Q.8

Q.9

Inthegivencurrent,findtheratio of i1to i2wherei1istheinitial(at t=0) current andi2issteadystate(at t=)currentthroughthebattery.

Q.10

Inthecircuitshown,initiallytheswitchisinposition1foralongtime. Thentheswitchisshiftedtoposition2foralongtime.Findthetotal heat producedinR2.

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Arectangularloopwithaslidingconnectoroflengthl=1.0missituated inauniformmagneticfieldB=2Tperpendicularto theplaneofloop. Resistanceofconnectorisr=2.Tworesistancesof6 and3are connectedasshowninfigure.Findtheexternalforcerequiredto keep theconnectormovingwithaconstant velocityv=2m/s.

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