Toddlers 1 to 3 years

Physical development
Toddlers The face Toddlers The
are usually chubby, with relatively short legs and a large head. appears small when compared to the skull. have a pronounced lumbar lordosis and a protruding abdomen. two-year-olds can be expected to weigh approximately four times their birth weight.

The

weight gain is about 2 kg (2 to 5 lb.) between 2 and 3 years. weighs about 13.6 kg (30 lb.) & 2 years, the average growth in height is 10 to 12 cm (4 to 5 in.) 2 & 3 years it slows to 6 to 8 cm (2 to 3 in.).

The 3-year-old Between ages 1 Between The By

head circumference of the toddler increases about 2. 5 cm (1 in.) on average each year. 24 months the head is 80% of the average adult size & the brain is 70% of its adult size.

Health risks
Injuries
-Automobile crashes -Drowning -Burns -Poisoning -Falls

Visual

Problems

-Amblyopia

-Strabismus

Dental

Caries

-Tooth Surface -Streptococcus mutans bacterium -Carbohydrates

Respiratory

Tract & Ear Infection

Pre-schoolers 4 and 5 years

Physical development
Appear taller and thinner than toddlers. The posture is gradually change as the pelvis
straightened. is

The abdominal muscles become stronger. By 5 years they have added only another They
year.

3 to 5 kg (7 to 12 lb.) to their 3-year-old weight. grow about 5 to 6.25 cm (2.0 to 2.5 in.) each

By

4 years of age they double the birth length and measure about 102 cm (41 in.).

vision
Hyperopic Emmetropic Myopic

Normal

vision for the 5-year-old is approximately 20/30.

Health risks
Respiratory Tract Problems Communicable Diseases Accidents Dental Caries Congenital Abnormalities

School-age children
6 to 12 years

Physical development
Gains weight rapidly and appears less thin than
previously.

At 6 years boys tend to weigh about 21 kg (46 lb.),

about 1 kg (2 lb.) more than girls.

The weight gain from 6 to 12 years of age averages

about 3.2 kg (7 lb.) per year.

The major weight gains from age 10 to 12 for boys &

from 9 to 12 for girls.

By 12 years of age boys & girls weigh on the

average 40 to 42 kg (88 to 95 lb.).

 Both boys & girls are about the same height, 115 cm (46 in.). They are about 150 cm (60 in.) by 12 years. Girls maybe taller than boys at 12 years. The extremities tend to grow more quickly than the trunk. The depth & distance perception of children 6 to 8 years of
age is accurate.

By age 6 children have full binocular vision.

Health risks
Communicable Diseases Dental Caries Accidents Overweight