MTE 427 MACHINE DESIGN

Fundamentals of Gears
Pichet Pinit
7 Sep, 2008
Template provided by

Gear

Gears are toothed cylindrical wheels used for transmitting mechanical power from one rotating shaft to another.
Several types of gears are in common use. Four principal types of gears are: Spur gears Helical gears Bevel gears Worm gears.
Page 2

Type of Gear

Gears are toothed cylindrical wheels used for transmitting mechanical power from one rotating shaft to another.
Several types of gears are in common use. Four principal types of gears are: Spur gears Helical gears Bevel gears Worm gears.
Page 3

Type of Gear

Gears are toothed cylindrical wheels used for transmitting mechanical power from one rotating shaft to another.
Several types of gears are in common use. Four principal types of gears are: Spur gears Helical gears Bevel gears Worm gears.
Page 4

Type of Gear

Gears are toothed cylindrical wheels used for transmitting mechanical power from one rotating shaft to another.
Several types of gears are in common use. Four principal types of gears are: Spur gears Helical gears Bevel gears Worm gears.
Page 5

Type of Gear

Gears are toothed cylindrical wheels used for transmitting mechanical power from one rotating shaft to another.
Several types of gears are in common use. Four principal types of gears are: Spur gears Helical gears Bevel gears Worm gears.
Page 6

Gear Materials and Useful Ratios

Page 7

Common Gear Types and Pinion Shafts

Page 8

Load Distribution on Gear Faces

Page 9

Nomenclature of Spur Gear

Page 10

Nomenclature of Spur Gear

Pitch circle. This is a theoretical circle on which calculations are based. Its diameter is called the pitch diameter.

Page 11

Nomenclature of Spur Gear

Circular pitch. This is the distance from a point on one tooth to the corresponding point on the adjacent tooth measured along the pitch circle.

Page 12

Nomenclature of Spur Gear

Tooth thickness. This is the distance from a point on one face of tooth to the corresponding point on the adjacent face of the same tooth measured along the pitch circle.

Page 13

Nomenclature of Spur Gear

Module. This is the ratio of the pitch diameter to the number of teeth. The unit of the module should be millimeters (mm). The module is defined by the ratio of pitch diameter and number of teeth.

Page 14

Nomenclature of Spur Gear

Diametral pitch. This is the ratio of the number of teeth to the pitch diameter. Thus, it is the reciprocal of the module. Since diametral pitch is used only with U.S. units, it is expressed as teeth per inch.

Page 15

Nomenclature of Spur Gear

Addendum, a. This is the radial distance from the pitch circle to the outside of the tooth. Dedendum, b. This is the radial distance from the pitch circle to the bottom land.
Page 16

Nomenclature of Spur Gear

Clearance circle. This is a circle that is tangent to the addendum circle of the mating gear. Clearance, c. This is the is the amount by which the dedendum in a given gear exceeds the addendum of its mating gear.
Page 17

Conjugate Action
Mating gear teeth acting against each other to produce rotary motion are similar to cams. When the tooth profiles, or cams, are designed so as to produce a constant angular velocity ratio during meshing, these are said to have conjugate action.

Page 18

Involute Profile
Mating gear teeth acting against each other to produce rotary motion are similar to cams. When the tooth profiles, or cams, are designed so as to produce a constant angular velocity ratio during meshing, these are said to have conjugate action. One of these solutions is the involute profile, which, with few exceptions, is in universal use for gear teeth.

Page 19

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: gear ratio

When two gears are in mesh, their pitch circles roll on one another without slipping. Then the pitch-line velocity must be constant. Designate the pitch radii as and and the angular velocities as and , respectively.

Gear ratio
Page 20

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: gear drawing

gear layout

pressure angle

The angle is called the pressure angle, and it usually has values of 20 or 25 degree, with the 20 degree form most widely available.
Page 21

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: gear drawing

Page 22

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: gear drawing

Page 23

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: important parameter

Page 24

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: important parameter

Page 25

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: interference (Length of contact)

Length of contact Non-standard gear: Standard gear:

Page 26

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: interference (Length of contact)

Interference will occur when

or or

Page 27

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: contact ratio

Gears should not generally be designed having contact ratios less than about 1.40, because inaccuracies in mounting might reduce the contact ratio even more, increasing the possibility of impact between the teeth as well as an increase in the noise level.

Contact ratio. It is a number that indicates the average number of pairs of teeth in contact. Note that this ratio is also equal to the length of the path of contact divided by the base pitch.

Page 28

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: interference (Smallest Teeth Number)

Interference will occur when the points of tangency of the pressure line with the base circles C and D are located inside of points A and B. The smallest number of teeth on a spur pinion and gear, one-to-one gear ratio, which can exist without interference is

where k = 1 for full-depth teeth, 0.8 for stub teeth and = pressure angle.
Page 29

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: interference (Smallest Teeth Number)

Interference will occur when the points of tangency of the pressure line with the base circles C and D are located inside of points A and B. If the mating gear has more teeth than the pinion, that is,

is more than one, then the smallest number of teeth on the pinion without interference is given by

Page 30

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: interference (Smallest Teeth Number)

Interference will occur when the points of tangency of the pressure line with the base circles C and D are located inside of points A and B. The largest gear with a specified pinion that is interference-free is

Page 31

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: interference (Smallest Teeth Number)

Interference will occur when the points of tangency of the pressure line with the base circles C and D are located inside of points A and B. The smallest spur pinion that will operate with a rack without interference is

Page 32

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: Tooth System

The smallest spur pinion that will operate with a rack without interference is

Page 33

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: Tooth System

Page 34

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: Gear Force Analysis

Page 35

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: Gear Force Analysis

Page 36

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: Gear Force Analysis

Page 37

Fuandamentals of Gear Design: Gear Force Analysis

Ex.

Ex.

Page 38