Cell Boundaries and Movement

Cell membranes Structure: contain a flexible lipid bilayer with imbedded protein molecules and carbohydrate molecules Function: Substances move across the cell membrane through
A.) lipid bilayer B.) protein channels C.) assistance of protein molecules D.) Processes of endocytosis and exocytosis

Cell Barriers

Cell Barriers
Cell Walls
Structure: made mostly of tough carbohydrate fiber called cellulose Function: Cell walls support and protect cells; cell walls are porous and allows substances to move through easily

Types of Movement Through Cells

A.) Diffusion B.) Osmosis C.) Facilitated Diffusion D.) Active Transport

Diffusion
Substances move across the cell membrane from areas of high solute concentration to areas of low solute concentration until equilibrium is reached No energy required Substances continue to move back and forth across the membrane once equilibrium is reached

 The diffusion of water across a cell membrane Types of osmotic solutions

Hypotonic Isotonic Hypertonic

Osmosis

Concentration
Concentration of a solution is the mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume A Solute is a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution

Which way will the water move?

Hypotonic Solution
the solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell so water moves into the cell causing plant cells to swell and animal cells to swell and burst

Animal Cell

Lower solute concentration outside cell

Lower solute concentration Plant Cell

Lower solute concentration outside cell

Isotonic Solution
The concentration of solutes is equal inside and outside the cell so water moves across the membrane in both directions maintaining cell size

Animal Cell

Equal solute concentration inside and outside cell Plant Cell

Equal solute concentration inside and outside cell

Hypertonic Solution
The solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell so water moves out of the cell and into the solution causing the cell to

Animal Cell

higher solute concentration outside cell

Plant Cell

plasmolyze
higher solute concentration outside cell

Facilitated Diffusion
A) Substance specific protein channels allow movement of molecules such as glucose to move across the membrane in either direction B) Substances still move high concentration to low concentration and no energy is required

Active Transport
Characteristics:
Movement of substances is against the concentration gradient Energy is required !

Types of Active Transport

Molecular transport Endocytosis Exocytosis

REMEMBER: Requires ATP Energy!

Active Transport Molecular Transport

Molecular transport: Protein molecules act like energy requiring pumps to move molecules and ions across membranes

Active Transport Endocytosis

Endocytosis Materials are taken into the cell by means of forming in the cell membrane. The pocket becomes a vacuole inside the cell

Active Transport Exocytosis

Exocytosis materials are moved out of the cell when a vacuole fuses with the cell membrane forcing its contents out of the cell