Highlights

Introduction of MPEG Introduction of MPEG2 - Main characteristics Basic Architecture of MPEG2 Encoder Optimisation opportunities and Existing Approaches & techniques Motivational factors - For improvement in Encoder Implementation of Encoder formatter sub-modules as per ITU-R BT656 Simulations & Results Conclusions Future Scope of Work References

Introduction of MPEG

What is MPEG?? MPEG-2 is a standard for "the generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information".

It describes a combination of lossy video compression and lossy audio data compression methods which permit storage and transmission of movies using currently available storage media and transmission bandwidth.

What is Encoding?? MPEG encoding is the process of capturing (digitizing) or converting (reencoding) video and/or audio to one of several MPEG video and/or audio standards for distribution (Internet, LAN) or for archiving to optical disc (CD, DVD). What are Implementations Options ??

MPEG encoding can be done purely in software, or by using an MPEG capture card or a video editing card with in-built MPEG encoding capabilities, or via a dedicated hardware encoder like those built-into DVD-Video recorders.

Introduction of MPEG2 - Main characteristics

MPEG-2 is widely used as the format of digital television signals that are broadcast by terrestrial (over-the-air), cable, and direct broadcast satellite TV systems. It also specifies the format of movies and other programs that are distributed on DVD and similar discs. MPEG-2 standards were published as parts of ISO/IEC 13818. Each part covers a certain aspect of the whole specification.

Part 1 Systems describes synchronization and multiplexing of video and audio. (It is also known as ITU-T Rec. H.222.0. Part 2 Video compression codec for interlaced and non-interlaced video signals (Also known as ITU-T Rec. H.262). Part 3 Audio compression codec for perceptual coding of audio signals. A multichannel-enabled extension and extension of bit rates and sample rates for MPEG-1 Audio Layer I, II and III of MPEG1 audio. Part 4 Describes procedures for testing compliance. Part 5 Describes systems for Software simulation. Part 6 Describes extensions for DSM-CC (Digital Storage Media Command and Control). Part 7 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC). Part 8: 10-bit video extension. Primary application was studio video. Part 9 Extension for real time interfaces. Part 10 Conformance extensions for DSM-CC. Part 11 Intellectual property management (IPMP)

Basic Architecture of MPEG Encoder

Figure: A block diagram of a MPEG audio encoder

Optimisation opportunities and Existing Approaches & techniques

Filter Banks for Audio Coding

Choice of an appropriate filter bank is critical to the success of a perceptual audio coder

Masking Noise TMN & NMT BitStream Formatting [ntsc, pal,]

Optimum Coding in the Frequency Domain (OCF) encoder.

Similar to Adaptive Transform Coder (ATC) for speech.

Perceptual transform coder (PXFM) encoder

Achieves transparent coding of FM-quality monaural audio signals

Other existing encoders like

BrandenburgJohnston Hybrid Coder

CNET Coder ASPEC Differential perceptual audio coder (DPAC) TWIN-VQ encoder etc

Motivational factors - For improvement in Encoder

Figure: ISO/IEC IS13818-7 (MPEG-2 NBC/AAC) encoder >> Analyzed Formatter sub module as per section IX Perceptual Coding ITU-R std BS.1116/1115 and tried to implement in ITU-R BT656-4

Implementation of Encoder formatter submodules as per ITU-R BT656

Figure: Encoder Formatter for PAL/NTSC channel Module Block Diagram

Simulations & Results

Figures: NTSC High /MID Resolution and PAL High /MID Resolution Synthesis Report:
Device utilization summary: --------------------------Selected Device : 3s1000ft256-4 Number of Slices: 337 out of 7680 4% Number of Slice Flip Flops: 244 out of 15360 1% Number of 4 input LUTs: 741 out of 15360 4% Number used as logic: 600 Number used as Shift registers: 13 Number used as RAMs: 128 Number of IOs: 140 Number of bonded IOBs: 140 out of 173 80% Number of GCLKs: 2 out of 8 25%

Conclusions and Future Scope of Work & References

Conclusions:

Implemented and functionally verified for back end sub modules of Encoder formatter of digital audio-video signals as per ITU-R BS 656-4 STD of MPEG Encoder where effective interface with high optimisation and better through-put is achieved in FPGA by using

internal DPRAM blocks.

Future Scope of Work

Implementations of MPEG series for different areas of applications like Geology, Remote sensingetc Lossless data Optimisation/Compression Algorithms for better bandwidth utilisation

References:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2 TED PAINTER, STUDENT MEMBER, IEEE AND ANDREAS SPANIAS, SENIOR MEMBER, IEEE, Perceptual Coding of Digital Audio PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, VOL. 88, NO. 4, APRIL 2000. ITU-R 656-4 Standard.pdf Standards of NTSC & PAL

Questions ???

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