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Malabsorbtie - Curs
Malabsorbtie - Curs
2. boli pancreatice
3. postgastrectomie
rezervor gastric mic eliminare rapida de alimente stimulare isuficienta secretina, CCK ENZIME steatoree aciditate redusa supracrestere bacteriana
ANTIBIOTICE
LOCUL DE ABSORBTIE
Jejun
Ileon
- Vit B 12, AA, saruri biliare Colon - apa, electroliti
Apa, Na
- absorbtie pe intreg intestinul: paracelular, transcelular Calciul - absorbtie activa: Fierul - absorbtie dependenta de: - aciditatea gastrica - receptori transferinici - feritina intestinala
1- 12 dihidrocholecalciferol
Proteinele
Proteoliza:- di- and tripeptides, AA - stomac, intestin subtire
- pepsina si tripsina
- pepsinogenul pepsina
Deficienta de dizaharidaze
intoleranta la lactoza - deficit de lactaza, insuficienta transformare a lactozei in glucoza si galactoza
efect osmotic
LAPTE
intoleranta la lactoza
Congenitala - 5-10% caucazieni
Malabsorptia glucoza-galactoza
- absenta congenitala a SGLT - diaree la hidrati ce contin glucoza, galactoza, dar nu fructoza
- Malabsorbtia de fructoza
fructoza - absorbita marginea in perie prin proteina transportoare, GLUT 5 - diaree la sorbitol- indulcitor la diabetici
Lipide
Lipide dieta: 120 150 g/zi: AgLL
faza intraluminala: - emulsionare, lipoliza trigliceridelor, stomac lipaza gastrica la pH 4,5 - 6 jejun proximal lipaza pancreatica la pH > 7
(colipaza faciliteaza actiunea lipazei)
- 500 mg AB sintetizat in ficat/zi conjugati cu taurina sau glycina Colon : hidroliza AB conjugati -
Functiile AB:
Steatoree:
steatoree pancreatica
- pancreatita cronica, fibroza chistica
reducerea reabsorbtiei AB
- B Chron, rezectii jejun, sclerodermie
SINDROM DE MALABSORBTIE
Manifestari clinice - deficit ponderal - casexie - tulburari de crestere - edeme - tip hipoproteinemic ascita - cheilite, glosite, stomatite ( Vit B2 , B 6) - eczeme, purpura, hipecheratoza
SINDROM DE MALABSORBTIE
- sindrom hemoragipar - IP> - anemie
absorbtia grasimi
grasimi in scaun < 6-7g/zi
absorbtie glucide
- absorbtia D xilozei 25g per os absorbtia vit B12 5 ore excretie urinara > 4,5g/zi >8% excretie urinara in 24 ore
DIAGNOSTICUL DE MALABSORBTIE TESTE RESPIRATIE absorbtia glucide H2 ( 50 g lactoza) xilozei (C14) absorbtia lipide H+
14 CO2 14 CO2
trioleina (C14)
14 CO2
1. Anemia pernicioasa 2. Pancreatita cronica defect de desfacere B12 de complaxul ligand R - cobalamina
3. Achlorhydria reduce desfacerea B12 de proteine 1/3 din cei > 60 ani au tulburari de absorbtie B12 incapacitatea de a desface cobalamina din alimente ; nu au defect in absorbtia B12 cristalina
Test Schilling
Excretie urinara 58Co-labeled cobalamin 1 mg cobalamin administerata im 1 h dupa ingestia de 58Co-cobalamin -Test Schilling anormal <10% excretie in 24 h
- anemia pernicioasa, pancreatita cronica, SSB, boli ileon
LEZIUNI SPECIFICE:
4. Limfom malignan 5. Lymphangiectasia - limfatice dilatate in submucosa, lamina propria 6.Gastroenterita eosinophilica - infiltarat eosinophilic in lamina propria, cu sau fara eosinofilie. 5. Boala Crohn 6. Amyloidoza intestinala rosu de Congo 7. Diareea persoanelor imunodeficiente (HIV):
Cryptosporidium, Isospora belli, cytomegalovirus, Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, G. lamblia.
- Celiac sprue
- Tropical sprue - similar cu sprue celiac dupa expunere tropicala, subtropicala - nu raspunde la restrictie de gluten - raspunde la antibiotica si folati
DIAGNOSTICUL DE MALABSORBTIE
Culturi bacteriene din jejun < 103/ml Pierderea intestinala de albumina I125, Cr III. Determinari serice Fe, Zn, Mg IP, albuminemie vit A
51
ENTEROPATIA GLUTENICA
(Sprue celiac)
factor de mediu:
ENTEROPATIA GLUTENICA
(Sprue celiac)
factor genetic:
- 95% din pacientii cu sprue celiac HLA-DQ2 allele -10% rude de gard I
ENTEROPATIA GLUTENICA
gluten gliadina insuficienta hidroliza HLA DR8, DQW2
Date clinice
- balonare - diaree - steatoree - sindrom de malabsorbtie
alimentatia ce contine grau
- in relatie cu
Date paraclinice
- anticorpi antigliadinici - anticorpi IgA antiendomiosiali - biopsia de jejun: - vili <
- cripte >
- infiltrat inflamator submucoasa - epiteliu cuboid
Complicatii
- limfoame - sprue collagenous - ulceratii
Boli asociate
- dermatita herpetiforma
Tratament
- DIETA: fara gluten - corticoterapie - forme severe - 6 mrcaptopurina - forme rezistente
Sprue tropical
dieree cronica
mucoasa anormala- nespecifica tratament tetraciclina, folati
Sindrom intestin scurt asociaza absorbtie cerscuta de oxalati, litiaza oxalica litiaza biliara tratament- reducere lipide, lactoza
- Cauze:
1.Anomalii structurale
- diverticuli - stricturi - enterite inflamatorii - sindrom ansa aferenta - fistule gastro - colice, gastro-ileale, etc
2. Anomalii motilitate
- diabet - hipotiroidism
- vagotomie
3. Diverse
- hipogamaglobulinemie - rezectii gastrice, gastrite anacide, etc
- Supracresterea bacteriana
E. coli, Bacteroides,
- deficit de dizaharidaze
ENTERITA REGIONALA
- absorbtia sarurilor biliare scazuta - supracrestere bacteriana
ENTERITA RADICA
- vili scurti
- epiteliu megalocitar
- infiltrat inflamator in lamina propria
ENTERITA CU EOZINOFILIE
- alergie alimentara
- eozinofilie, Ig E crescute
- infiltrat eozinofilic in mucoasa - hipoalbuminemie - steatoree medie
- boli neoplazice
3. Limfangiectazia intestinala 4. Obstructia limfatica 5.Gastropatia hipertrofica Menetrier
LIMFANGIECTAZIA INTESTINALA
- hipoproteinemie, hipoalbuminemie - edeme - limfocitopenie, Ig scazute - malabsorbtie cu steatoree
Limfangiectazia intstinala
OBSTRUCTIA LIMFATICA
1. Boala Whipple
- Diagnostic
- biopsie intestin
Boala Wipple
OBSTRUCTIA LIMFATICA
1. Boala Whipple
- Manifestari clince
- diaree, balonare
- Tratament
- sulfametoazol - trimetopin, 1 an
LIMFOM INTESTINAL
- Manifestari clince
- dureri abdominale
- balonare - subfebrilitate
- Biopsie intestin
- infiltrat limfocitar in lamina proproa
- Biologic
- Ig A (lant ) >
COLONUL IRITABIL
- Incidenta
- 10-22%
- F/B > 2/1 - 25-50% patologia gastrointestinala
- cea mai comuna boala gastrointestinala
- Definitie
- Perturbare functionala cu tulburari motorii si secretorii, in afara anomaliilor structurale, inflamatorii, enzimatice
COLONUL IRITABIL
- Etiopatogenie
- disfunctie psihosociala
tulbuari de personalitate
COLONUL IRITABIL
- Diagnostic
- Criterii Manning >3 luni de simptome: continuee, recurente - durere, disconfort abdominal indepartat prin defecatie
- modificari in frecventa si consistenta scaunelor, cu cel putin 2 din urmatoarele in 1/4 din timp:
- > 3 scaune/zi cel putin 3 saptamani - consistenta moale apoasa - mucus in scaun - distensie sau senzatie de distensie abdominala - perioade de constipatie
- simptome excluse: rectoragii, melena febra diaree, durere nocturna pierdere ponderala - se vor exclude: intoleranta la lactoza parazitozele intestinale
- Examene de laborator: irigoscopie - normala, colon spastic colonoscopie - normala ex. coproparazitologic - negativ functie tiroidiana - normala - Tratament: - pacient implicat in decizii terapeutice
MEGACOLON
Colon gigant cu disfunctie de tranzit si constipatie cronica
Megacolon: cronic
acut
MEGACOLON AGANGLIONIC - boala Hirsprung
- congenital - boala genetica heterogena - insuficienta migrare a celulelor crestei neurale in colonul distal - zona aganglionica subdimensionata cu dilatatie supraiacenta
- Manifestari clinice
- debut in copilarie - constipatie cronica - ampula rectala goala - sfincter anal normal
- Irigoscopie
- ingustare rectosigmidiana, dilatatie supraiacenta
- Biopsie
- Tratament
MEGACOLON DOBANDIT
- mixedem - amiloidoza - sclerodermie - narcotice cronic - boli neurologice
Manifestari clinice
- constipatie - tact rectal: rect plin cu fecale
Tratament
- etiologic