IPv6 Static Routes

John Rullan Cisco Certified Instructor Trainer Thomas A. Edison CTE HS Stephen Lynch Network Architect, CCIE #36243 ABS Technology Architects

 Static routes defines explicit path between two routers. They are not

automatically updated which means you must manually reconfigure static routes when network changes occur.
Static routes use less bandwidth than dynamic routes. No CPU cycles are used to calculate and analyze routing updates. Static routes should be used in an environments where network traffic is

predictable and where the network design is simple.

Static routes should not be used in a large network environment where its

constantly changing because static routes cannot react to network changes.

Even though static routes are obsolete due to the high use of dynamic

routes in a network, some companies still implement static routes for special occasions.
Static routes are also useful for specifying a gateway of last resort (a default

route which all un-routeable packets are sent).

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There are four types of static routes. The following types of IPv4 and IPv6 static routes will be discussed:
Standard static route Default static route Summary static route Floating static route

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 You must specify only the output interface (the interface on which all packets are sent to the destination network) in a directly connected static route.

The router assumes the destination is directly attached to the output interface.

LAN-1
2001:DB8:2::1/64 2001:DB8:A::2/127

Branch-2 LAN-2
2001:DB8:3::1/64

S0/0/0

S0/0/1 2001:DB8:A::3/127

S0/0/0

Internet

Branch-1

Directly Connected Directly Connected

Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:2::1/64 s0/0/1 Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:3::1/64 s0/0/1

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LAN-1
2001:DB8:2::1/64 2001:DB8:A::2/127

Branch-2 S0/0/0 LAN-2

2001:DB8:3::1/64

S0/0/1 2001:DB8:A::3/127

Branch-1

S0/0/0

Internet

Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:2::1/64 s0/0/1 Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:3::1/64 s0/0/1
Branch-1#show ipv6 route (Output Omitted) S 2001:DB8:2::/62 [1/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1 S 2001:DB8:3::/62 [1/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1 C 2001:DB8:A::2/127 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1 L 2001:DB8:A::3/128 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1 C 2001:DB8:B::/127 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0 L 2001:DB8:B::/128 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0 L FF00::/8 [0/0] via ::, Null0 Branch-2#

Directly Connected

L in the routing table is a new identifier which indicates the specific address assigned to an interface, as opposed to C which only displays the subnet.

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 In a next-hop static route, the IPv6 address of the neighboring router is specified. The output interface is derived from the next hop. Before any packet is forwarded by router, the routing table process must determine the exit interface to use to in order to forward the packet. This causes the router to take a second look at the routing table to determine the exit interface for the destination network.
LAN-1
2001:DB8:2::1/64 2001:DB8:A::2/127

Branch-2 LAN-2
2001:DB8:3::1/64

S0/0/0

S0/0/1 2001:DB8:A::3/127

S0/0/0

Internet

Branch-1

Next Hop/Recursive

Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:2::1/64 2001:DB8:A::2 Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:3::1/64 2001:DB8:A::2

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LAN-1
2001:DB8:2::1/64 2001:DB8:A::2/127

Branch-2 LAN-2
2001:DB8:3::1/64

S0/0/0

S0/0/1 2001:DB8:A::3/127

S0/0/0

Internet

Branch-1

Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:2::1/64 2001:DB8:A::2 Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:3::1/64 2001:DB8:A::2
Branch-1#show ipv6 route (Output Omitted) S 2001:DB8:2::/64 [1/0] via 2001:DB8:A::2 S 2001:DB8:3::/64 [1/0] via 2001:DB8:A::2 C 2001:DB8:A::2/127 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1 L 2001:DB8:A::3/128 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1 C 2001:DB8:B::/127 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0 L 2001:DB8:B::/128 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0 L FF00::/8 [0/0] via ::, Null0 Branch-2#

Next Hop/Recursive

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 The output interface and the next-hop address are both used in a fully specify static route. Used when the output interface is a multi-access interface and needs the next-hop address to be identified. The next-hop must be directly attached to the specified output interface.
2001:DB8:A::4/64 G0/0

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LAN-1
2001:DB8:2::1/64 G0/0 G0/1

Branch-2

2001:DB8:A::2/64 G0/0

DSW-1

2001:DB8:A::1/64 G0/0

Branch-1

LAN-2
2001:DB8:3::1/64

G0/0 2001:DB8:A::3/64

Branch-3

Fully Specified

Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:2::1/64 g0/0 2001:DB8:A::2 Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:3::1/64 g0/0 2001:DB8:A::2

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2001:DB8:A::4/64 G0/0

Branch-4

LAN-1
2001:DB8:2::1/64 G0/0 G0/1

Branch-2

2001:DB8:A::2/64 G0/0

DSW-1

2001:DB8:A::1/64 G0/0

Branch-1

LAN-2
2001:DB8:3::1/64

G0/0 2001:DB8:A::3/64

Branch-3

Fully Specified

Branch-1#show ipv6 route (Output Omitted) S 2001:DB8:2::1/64 [1/0] via 2001:DB8:A::2, Gigabit0/0 S 2001:DB8:3::1/64 [1/0] via 2001:DB8:A::2, Gigabit0/0 C 2001:DB8:A::2/127 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1 L 2001:DB8:A::3/128 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1 C 2001:DB8:B::/127 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0 L 2001:DB8:B::/128 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0 L FF00::/8 [0/0] via ::, Null0 Branch-2#
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 No other routes in the routing table match the packet destination IP

address. In other words, when a more specific match does not exist.
A common use is when connecting a company's edge router to the ISPs

network.

LAN-1
2001:DB8:2::1/64 2001:DB8:A::2/127

Branch-2 LAN-2
2001:DB8:3::1/64

S0/0/0

S0/0/1 2001:DB8:A::3/127

S0/0/0

Internet

Branch-1

Branch-1(config)#ipv6 route ::/0 s0/0/0 Branch-1(config)#ipv6 route ::/0 2001:DB8:A::2 Branch-1(config)#ipv6 route ::/0 s0/0/0 2001:DB8:A::2

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LAN-1
2001:DB8:2::1/64 2001:DB8:A::2/127

Branch-2 LAN-2
2001:DB8:3::1/64

S0/0/0

S0/0/1 2001:DB8:A::3/127

S0/0/0

Internet

Branch-1

Branch-1(config)#ipv6 route ::/0 s0/0/0

Branch-1#sh ipv6 route (Output Omitted) S ::/0 [1/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0 S 2001:DB8:2::1/64 [1/0] via 2001:DB8:A::2, Serial0/0/1 S 2001:DB8:3::1/64 [1/0] via 2001:DB8:A::2, Serial0/0/1 C 2001:DB8:A::2/127 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1 L 2001:DB8:A::3/128 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1 C 2001:DB8:B::/127 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0 L 2001:DB8:B::/128 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0 L FF00::/8 [0/0] via ::, Null0 Branch-1#

Default Route

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 Summary routes are used to reduce the number of routing table entries. Multiple static routes can be summarized into a single static route if:

- The destination networks are contiguous and can be summarized into a

single network address. - The multiple static routes all use the same exit interface or next-hop IP address.

LAN-1
2001:DB8:2::1/64 2001:DB8:A::2/127

Branch-2

S0/0/0

S0/0/1 2001:DB8:A::3/127

S0/0/0

Internet

Branch-1

LAN-2
2001:DB8:3::1/64

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LAN-1
2001:DB8:2::/64 2001:DB8:A::2/127

Branch-2 LAN-2
2001:DB8:3::/64

S0/0/0

S0/0/1 2001:DB8:A::3/127

S0/0/0

Internet

Branch-1

Branch-1(config)#ipv6 route 2001:DB8:2::/46 s0/0/0 2001:DB8:0000000000000010 2001:DB8:0000000000000011

Common Bits

Summarize based on common bits: 16-bits in the 1st and 2nd hextets for a total of 32-bits 14-bits in the 3rd hextet Total of 46-bits in common between the two addresses
Branch-1#show ipv6 route (output omitted) S ::/0 [1/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0 S 2001:DB8::/46 [1/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1 Branch-1# ping 2001:db8:2::1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:db8:2::, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/10/41 ms Branch-1# ping 2001:db8:3::1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:db8:3::, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 2/9/18 ms Branch-1#

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 A floating static route is a static route that the router uses to back up dynamic route. You must configure a floating static route with a higher administrative distance than the dynamic route that it backs up. In this instance, the router prefers a dynamic route to a floating static route. You can use a floating static route as a replacement if the dynamic route is lost.

Branch-1

Internet
Branch-2

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Cisco Public

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Branch-1

Internet
Branch-2

Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:4::1/127 s0/0/1 91 Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:5::1/127 s0/0/1 91 Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:6::1/127 s0/0/1 91 Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:C::1/127 s0/0/1 91 Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:A::1/127 s0/0/1 91
Branch-1#sh ipv6 route (output omitted) D 2001:DB8:4::/128 [90/3321856] via FE80::2E0:8FFF:FE31:4201, Serial0/0/0 D 2001:DB8:5::/128 [90/3321856] via FE80::2E0:8FFF:FE31:4201, Serial0/0/0 D 2001:DB8:6::/128 [90/3321856] via FE80::2E0:8FFF:FE31:4201, Serial0/0/0 D 2001:DB8:B::/127 [90/3193856] via FE80::2E0:8FFF:FE31:4201, Serial0/0/0 D 2001:DB8:C::/127 [90/2681856] via FE80::2E0:8FFF:FE31:4201, Serial0/0/0 Branch-1# Branch-1#show ipv6 route (output omitted) S 2001:DB8:4::/128 [91/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1 S 2001:DB8:5::/128 [91/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1 S 2001:DB8:6::/128 [91/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1 S 2001:DB8:A::/128 [91/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1 S 2001:DB8:C::/128 [91/0] Branch-1#

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Thank you.