Learning Area

: Matter

Bidang Pembelajaran : Jirim

Learning objective : 1.3 Understanding the concept of density Learning outcomes: Define density Explain why some objects and liquids float Solve simple problems related to density Carry out activities to explore the densities of objects and liquids
By : AMIRAH BINTI HARUN & THENG SIEW KIONG SMK BATU KAWA 2012

CONCEPT OF DENSITY Konsep ketumpatan

Density of a substance is the mass per unit volume of the substance. Ketumpatan sesuatu bahan ialah jisim per unit isipadu bahan itu.

The SI unit of density is kg/m or g/cm. Unit S.I bagi ketumpatan ialah kg/m or g/cm.
Density can be calculated using the formula shown below: Ketumpatan boleh dikira menggunakan rumus di bawah: Density = mass of substance (g) volume of substance (cm) Ketumpatan = jisim bahan (g) isipadu bahan (cm)

How to calculate density? Bagaimana mengira ketumpatan?

Example :

A stone has a volume of 20cm and its mass is 40g. Calculate its density. Satu batu mempunyai isipadu 20 cm dan beratnya ialah 40g. Hitungkan ketumpatannya.
Density = mass of stone (g) volume of stone (cm) = 40 g 20 cm = 2 g/ cm Ketumpatan = jisim batu (g) isipadu batu (cm) = 40 g 20 cm = 2 g/ cm

Why some objects and liquids float

Mengapakah sesetengah objek dan cecair terapung?

 Bouyancy of a substance refers to whether the substances float or sinks in a liquids. Keapungan suatu bahan ialah perihal timbul atau tenggelam bahan itu di dalam sesuatu cecair.
The bouyancy of a substance depends on its density. Keapungan suatu bahan bergantung kepada ketumpatannya.

A solid or liquid with lower density will float in a liquid with higher density.
Pepejal atau cecair yang berketumpatan rendah akan terapung dalam cecair yang berketumpatan tinggi.

A solid or liquid with higher density will sink in a liquid with lower density.
Pepejal atau cecair yang berketumpatan tinggi akan tenggelam dalam cecair yang berketumpatan rendah.

Density of some common materials

Ketumpatan beberapa bahan-bahan
State of matter (Keadaan Jirim)
Solid Pepejal Cork Glass

Material (bahan)
gabus kaca

Density ( g/cm) Ketumpatan ( g/cm)

0.25 2.6

Copper
Lead Gold Liquid Cecair Kerosene

kuprum
plumbum emas minyak tanah

8.9
11.4 19.0 0.7

Alcohol
Water Sea water Mercury

alkohol
air air laut merkuri

0.8
1.0 1.03 13.6

Gas

Hydrogen
Oxygen

hidrogen
oksigen

0.00009
0.0014

Example A Contoh A
Density of cork is 0.25 g/cm. Density of water is 1.0 g/cm.

Ketumpatan gabus ialah 0.25g/cm. Ketumpatan air ialah 1.0 g/cm.

Cork = 0.25 g/cm Gabus Water = 1.0 g/cm Air

The density of cork is less than the density of water. Therefore, cork floats in water Ketumpatan gabus kurang daripada ketumpatan air. Oleh itu, gabus timbul/terapung di atas air.

Example B Contoh B
Density of glass is 2.6g/cm. Density of water is 1.0 g/cm. Ketumpatan kaca ialah 2.6g/cm. Ketumpatan air ialah 1.0 g/cm.

Glass= 2.6 g/cm Kaca

Water = 1.0 g/cm Air

The density of glass is more than the density of water. Therefore, glass sinks in water Ketumpatan kaca lebih daripada ketumpatan air. Oleh itu, kaca tenggelam di dalam air.

SOLVE SIMPLE PROBLEMS RELATED TO DENSITY The objects that found by archeologists are often
made up of metals and therefore very heavy.
Objek-objek yang ditemui oleh ahli arkeologi dibuat daripada logam dan ianya berat

The archeologists use balloon filled with helium to lift the objects to the surface of the sea.
Ahli arkeologi menggunakan belon yang diisi dengan gas helium untuk mengangkat objek ke permukaan laut.

Helium is a very light gas. The helium-filled balloons are less dense than water.
Helium ialah gas yang paling ringan. Belon yang diisi helium kurang tumpat daripada air

They will float in water and help to lift the heavy objects along.
Ianya akan timbul di permukaan air dan membawa objek berat bersamanya.

 Subsubmarine have ballast tanks that can be emptied or filled with water to control the depth of the submarine in the water. Kapal selam mempunyai tangki balast yang boleh dikosongkan dan diisi dengan air untuk mengawal kedalaman kapal selam di dalam air. Water pumped into the ballast tank to increase the mass of the submarine to make it sink. Air dipam masuk ke dalam tangki ballast untuk menambahkan jisim kapal selam supaya ianya tenggelam. Water pumped out of the ballast tank to reduce the mass of the submarine to make it float. Air dipam keluar dari tangki ballast untuk mengurangkan jisim kapal selam supaya ianya timbul.

Past year PMR Questions 2004 - 2011

Table 1 shows three types of liquid with their respective densities Jadual 1 menunjukkan tiga jenis cecair dengan ketumpatan masing-masing Liquid/Cecair X Y Density/g cm-3 1.0 0.7

Z
Table 1/Jadual 1

13.6

Which of the following figures correctly shows the positions of X, Y and Z? Antara rajah berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan kedudukan yang betul bagi cecair X, Y dan Z?

2006 Question 5 Soalan 5

Table 2 shows four substances with different densities Jadual 2 menunjukkan empat bahan yang berlainan ketumpatan. Substances/Bahan Ice/Ais Iron/Besi Density/g cm-3 Ketumpatan/g cm-3 0.9 7.9

2006 Question 5 Soalan 5

Oil/Minyak
Mercury/Merkuri

0.8
13.6 Table 2/Jadual 2

Given that the density of water is 1.0 g cm-3 which substances can float on water? Diberi bahawa ketumpatan air ialah 1.0 g cm-3 , bahan yang manakah boleh terapung di atas air A. Ice and oil/Ais dan minyak A. Ice and iron/Ais dan besi C. Oil dan Mercury/Minyak dan merkuri D. Iron and mercury/Besi dan merkuri

A student carried out an experiment to study the effect of density of the medium on the weight of object X. Seorang pelajar menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan ketumpatan medium terhadap berat objek X. The readings of the spring balance after the object X was placed in water, paraffin oil and chlorofoam are shown in Figure 8.1 Bacaan neraca spring apabila objek X berada dalam air, minyak parafin, dan klorofoam ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 8.1

2004 Kertas 2 Question 8 Soalan 8

a) State the variables in the experiment Nyatakan pembolehubah yang terlibat dalam eksperimen itu.
Manipulated variable Pembolehubah yang dimanipulasikan Responding variable Pembolehubah yang bergerak balas Controlled variable Pembolehubah dimalarkan

3 marks/markah b) Based on Figure 8.1, record the readings of the weight of object X in Table 8.2. Berdasarkan Rajah 8.1, rekodkan bacaan bagi berat objek X dalam Jadual 8.2 2004
Kertas 2 Question 8 Soalan 8

Medium Medium Water Air

Density/g cm-3 Ketumpatan/g cm-3 1.0

Weight of object X/N Berat objek X/N

Paraffin oil Minyak parafin Chloroform Kloroform

0.8 1.4

Table 8.2 Jadual 8.2

2 marks/markah

2004 Kertas 2 Question 8 Soalan 8

c) Based on Table 8.2, draw a bar chart to show the weight of object X in the different mediums. Berdasarkan Jadual 8.2, lukiskan carta bar untuk menunjukkan berat objek X dalam medium yang berlainan.

2 marks/markah

2004 Kertas 2 Question 8 Soalan 8

Water Air Oil Minyak Chloroform Kloroform

d) Based on the bar chart in (c), what can be said about the weight of object X? Berdasarkan carta bar di (c), apakah yang dapat anda rumuskan tentang berat objek X ? Weight object X is influenced by the types of medium. Berat objek X dipengaruhi oleh jenis medium e) State one inference from the experiment Nyatakan satu inferens daripada eksperimen itu. Weight object X is influenced by the density of medium. Berat objek X dipengaruhi oleh ketumpatan medium f) Object X was placed in solution Y with a density of 1.2 g cm-3. Predict the weight of object X. Objek X dimasukkan ke dalam larutan Y yang mempunyai ketumpatan 1.2 g cm-3 . Ramalkan berat objek X 5N

2004 Kertas 2 Question 8 Soalan 8

g) State the relationship between the density of the medium and the weight of object X. Nyatakan hubungan antara ketumpatan medium dengan berat objek X. Weight of object X will decreases when density medium increases. Berat objek X akan berkurang apabila ketumpatan medium bertambah. h) Based on Table 8.2 and the bar chart in (c), what can you deduce about the meaning of weight of an object? Berdasarkan Jadual 8.2 dan carta bar di (c), apakah yang boleh anda rumuskan tentang maksud berat sesuatu objek? Weight of an object changes according to the density of the medium 2004 Berat sesuatu objek berubah berdasarkan Kertas 2 ketumpatan medium.
Question 8 Soalan 8

REVISION

Table 1 shows four substances P, Q, R and S with different densities. Substances P Q R S

Table 1

Density (gcm-3) 0.24 0.92 2.70 19.23

Which of the following will sink in water of density 1 gcm-3? A P and Q C R and S B P and R D Q and S

Why does the ice float on the lake surface? A B C Ice is less dense than water Water changes its form from liquid to solid The volume of ice decreases when water freezes into ice The distance between the water molecules in ice is less than that in water

Which of the following is not an application of the concept of density? A A ship floating in the sea B An airplane flying in the air C Logs being transported by rivers D A submarine floating and sinking in the sea