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Kuliah Psikoneuroimunologi
Kuliah Psikoneuroimunologi
STRESS ???
STRESS ???
The illness appears when the immune system (considered to be autonomous!) has broken down Most physicians treat the body: the organ or the function Most psychotherapists follow the cognitivebehavior paradigm treat the mind as something separated from the body
Mood
Mind Emotions Behavior Brainwaves
we need to accept the integration of body - mind therapies because its becoming very clear thatthe body and mind are in a powerful connection!
Studies the relationships between psychologic states and the immune response.(Mosbys Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009, Elsevier) The study of the eects of the mental and neurological status on theimmune system.(McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.) The study of the interactions between psychological factors, the centralnervous system, and immune function as modulated by theneuroendocrine system.(Dorlands Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rightsreserved.) The study of the integrated interactions of the immunologic, neurologicand psychologic systems and their eects on health.(Jonas: Mosbys Dictionary of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2005, Elsevier
Psychoneuroimmunology
(PNI)= scientic discipline - multidisciplinary eld - rapidly expanding Role to elucidate the complex processes that underlie health Psychoneuroimmunology
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Cabang ilmu kedokteran yang mengkaji interaksi antara : 1. Stress psikologis 2. Sistem saraf endokrin Modulasi sistem 3. Sistem imun Perubahan respons imun Manifestasi berbagai penyakit yang diperantarai oleh sistem imun Berkembang 2 dekade lalu----- kontribusi kepada ilmu kedokteran.
Menjaga
keseimbangan tubuh yang dikenal sebagai homeostatis Peran stres psikologis dalam patobiologi beberapa penyakit.
Otak
(sistem limbik)
Sistem
Stresor
Menerangkan
kekambuhan atau bertambah beratnya beberapa penyakit kulit seperti dermatitis atopik, psoriasis, urtikaria, sistemik lupus eritematosus sistemik, herpes simpleks
Komunikasi
antara sistem saraf pusat (SSP) dengan jaringan limfoid primer dan sekunder
Secara anatomis:------ serat saraf simpatis yang menginervasi jaringan limfoid (KGB regionalkelenjar thymus) Melalui mediator neurotransmiter dan neuropeptid. Sel limfoid mempunyai reseptor terhadap berbagai hormon dan neurotransmiter yang dilepaskan oleh sel saraf dan kelenjar endokrin.
Pelepasan
1. 2.
hormon stres :
Glukokortikoid Katekolamin
Respons
imun
Hipothalamus -----sintesis corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) Hipofise anterior (pituitary)-----pelepasan adenocorticotropine hormone (ACTH) Korteks adrenal------- stimulasi pelepasan kortikosteroid (Kortikosteroid : hormon penekan menekan sistem imun)
STRESS
PHYSICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL--ENVIRONMENTAL.
stresor
psikologis----rangsang sistem adrenergik di SSP, serat saraf pascasinaptik simpatis dan medula adrenal ----lepaskan katekolamin. Katekolamin-----pengaruhi keseimbangan sel Th1/Th2,
CRH
yang dilepas hipotalamus mempengaruhi sel mast melalui reseptor CRHR1 di permukaan sel mast---- degranulasi sel mast dengan pelepasan histamin dan mediator peradangan lainnya.
Melalui neuropeptid yaitu substance P dan neuropeptid Y berefek langsung terhadap sel imun.
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