Hydraulic Motors

Lecture 6

Motor Types

Hydraulic motors are used to turn hydraulic power into rotary motion Several types of hydraulic motors:

Gear Motors Vane Motors Gerotor Motors Radial Piston Motors In-line Piston Motors

Gear Motors

These motors are built like a gear pump Contains a drive gear and a driven gear Gear motors often contain special passages from the gland area to the return side of the motor to prevent seal failure Sometimes they use check balls to prevent high pressure fluid from feeding back into the gland

Gear Motor Checks

Similar to gear pumps Check for wear on the gears, and housing Check for clearance between the wear plates and the gears Check clearance between the gears Check shaft seal and shaft Check any anti-feedback check balls

Vane Motors

Similar in operation to vane pumps Most vane motors have spring clips behind the vanes to keep them in contact with the cam ring Cam ring must be turned over to reverse direction

Vane Motor Checks

Similar to vane pumps Check for wear on the rotor and vanes Check for clearance between the end plates and the rotor Check wear on cam ring Check shaft seal and shaft Check vane springs

Gerotor Motors

Uses an internal gear that rides inside a gear The rotor has 1 tooth less than the external gear The rotor is offset to the center of the motor and travels in a orbital fashion

Gerotor Motor Types

Because of the way they are designed, they are a low speed-high torque motor Many gerotor motors use rollers on the lobes of the external gear to lower the friction caused by the rotor lobes hitting the external gear lobes Clearances in gerotor motors are between .000 to .001

Gerotor Valving

Because the flow of fluid must be constantly altered, special valves are used In the smaller types, the valves are built into the output shaft (rotary valve) In the larger motors, the valve is at the end of the drive coupling and rotates with the rotor (sliding valve)

Gerotor Motor Checks

Check for wear on the valve assembly (sliding or rotary) Check for clearance between the end plates and the rotor Check wear on drive coupling teeth Check shaft seal and shaft Check thrust bearings Check for clearance between the rotor and external gear (or rollers)

Radial Piston Motor

Newest type of motor Uses pistons which are placed around a crankshaft Produce higher torque than gerotor motors Require special valves on the shaft

Radial Piston Motor Checks

Check for wear on the valve assembly Check for clearance between the piston and cylinder Check wear on crankshaft drum Check shaft seal and shaft Check connecting rods Check output shaft bearings for wear

In-Line Piston Motor

The most efficient type of high speed motor Can be fixed displacement or variable displacement Requires a case drain for internal leakage Tight tolerances require high filtration

In-Line Piston Motor Checks

Similar to radial motor checks Check for clearance between the piston and cylinder Check wear on piston slippers Check shaft seal and shaft Check case drain output for excessive leakage Check output shaft bearings for wear