Electronic Communications of the EASST Volume 21 (2009)

Presented By: Ayush Khandelwal 00940178

About the Authors..

Akshay Rajhans : Working on model-based design and formal analysis of cyber-physical systems Shang-Wen Cheng: Currently as Software Engineer at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Bradley Schmerl: Senior Systems Scientist, School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University David Garlan: Professor of School of Computer Science. Research areas as formal methods, domain-specific software architectures and programming environments. Bruce H. Krogh: Research Area Signals/Control Clarence Agbi : Secretary for PhD in Electrical and Computer Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University Ajinkya Bhave: Working in The Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon University

Acknowledgments:

This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant no. CNS0834701 and by Air Force Ofce of Scientic Research (AFOSR) under contract no. FA9550-06-1-0312.

CONTENT

ABSTRACT

CPS is based on. Disparate Mathematical Formalisms Dissimilar Methodologies in Engineering and Computer Science Goal To create an extensible framework within which a comprehensive set of design tools can be created

Previous Works..

Software Architecture model:

Components Connectors

Standardized Notations:
UML 2.0 SysML AADL

Contd..

CPS ARCHITECTURAL STYLE

Represent systems at a higher level Challenge of treating cyber and physical elements equally Usage of Acme ADL Architectural style is represented as a family Three families Cyber Family Physical family Cyber-physical interface family

Cyber Family Data Stores

Computation
IO Interfaces

Types of Cyber Connectors Call-return Connector Publish Subscribe Connector

Physical family:
Challenges in developing representation: Should not have all the details required for a full simulation Also, should correspond to intuitive notions of physical dynamics Solution: Introduction of components and connectors in energy view of Physical systems Examples : Bond Graphs, Langrangian Mechanics

Physical family Contd

Physical Component:
Sources Energy storage Physical transducers

Physical Connector:
Power ow Shared variable Measurement

Cyber-Physical Interface Family:

Inherits elements of cyber and physical families and adds new elements to bridge the gap.

Simple Interfaces:
P2C connector C2P connector

Complex Interfaces
P2C transducer C2P transducer

Example: intelligent sensor nodes

Example:

Another Example

Behavioral Annotations:
Implemented for behavioral modeling frameworks
Finite State Processes

Linear Hybrid Automata

Plugins Usage :generate analyzable text les from these properties

Plug-in for FSP: Labelled Transition System Analyser Plug-in for LHA: Polyhedral Hybrid Automaton Verifyer

Example:

Behavioral Verication:
Goal : Maintaining Zone 1 temperature close to the thermostat set point

Furnace States Powered Off, Powered On and Heating

Challenge : Furnace misses the Heat On command. Solution 1: Usage of Finite State Process and Liveliness property of Labeled Transition System Analyzer and added shutdown notication connector between furnace and thermostat. Challenge: If Furnace is a Dumb Device Solution 2:LHA analysis in PHAVer, and using Real Time Clock and Rates of Change of Temperature

Discussion:
A new CPS architectural style is proposed with tools for annotating CPS architectures with behavioral models such as nite state processes and linear hybrid automata.