Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Bi thuyt trnh

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Hng dn:
Thc hin :

C Trn Mai Phng

Nguyn Minh Kha Phng Quc Tm Lp

MSSV: 60501215 MSSV: 60502475 HC05KSTN

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Phng php chung

Mt s cht mang quan trng

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

I/ AC TRNG CHUNG CUA PHNG PHAP

Cho cau t hoat ong gan vao chat mang.

Chat mang la vat lieu tr, co nhieu lo xop va t hoat ong hoa
hoc. Tuy thuoc vao loai thiet b phan ng, chat xuc tac tren chat mang co the co nhng hnh dang nh: cau, tru, vay

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

ac trng chung cua phng phap

Thng ngi ta tam cau t xuc tac len chat mang bang dung dch

cha cau t o.
Xuc tac kim loai thng thu dang hydroxyt tren chat mang, sau o chuyen sang dang oxyt va kh en kim loai.

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

CAC BC THC HIEN VIEC TAM HAT CHAT MANG

Hut chan khong kh t lo xop cua chat mang.
X ly chat mang bang dung dch. Tach dung dch tha. Say va nung.

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Hut chan khong chat mang

Tang s ong nhat cua hat trong qua trnh tam Tang nhanh qua trnh tam V: Thng trc khi tam trong cac mao quan b bao hoa mot lng kh de tan vao dung dch tam Km ham s tham qua cua dung dch tam

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Hut chan khong chat mang

Ky thuat chan khong co nhieu phc tap nen thng giai oan nay c bo qua. Mat khac, ap suat mao quan khi tam co the at en hang tram atm, no de dang thay the khong kh trong mao quan.

Qua trnh thay the nay cang nhanh neu co gia nhiet.

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Tm xc tc

Theo chu k Lin tc

Tam lien tuc cho san pham ong nhat hn ve thanh phan hoat tnh xuc tac. Sau moi lan tam can chuyen qua giai oan gia cong nhiet. So lan tam phu thuoc nhieu vao cau truc lo xop cua chat mang e chuyen van en tan ben trong mao quan. ac biet mao quan nho, tam nhieu co the lam bt hoan toan cac mao quan, lam mat tac dung xuc tac.

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Tam xuc tac

a so cac trng hp, thi gian tam co the xac nh theo pt Enstein:

= r2/(2De) r: quang ng i trung bnh cua cau t khuech tan (xem la ban ban knh
hat).

De : he so khuech tan.

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

II/ MOT SO CHAT MANG QUAN TRONG

Silicagel

Oxit nhom

Zeolite

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

La chat trong suot hay hat m, co nhieu lo xop.

S i l i c a g e l

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Cau truc xop phu thuoc vao loai silicagel, co the dao ong khoang 20-60%. Be mat rieng 200-800 m2/g. ng knh lo xop khoang 3-10 nm.

ong vai tro nh la chat mang cua chat xuc tac hoat ong.

S i l i c a g e l

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

San xuat
Trong cong nghiep, cho hydroxit silicagel p vi H2SO4.
Quy trnh
S i l i c a g e l

keo

gel

ra

sy

Hydroxyt vo nh hnh cua silic (SiO2.n H2O) S bien oi cua gel theo c che a ngng tu, tao cac phan t vi kch thc keo dang cau. nSi(OH)4 SinO2n-m + (2n-m)H2O

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

San xuat
Ngoai ra, san xuat silicagel trong cong nghiep theo p:
S i l i c a g e l

Na2O.3SiO2 + H2SO4 3SiO2 + H2O + Na2SO4

Keo tao ra c ong ran, ra lam kho va nung.

Loai gel nh vay co cau truc xop ong nhat.

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

He thong san xuat

S i l i c a g e l

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

-Al2O3
Ran chac o xop kem (525%) Be mat rieng nho (1m2/g).

- Al2O3
Kem ben hn Cau truc xop (50-70%) Be mat rieng ln (120-150m2/g)
O x i t n h m

- Al2O3 khong nhng la chat mang ma con la chat xuc tac cua nhieu phan ng.

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

ac iem cua - Al2O3

Thanh phan (% khoi lng) : Na2O t 0,1-0,6%; SiO2 0,1-1,0%; Fe2O3 0,1-1,0% ng knh cua hat khoang 3-4 nm. Khoi lng rieng chat ong 0,6-0,9 g/m3.
O x i t n h m

o xop tong 0,4-0,7 cm3/g.

ng knh mao quan 3-4 nm.

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Ky thuat san xuat - Al2O3

Hau het eu da tren c s thu Al(OH)3 bang cach tai ket tua at set dang hydrat.
O x i t n h m

Ban chat qua trnh the hien theo phan ng sau:

2 Al(OH)3 + 3 H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 6 H2O

Al2(SO4)3 + 6 NaOH 2Al(OH)3 + 3Na2SO4

Sau o, ngi ta nung Al(OH)3 thu c - Al2O3

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Chuyen hoa - Al2O3 -Al2O3

O x i - Al2O3 Al2O3 -Al2O3 t n Ta phai chuyen nh vay v trong mot so trng hp phai s dung xuc tac h trang thai tang soi, ao tron manh b mai mon nhanh va co the m

Thc hien nhiet o cao hn 11000C:

loi cuon ra khoi vung phan ng. Can loai chat mang ac biet ran chac.

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

SAN XUAT KHOI TIEP XUC

1/ Xuc tac GIAP-3 Thanh phan(%khoi lng): -Al2O3 (93%), - Al2O3 (1,8%), NiO (5,1%) The tch xop: ~35% Be mat rieng: ~5 m2/g Mat o chat ong: ~1,0 g/cm3
O x i t n h m

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

2/ Khoi tiep xuc tang soi (FB)

Dung e oxy hoa SO2 trong lp tang soi. Chat xuc tac phai ac biet ran chac, v khi ao tron manh,
O x i t n h m

no thng b mai mon nhanh va loi cuon ra khoi vung phan

ng V du: S ton that Vanadi khi lam viec che o tang soi trong 1 thang >8-10% so vi trong lng ban au. o ben c tang len ang ke khi s dung chat mang aluminosilicat.

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Khoi tiep xuc tang soi (FB)

La dang hat hnh cau mau vang sam.
O x i t n h m

Thanh phan (% khoi lng): V2O5 >= 7 ; K2O >=7 ; Al2O3 ~ 4-6 ; SiO2 ~
82-80 The tch xop ~ 50%

Be mat rieng ~ 20 m2/g

o mai mon trong 1 thang <= 1%

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Qua trnh thu chat xuc tac FB

1- Chuan b dung dch aluminosufat.
O x i t n h m

2- Thu chat mang hnh cau.

3- Lam kho, nung chat mang hnh cau. 4- Tam chat mang.

5- Lam kho va xuc tac.

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Cu trc c im ng dng
Z e o l i t e

Sn xut

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

1. Cu trc zeolit :
Zeolite l cc Aluminosilicate c cu trc tinh th h theo khng gian 3 chiu
Z e o l i t e

Cng thc chung c dng sau: M2/nO.Al2O3.xSiO2.yH2O

trong n: ha tr ca ion kim loi M x: t s mol SiO2/Al2O3 y:s mol nc x : xc nh tnh cht v cu trc ca zeolite

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

B khung ca zeolite cu trc vi hng trm khoang tng i ln, thng vi nhau qua ca s kch thc nh V d:Trong 1 gam zeolite c n 3x1020 khoang.

Gi tr nht trong s xc tc zeolite l cc zeolite A,X,Y v mt s khc . Zeolite A c x 2; X c x = 2,2-3 Y c x = 3,1-5,0

Zeolite tng hp thu c thng l zeolite -Na

Z e o l i t e

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Zeolite A

Zeolite X,Y

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

2.c im
-Zeolit bn nhit -bn trong quan h tip xc vi cht c, nh cc ion sulfua , cc hp cht cha nito -khng gy n mn thit b -b mt pht trin (800 m2/g) -kh nng trao i ion cao, bn c
Z e o l i t e

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Trong mi loi zeolite c thnh phn, cu trc, bn

Z e cht cation, kiu phn b cation kh ng nht o C cu trc xp ( th tch xp chim khong 50%V) l i t B mt tip xc pha ln e

D dng to cc trung tm acid base khc nhau

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Cc l xp

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

3. ng dng ca zeolite
Hp ph c tnh chn lc rt cao D dng trao i ion Xc tc c hot tnh v chn lc cao
Z e o l i t e

Ngoi ra zeolite cn l cht mang to ra nhiu loi xc tc khc : xc tc base, oxi ha kh

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Mt phn t phn ng trn zeolite phi thc hin cc bc sau: Khuch tn n b mt ca zeolit i vo mao qun qua cc ca s v khuch tn n trung tm hot ng Hp ph vo bn trong mao qun trn trung tm hot ng v hnh thnh hp cht trung gian ca phn ng Thc hin phn ng to sn phm Kh hp ph v khuch tn sn phm ra ngoi mao qun

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

4.Tng hp zeolite
-Cc zeolite tng hp c th thu c bng phng php tng hp thy nhit dng cc tinh th vi kch thc c micromet -Vic tng hp cc zeolite dng Na+ to ra kt ta alumosilicat ca baz v cui cng to kt ta.
Z e o l i t e

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Sn xut zeolite dng vin

Dd lm vic Kt ta hydro aluminosili cat

x l nhit

nh hnh

Kt tinh hydrogel trong mt kim

ra

Z e o l i t e

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Nguyn liu
silicat Al(OH)3 NaOH

Z e o l i t e

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

H2O

H2O

Al(OH)3

silicat

NaOH si

autoclave

Hi qu nhit

t nng dd lm vic

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Nhc im :
-Vic thm cht kt dnh lm xu i c trng
Z e o l i t e

ng hc ca zeolite -V vy ngi ta mi tm kim k thut to vin

zeolite khng c cht kt dnh.

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Sn xut zeolite dng vin khng cha cht kt dnh

Z e o l i t e

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

4.a xc tc vo cht mang zeolite

Cc phng php s dng : trao i ion tm
Z e o l i t e

hp ph t pha kh hay a vo t khu tng hp zeolite hp ph hi kim loi

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Phng php x l zeolite:

3 phng php
Z e o l i t e

Trao i ion

Tm zeolite

Tng hp

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Trao i ion
Mc ch: -thay th cc ion Na+ bi cc ion nguyn t khc hay H+
Z e o l i t e

-Bng phng php ny c th a vo cu trc zeolite cc kim loi nh Ni, Pt

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Nhn xt:
-S phn b tt nht kim loi c th t c trong trng hp : trc giai on kh phi kh ht nc trong zeolite.
Z e o l i t e

-Trong qu trnh kh cc mu ngi ta nhn thy c s di chuyn kim loi t th tch ca tinh th zeolite n b mt bn trong ca chng v to ra cc kim loi dng khi. Dc theo khoang s di chuyn ca kim loi trong zeolite c sp xp theo dy sau: Ag>Pb>Cu>Ni > Pt

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Tm zeolite
c thc hin bng mt s dung dch hu c hay v c cha hp cht cc kim loi m c th tch thnh kim loi khi x l nhit nhit thp hn
Z e o l i t e

nhit bn ca tinh th do vy thng s dng

cacbonat v hydrocacbonat ca Fe, Co, Ni, Cr....

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Tng hp
Mc ch: a cu t hot ng vo xc tc t lc tng hp zeolite Phm vi s dng: Khi c kh nng a cc cu t xc tc hot ng vo mng tinh th. u im: - C th thu cht xc tc sau phn ng - Xc tc c chn lc cao
Z e o l i t e

Sn xut xc tc trn cht mang

Silicagel

Oxit nhm

Zeolite

Ngun ti liu :
Bi ging k thut xc tc - Mai Hu Khim www.Wikipedia.com www.china-silicagel.net www.sciences.com