5.1.
Standard of Competency
Explain system and properties of colloids and application in everyday life.
5.2.Basic Competency
Classifying properties of colloids and their application in everyday life
Indicator
1. To classify suspension, true solution and colloids based on observation results (Tyndall effect, homogeneous or heterogeneous solutions and filtration) 2. To group the type of colloids based on dispersing medium and dispersed phase 3. To describe properties of colloids (Tyndall effect, dialysis, electrophoresis, emulsion, coagulation) 4. To explain hydrophobic colloids and hydrophilic colloids 5. To describe the function of colloids in industry of cosmetics, foods and pharmaceuticals
Solution formation
When sodium chloride dissolves in water, the resulting uniform dispersion of ions in water is called a solution. In general, a solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, consisting of ions or molecules. A colloid is a similar in that it appears to be homogeneous like solution. In fact, however, it consist of comparatively large particles of one substance dispersed throughout another substance or solution.
Types of solution ( example of solution)
Solution Air Soda water Ethanol in water Brine Potassiumsodium alloy Dental-filling alloy Gold-silver alloy State of matter Gas Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Solid Solid Description Homogeneous mixture of gas Gas(CO2) dissolved in a liquid Liquid solution of two completely miscible liquid Solid (NaCl) dissolved in liquid(H2O) Solution of twao solid (K+Na) Solution of a liquid (Hg) in a solid Solution of two solid (Au + Ag)
Solution may exist in any of three states of matter; that is; they may be gases, liquids, or solids. Solute is the component in smaller amount. Solvent is the component in greater amount
When a substance is dissolved in their solvent the following condition may be occur : - To form a suspension - To form a colloid - To form a true solution The difference of the system above is base on the size of particle.
SOLUTION, COLLOID AND SUSPENSION
Properties of system Dispersion system
Form of mixture Form of dispersion Size of < 10-7 cm particle Watched with No watched Separation
Solution Homogeneous Molecular
Colloid Homogeneous Solid
Suspension Heterogeneous Solid
10-7 10-4 cm > 10-4 cm Common microscope Common filter paper
Ultra microscope No separated Ultra filter paper
COLLOIDS A Colloid is a dispersion of particle of one substance (the dispersed phase) throughout another substance or solution (the continuous phase). Fog is an example of a colloid : It consist of very small water droplets (disperse phase) in air (continuous phase). A colloid differs from a true solution in that the dispersed particles are larger than normal molecules, though they are too small to be seen with a microscope. The particles are from about 10 Ao to about 2000 Ao in size
Types of colloids
Continuo Dispersed us phase phase Name Example
Gas Gas Liquid Liquid Liquid
Solid Solid Solid
Liquid Solid Gas Liquid Solid
Gas Liquid Solid
Aerosol Aerosol Foam Emulsion Sol
Foam Gel Solid sol
Fog, mist Smoke Whipped cream Mayonnaise AgCl dispersed in water Pumice, plastic foam Jelly, opal Ruby glass
Properties of colloid
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Tyndall effect Brown movement Coagulation Electroforesis Adsorption Dialysis
Although all gasses and liquids scatter light, the scattering from a pure substance or true solution is quite small and usually not detectable. However, because of the considerable depth of the atmosphere, the scattering of light by air molecules can be seen. The blue color of the sky is due to the fact that blue light is scattered more easily than red light.
Tyndall effect : is the scattering process of light by colloid, this caused by the size particle of colloid. Coagulation is the process by which a colloid is made to come out of solution by aggregation. Brown movement is a random movement of colloid particle. Electroforesis is a movement of colloid particle to the opposite charge electrode
Learning Resources
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Chemistry for AS Level and A Level, sixth edition, Brian Ratcliff and co, University of Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, Dubai, 2007 Comprehensive Chemistry, Third edition, MacMillan Education, London, 1988 Chemistry the Central Science, Fifth edition, Theodore L Brown ( University of Illinois ), H.Eugene Le May, Jr (University of Nevada), Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1991 Chemistry in Context, Graham C.Hill ( Bristol Graham School), John S.Holman ( Watford Graham School ), Third Edition, Thomas Nelson and soons Ltd, United Kingdom , 1989 Dictionary of Chemistry, Second Edition, D.W.A.Sharp, MA, Phd ( Departement of Chemistry, University of Glasgow), Pinguin Group, London 1990. General Chemistry, Third Edition, Darrel D.Ebbing (Wayne State University), Mark S.Wrighton (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1990 Smaneladps Chemistry Syllabus, Smanela Chemistry Teachers, Denpasar, 2008
