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Understanding Stem Cells and Cord Blood

Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any cell type, while adult stem cells are more limited in what cells they can become. Embryonic stem cells are derived from embryos created through IVF or SCNT, while adult stem cells are found in tissues like bone marrow. Umbilical cord blood is the richest source of hematopoietic stem cells and is collected after birth as it remains in the umbilical cord and placenta. Public cord blood banks store and supply cord blood units for transplants to improve the probability of finding suitable donors and promote the clinical use of cord blood. Stem cell research is important for studying development, replacing damaged cells, testing drugs, and further understanding genetics. Current stem

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175 views16 pages

Understanding Stem Cells and Cord Blood

Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any cell type, while adult stem cells are more limited in what cells they can become. Embryonic stem cells are derived from embryos created through IVF or SCNT, while adult stem cells are found in tissues like bone marrow. Umbilical cord blood is the richest source of hematopoietic stem cells and is collected after birth as it remains in the umbilical cord and placenta. Public cord blood banks store and supply cord blood units for transplants to improve the probability of finding suitable donors and promote the clinical use of cord blood. Stem cell research is important for studying development, replacing damaged cells, testing drugs, and further understanding genetics. Current stem

Uploaded by

aparnayadav
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

STEM

STEM CELLS
CELLS
&
&
CORD
CORD BLOOD
BLOOD BANK
BANK
BY:
Aparna Yadav
B.Tech (Biotech 3rd year)
Description: A colony of embryonic stem cells. 10X. Image in the Public Domain.

Description: (A) Human ESCs; (B) Neurons derived from Human ESCs. Images
courtesy of Nissim Benvenisty.
The Major Types of Stem Cells
A. Embryonic Stem Cells

 They are found in embryos at a very early


stage of development.
 They have the ability to differentiate into
any of the over two hundred types of cells
that make up the human body.
B. Adult Stem Cells

– have the ability to differentiate into


varieties of a particular type of cell,
determined by the type of tissue in which
they are found.
– For example, blood stem cells found in the
bone marrow give rise to RBC, WBC and
platelets.
SOURCES OF STEM CELLS

• Most embryonic stem cells currently used in


research are derived from embryos that
were created in the course of infertility
treatments by means of in vitro fertilization
(IVF) procedures.
• Most richest source of Hematopoietic stem
cell is umbilical cord blood.
SOURCES OF STEM CELLS
• Other source of embryonic stem cells, involving
the production of embryos by a technique
variously known as somatic cell nuclear transfer
(SCNT).
• SCNT involves ,
several steps------
1)thirdFirst,
source aof woman’s
embryonic stem
eggcells, involving theand the nucleus
is obtained
production of embryos by means of a technique variously known as
is removed,
somatic creating
cell nuclear transfer an enucleated
(SCNT), egg.
research cloning, or therapeutic
2)cloning.
Then the nucleus of a somatic cell from a nuclear
donor—typically, an adult—is removed and
inserted into the enucleated egg.
Advantages and Disadvantages to
Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells.
Embryonic S.C. Adult S.C.
“Pluripotent” “Multipotent”
(can become any cell) (“can become many but
not any”)
Stable. Can undergo many Less Stable. Capacity for
cell divisions. self-renewal is limited.

Easy to obtain but Difficult to isolate in


blastocyst is destroyed. adult tissue.
Possibility of rejection?? Host rejection minimized
Umbilical cord blood
• Cord blood, or umbilical cord
blood, is blood that remains in
the umbilical cord and placenta at
the time of birth.
• Considered a waste product.
• But once scientists discovered it is
a rich source of stem cells, cord
blood became a viable substitute
to bone marrow in thousands of
successful transplants.
Public cord blood bank mission
• To collect, store and supply Cord Blood
units with the highest quality and safety.
• To improve the probability of finding
suitable donors.
• To promote the clinical use of Cord Blood.
Why is Stem Cell Research So Important to All
of Us?
Stem cells allow us to study how organisms grow
and develop over time.
Stem cells can replace diseased or damaged cells
that can not heal or renew themselves.
We can test different substances (drugs and
chemicals) on stem cells.
We can get a better understanding of our “genetic
machinery.”
What Human Diseases are
Currently Being Treated with
Stem Cells?
• Parkinson’s Disease
• Leukemia (Bone Marrow Transplants)
• Spinal cord injuries
• Skin Grafts resulting from severe burns

Stem Cell Therapy has the Potential to:


• Regenerate tissues/organs
• Cure diseases like diabetes, multiple sclerosis, etc.
THANK YOU

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