New future for medicine –Stem cells

An unspecialized cell is known as a stem cell. Since, stem cell can do one of two things under
specific situations, it is of special interest. It can replicate copies of itself roughly for an
indefinite period or can distinguish into a more specialized cell, like skin cell or heart cells that
are functionally and structurally distinct from each other.

In the human body like other cells, stem cells that take a nucleus, which has the general
complement of chromosomes including the full genome of human. Earlier it was believed that a
particular type of cell like the skin cell can execute its function as a skin cell only and then die
off. But, our thinking has been revolutionized by the current research that shows that the
expression of gene patterns in any cell is not fixed necessarily and so they can be turned back
into the state of an embryonic stem cell from where it might get possible to derive every kind of
human body cells with the right manipulation. Cells that get reverted to such state of embryonic
stem cell are now known as iPS cells or induced pluripotent stem cells.

There are basically three kinds of stem cell- iPS cells, embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.
All through the body of human adult stem cells are being found. They differ in number it all
depends on the tissue or organ you look at. For example, bone marrow stem cells are present in
considerable numbers and for over 50 years they have been used in transplants of bone marrow,
which is a long standing therapy of stem cell. Internationally, there are now numerous properly-
regulated clinical trials Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3 underway using stem cells for treating few
diseases and injuries. In the next five years, there is a better opportunity that few of these will
result in approval for therapies of adult stem cells in the market in limited particular situations, in
specific for heart disease, injuries to the eye and possibly stroke damage.

In theory embryonic stem cells are versatile and powerful cells that are able to produce all cell
types in the body of a human being. Their capability of forming each cell kind makes them tough
to be controlled and explains why only two companies have received approval to get into Phase 1
clinical trial with the therapy of embryonic stem cell.

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