Chapter 2 Lecture

My Health: An Outcomes Approach

First Edition

Psychological Health
KIN 1600 Fall 2013 D. Dailey, MS

What Is Psychological Health? Module 2.1 Psychological health is the sum of how we think, feel, relate, and exist in our dayto day-lives. Module 2.1 Learning Outcomes:
* Identify basic characteristics shared by psychologically healthy people. * Identify each level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

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Psychologically Healthy People Feel good about themselves. Feel comfortable and express respect and compassion toward others. Control tension and anxiety. Meet the demands of life. Curb hate and guilt. Maintain a positive outlook. Value diversity. Appreciate and respect nature.
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

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 According to Maslow's theory, a person's needs must be met at each of these levels before that person can be truly healthy; failure to meet any of the lower levels of needs will interfere with the ability to address upper-level needs.

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Check Yourself 2.2 What are the basic characteristics shared by psychologically healthy people? At which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs do you face the most challenges?

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Dimensions of Psychological Health Module 2.2 Psychological health includes mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions. Module 2.2 Learning Outcomes:
* List and define each dimension of psychological health.

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Dimensions of Psychological Health

Mental health: the rational or "thinking" dimension of our health Emotional health: the "feeling" side of psychological health Social health: includes a person's interactions with others on an individual and group basis. Spiritual health: refers to the sense of belonging to something greater than the physical or personal dimensions of existence.

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 Social support includes being cared for and loved being esteemed and valued, sharing companionship and having a sense of belonging, have having access to information, advice, community services, and guidance.

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Check Yourself 2.2 What are the dimensions of psychological health? How do you assess your psychological health in each of the dimensions discussed here?

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Factors that Influence Psychological Health: Module 2.3 Psychological health can be influenced by multiple environmental factors, including family, social supports, and community. Module 2.3 Learning Outcomes:
* Describe factors that affect your psychological health.

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Factors Influencing Psychological Health

Family Social supports Community Self-efficacy and self-esteem Self-efficacy refers to a person's belief in ability to successfully engage in and execute a behavior. Self-esteem refers to one's sense of self-respect or self-worth. Personality Emotional control and maturity

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Check Yourself 2.3 What are four factors that affect your psychological health? Give an example of the interrelationship among the various factors that affect psychological health.

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The Mind-Body Connection: Module 2.4 Scientists have found that happiness and related mental states can have a profound impact on the body. Module 2.4 Learning Outcomes:
* Describe the interaction between psychological well-being and health.

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The Mind-Body Connection Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of how the brain and behavior affect the body's immune system. Those with high levels of subjective wellbeing are resilient, positive, and less likely to fall into despair over setbacks.

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 Some traits relating to psychological well being are extroversion, agreeableness, openness to experience, emotional stability, conscientiousness, and resiliency.

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Check Yourself 2.4 How does a person's psychological state affect his or her health? Give an example in which your emotional state affected your health.

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Strategies to Enhance Psychological Health: Module 2.5 Module 2.5 Learning Outcomes:
* Describe behavior change strategies to improve psychological health.

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Strategies to Enhance Psychological Health Find a support group. Complete required tasks. Form realistic expectations. Make time for you. Maintain physical health. Examine problems and seek health when necessary. Get adequate sleep.
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Check Yourself 2.5 Give examples of four ways to enhance psychological health. Which of these strategies do you think would be the most effective for you?

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What Is Spiritual Health? Module 2.6 Spirituality may be defined as an individual's sense of purpose and meaning in life. Module 2.6 Learning Outcomes:
* Define spirituality and describe how religion and values affect spirituality. * Explain how spirituality contributes to physical and psychosocial health.
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ABC News Video: The Study of Happy Brains

Discussion Questions 1. Do you agree that life experiences account for only 10 percent of one's total happiness? Why or why not? 2. What do you do to make yourself happy? 3. In what ways can you work to increase your happiness level every day?
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What Is Spiritual Health?

Elements of Spirituality
Relationships Values Meaningful purpose in life

Contributions to Health
Improved immunity, cardiovascular function and physiological changes

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 A survey of more than 35,000 Americans revealed that 92% believed in some kind of higher power, but not all of these identified themselves as being affiliated with a particular religion.

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Check Yourself 2.6 What are some components of spirituality and spiritual intelligence? List three benefits of spiritual health.

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Strategies for Cultivating Spiritual Health: Module 2.7 Module 2.7 Learning Outcomes:
* Describe several strategies for improving spiritual health.

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Strategies for Cultivating Spiritual Health Train your body. Expand your mind. Tune in to yourself and your surroundings. Reach out to others.

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Check Yourself 2.7 How do physical, mental, and contemplative strategies affect spiritual health? What are some of the benefits of including spiritual health among the dimensions of health?

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When Psychological Health Deteriorates: Module 2.8 Stress, anxiety, loneliness, and other traumatic events can derail our coping resources. Module 2.8 Learning Outcomes:
* Define mental illness and discuss its prevalence.

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When Psychological Health Deteriorates

Mental illnesses are disorders that disrupt thinking, feelings, moods, and behaviors. Approximately 57.7 million people suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year. Mental disorders are the leading cause of disability in the United States and Canada for people age 15 to 44.

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Check Yourself 2.8 What is mental illness?

Is mental illness more or less common than you expected?

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Anxiety Disorders: Module 2.9 Anxiety disorders are the number-one mental health problem in the United States, affecting 18 percent of all adults. Module 2.9 Learning Outcomes:
* Describe common anxiety disorders, including causes and treatments.

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Common Anxiety Disorders Generalized anxiety disorder Phobias Social phobia Obsessive-compulsive disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Causes
Biology, environment, social and cultural roles

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ABC News Video: Keeping ObsessiveCompulsive Disorder In Check

Discussion Questions 1. Fay says that deep down she knows a doorknob does not pose a risk. Then why do you think she still fights the urge to use hand sanitizer every time she opens a door? 2. What is "exposure" therapy and how does it work? Dr. Jonathan Grayson took Fay and a group of people on a virtual camping trip in the video. In what ways do you think this experience helped the participants with their OCD tendencies? 3. What are the benefits for someone with OCD who attends workshops and lectures at a convention like the one the OCD Foundation holds annually?

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Check Yourself 2.9 What are the most common anxiety disorders? What are the causes and treatments for anxiety disorders?

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Mood Disorders: Module 2.10 Chronic mood disorders are disorders affecting one's emotional state. Module 2.10 Learning Outcomes:
* Describe common mood disorders, including causes and treatments.

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Common Mood Disorders Major depression is the most common mood disorder, affecting about 7 percent of the U.S. population. Dysthymic disorder is chronic, mild depression. Bipolar disorder is associated with severe mood swings. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is associated with reduced exposure to sunlight.
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Check Yourself 2.10 What are the most common mood disorders? What are the causes and treatments for mood disorders?

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Other Psychological Disorders: Module 2.11 Module 2.11 Learning Outcomes:

* Describe personality disorders, schizophrenia, and ADHD, including causes and treatments.

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Other Psychological Disorders

Personality disorders are patterns of behavior and inner experience that deviate markedly from the individual's culture. Personality disorders include paranoid personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder. Schizophrenia is characterized by alterations of the senses, and is a biological disease. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder associated with hyperactivity or distraction.

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ABC News Video: The Hoarders

Discussion Questions 1. Why might a person develop a hoarding compulsion? Give several reasons. 2. Some hoarders do not believe that they have a debilitating problem or that hoarding is such a problem. What does this say about the psychological mindset of a hoarder? Why do you think that simply "cleaning up the mess" is more difficult for a hoarder? 3. What are the consequences of being a hoarder? How does being a hoarder affect the hoarder and those around him or her negatively?

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Check Yourself 2.11

What are the causes and treatments for personality disorders, schizophrenia, and ADHD? Personality disorder is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectation of the individual's culture and is persuasive and inflexible Schizophrenia-characterized by the inability to sort out incoming stimuli and make appropriate responses; an altered sense of self; and radical changes in emotions, movements, and behaviors ADHD-are often hyperactive or distracted

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Psychological Health Through the Lifespan: Successful Aging: Module 2.12 Module 2.12 Learning Outcomes:
* Describe the psychological conditions associated with aging. * Explain the impact of loss on psychological health.

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Psychological Health Through the Lifespan: Successful Aging The term dementia is used to describe either reversible symptoms or progressive forms of brain malfunctioning. Bereavement is the loss or deprivation experienced when a loved one dies. Grief occurs in reaction to significant loss.

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 Some older people do suffer from mental and emotional disturbances. Depression is the most common psychological problem facing older adults.

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Check Yourself 2.12 What are three particular psychological issues associated with aging?

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When Psychological Problems Become Too Much: Suicide: Module 2.13 Suicide is the second leading cause of death on college campuses. Module 2.13 Learning Outcomes:
* Identify warning signs associated with suicide. * Discuss strategies for suicide prevention.

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Warning Signs
Recent loss and inability to let go of grief History of depression Change in personality Sexual dysfunction Expressions of self-hatred/excessive risk-taking Change in sleep, eating habits, or appearance Direct or indirect statements Final preparations (wills, giving away possessions) Preoccupation with death
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Preventing Suicide Monitor signals. Take threats seriously. Let the person know how much you care. Listen. Ask directly. Don't belittle feelings. Help think about alternatives. Tell your friend's spouse, partner, siblings or counselor.

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Check Yourself 2.13 What are five warning signs that someone may be contemplating suicide? What are five specific actions you can take to prevent suicide?

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Seeking Professional Help: Module 2.14 Module 2.14 Learning Outcomes:

* Recognize feelings and behaviors that may warrant seeking help from a mental health professional. * Describe possible treatment options for psychological problems.

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Seeking Professional Help Evaluation for treatment should include a physical checkup, psychiatric history, and mental status examination. Pharmacological treatment What to expect in therapy
Treatment models: behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, drug therapy
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Check Yourself 2.14 Give four examples of feelings and behaviors that may warrant seeking help from a mental health professional. What are some advantages and disadvantages to the various treatment options described?

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